194 



NATURE 



[December 8, 1910 



second. The losses observed are 20 per cent, higher than 

 those calculated from J. J. Thomson's formula. — 

 Fr6d6ric Reverdin and Armand de Luc : The comparative 

 nitration of mono- and dialkylated amines. — L. H. 

 Philippe : The glucodeconic acids. The author has ex- 

 tended E. Fischer's synthesis of gluconose to the next 

 higher homologue, glucodecose. In the present paper the 

 preparation and properties of the glucodeconic acids are 

 described. — G. Friedel and F. Grandjean : Anisotropic 

 liquids. A discussion of the meaning of some experi- 

 ments recently described by M. Mauguin on the optical 

 properties of azoxyphenetol. The authors regard the 

 term anisotropic liquids as being preferable to liquid 

 crystals. Marin Moliiard : The mode of action of the 

 intensity of illumination in the formation of cleistomamic 

 flowers. — P. A. Dang^eard : A marine alga from the 

 Concarneau Laboratory, — M. Rinselmann : Experiments 

 on the yield of juice from the cider press. — Armand 

 Dehorne : The coexistence of division and a subdivision 

 of chromosomes in a quiescent state. — Paul de Beau- 

 champ : A new gregarian of the genus Porospora. — A. 

 Gruvei : The lampreys of the western coast of Africa and 

 their commercial possibilities. — J. Chatanay : A remark- 

 able anomaly of Zonabris variabilis v. Sturmi. — A. Fern- 

 bach : The biological degradation of the carbohydrates. 

 Macerations of Tyrothrix tenuis act upon starch, maltose, 

 dextrose, or saccharine, and dioxyacetone, glyceric alde- 

 hyde, and methylglyoxal have been recognised among the 

 products of the reaction. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde 

 are also produced by this organism, — J, Effront : The 

 action of the Bulgarian ferment upon proteid and amido 

 substances. The Bulgarian ferment rapidly destroys 

 albuminoid material, removing the nitrogen in the form 

 of ammonia, and it is possible that the favourable action 

 of the ferment in gastro-intestinal affections is due to this 

 action instead of to the production of lactic acid. — P. 

 Chaussee : The production of primitive thoracic tubercu- 

 losis in cattle by the inhalation of infinitesimal amounts 

 of bovine tuberculous material. These experiments prove 

 the possibility of direct infection of the lungs by the 

 inhalation of minute proportions of tuberculous material. 

 In all the cases the mesenteric and cervical ganglia were 

 examined for tubercular infection with negative results.- — 

 Jacques Deprat : Seismic activity in southern Yun-nan in 

 ^909- 



DIARY OF SOCIETIES. 



THURSDA y, December 8. 

 Royal Society, at 4.30. — Colour-blindness and the Trichromatic Theory, 

 Part II. Incomplete Red or Green Blindness : Sir W. de W. Abney, 

 K.C.B., F.R.S.— On the Sensibility of the Eye to Variations of Wave- 

 length in the Yellow Region of the Spectrum: Lord Rayleigh. O.M., 



F. k.S. — (i) Trypanosome Diseases of Domestic Animals in Uganda. 

 IV. Trypanosoma uni/oriiie, sp. nov, ; (2) Trypanosome Diseases of 

 Domestic Animals in Uganda. V. Trypanosoma nanum. (Laveran) : 

 Colonel Sir D. Bruce, C.B., F.R.S., and others. — Some Enumerative 

 Studies on Malarial Fever: Major R. Ross, C.B., F.R.S., and D. 

 Thomson. — On Haemoelobin Metabolism in Malarial Fever : O. C. E. 

 Simpson. — A Case of Sleeping Sickness studied by precise Enumerative 

 Methods. Further Observations : Major R. Ross, C.B., F.R.S., and 

 D, Thomson. — Enumerative Studies on Trypanosoma gambiense and 

 Trypanosoma rhodiense in Rats, Guinea-pigs, and Rabbits ; Periodic 

 Variations disclosed : Dr. H. B. Fantham and J. G, Thomson. — The 

 Life History of Trypanosoma gambietise and Trypanosoma rhodiense 

 as seen in Rats and Guinea-pigs : Dr. H. B. Fantham. — Experiments 

 on the Treatment of Animals infected with Trypanosomes, by means of 

 Atoxyl, Vaccines, Cold, X-rays, and Leucocytic Extract; Enumerative 

 Methods employed : Major R, Ross, C.B., F.R.S., and J. G. Thomson. 



Mathematical Society, at 5.30. — (i) Properties of I,ogarithmico- 

 exponential Functions ; (2) Some Results concerning the Increai^e of 

 Functions defined by an Algebraic Differential Equation of the First 

 Degree: G. H. Hardy. — Optical Geometry of Motion: A. A. Robb, — 

 (i) Note on the Pcllian Equation ; (2) A Property of the Number 7 : 

 T. C. Lewis. — On the Arithmetical Theory of Binary Cubic Forms : 



G. B. Mathews. 



Institution of Electrical Engineers, at 8. — The Magnetic Properties 

 of Iron and its Alloys in Intense Fields: Sir R, Hadfield, F.R.S., and 

 Prof, B, Hopkinson, F.R.S, 



FRIDAY, December 9, ' 



Royal Astronomical Society, at 5. — The Determination of Seleno- 

 graphic Pos'tions and the Measurement of Lunar Photographs. Fifth 

 Paper : Results of the Measurement of Two Yerkes Negatives : S. A. 

 Saunders. — Note on an Erroneous Formula employed in the Tables of 

 the Four Great Satellites of Jupiter : R, A. Sampson. — On the Accuracy 

 of the Positions of the Star Images in ihe " Harvard Sky " : H. H. 

