396 



NATURE 



{August 8, 1878 