 Turner, — On Multiple Solutions in the Determination of Orbits from 

 Three Observations : C, V, L, Charlier. — Occultations of Stars observed 

 during the Eclipse of the Moon, Nov. 16, 1910: Cambridge Observatory. 

 — The Equatorial Current of Jupiter in 1886 : A. Stanley Williams. — 

 O) Photographic and Visual Observations of Halley's Comet (1909c), 

 Daniel's Comet (1909^), and Comet igioa, made at the Radcliffe Observa- 



tory, Oxford ; (2) Observations of Stars Occulted by the Moon during the 

 Eclipse of Nov, 16, 1910, at the Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford : A. A. 

 Rambant. 



Illuminating Engineering Society, at 8. — Recent Progress in Electric 

 Lighting : Prof. E, W, Marchant. 



MONDAY, December 12, 



Royal Society of Arts, at 8.— Industrial Pyrometry : C. R. Darling. 

 TUESDAY, December 13. 



Royal Anthropological Institute, at 8.15.— Some Unexplored Routes 

 between Angora and Eregli : R. Campbell Thompson. 



Zoological Society, at 8.30. — Repoit of the International Commission 

 on Zoological Nomenclature presented to the Graz Meeting of the 

 International Zoological Congress, 1910: Dr. W. E. Hoyle. — On the 

 Segmentation of the Occipital Region of the Head in the Batrachia 

 Urodela : E. S. Goodrich, F.R.S. — On the Structure and Function of the 

 Gas-glands and Retia Mirabilia associated with the Gas-bladder of some 

 Teleostean Fishes, with notes on the Teleost Pancreas : Dr. W. N. F. 

 Woodland — The Mammals of the Tenth Edition of Linnseus : an attempt 

 to fix the Types of the Genera and the exact Bases and Localities of the 

 Species: Oldfield Thomas, F.R.S. 



Institution of Civil Engineers, at i.— Further discussion : Portland 

 Cement, and the Question of its Aeration : H. K. G. Bamber. 



Faraday Society, at 8. — Separation of Oxygen by Cold : J. Swinburns, 

 F.R.S. — New Apparatus for the Rapid Electro-analytical Determination 

 of Metals : Dr. H. J. S. Sand and W, M. Smalley. 



lYEDNESDAY, December 14. 



Royal Society of Arts, at 8. — A New View of Roman London : 

 Reginald A. Smith. 



Junior Institution of Engineers, at 7.30. — Some Recent Develop- 

 ments in Condensing Plant : G. L. Kothny. 



THURSDAY, December 15. 



Linnean Society, at 8. — Reports on the International Botanical Congress 

 at Brussels, 1910: Dr. Otto Stapf, F.R.S., and others. — Non-calcareous 

 Sponges from the Red Sea, collected by Mr. Cyril Cro.ssland : R. W. H. 

 Row. — Comparative Anatomy of Leaves of Veronica : R. S. Adamson. 



Royal Society of Arts, at 4.30. — The Taj Mahal and its Relation to 

 Indian Architecture : R. F. Chisholm. 



Institution of Electrical Engineers, at 8. — Submarine Cables for 

 Long Distance Telephone Circuits : Major W. A, J, O'Meara, C.M.G, 

 FRIDAY, December 16, 



Institution of Mechanical Engineers, at 8. — The Production of 

 Castings to withstand High Pressures : Prof H. C. H, Carpenter and 

 C. A. Edwards, — Ihe Con.stitution of Troostite and the Tempering of 

 Steel : Andrew McCance. 



Institution of Civil Engineers, at 8, — Mathematical Deduction of 

 the most Econpraical watio of Reinforcement for Reinforced-concrete 

 Structures : R, N, Mirza. • 



CONTENTS, PAGE 



Fresh-water Fish-culture in France. By Dr. 



William Wallace i6i 



A Cyclopaedia of Agricultural Chemistry. By Dr. 



E, J, Russell .'A 164 



Radio-chemistry, By Dr. B, B. Boltwocd , , . . 165 



Egyptological Researches 165 



Unprogressive Petrology, ByJ. W. E 166 



Elementary Mathematics 167 



Our Book Shelf 168 



Letters to the Editor:— 



Simulium Flies and Pellagra. — Dr. C. Gordon 



Hewitt .' 169 



The S^ngof the Siamang Gibbon,— R. I, Pocock . 170 

 On the Simultaneity of " Abruptly-beginning " Mag- 

 netic Storms, — O, Krogness 170 



The Negro in the New World, {Illustrated.) By 



Prof. G. Elliot Smith, F.R.S 172 



Geological Chronology, By A. H 173 



Prof. Angelo Mosso 174 



Jules Tannery, By G. B. M 175 



Notes 176 



Our Astronomical Column : — 



Ephemeris for Faye's Comet, igiOi? 180 



Recent Helwan Photographs of Halley's Comet , , , 180 

 The Total Eclipse of the Moon on November 16 . . 180 

 The Probable Errors of Radial-velocity Determina- 

 tions 180 



The Phdtographic Magnitudes of Stars l8i 



Proper Motion of the Star B.D,-f 33° 99 181 



The New Meteorological Office, By Dr, W. N, 



Shaw, F,R.S i8i 



The Claims of Scientific Research 183 



Cotton Growing within the British Empire . , . 184 



Pests of Fruit Trees 184 



The Discovery of Neptune. Leverrier's Letter to 



Galle 184 



The New Zealand Survey 185 



The Japan Magazine. By H. D 185 



Radiation from Heated Gases, [With Diagram.) . 186 



University and Educational Intelligence 190 



Societies and Academies 192 



Diary of Societies ^94 



NO. 2145, VOL. 85] 



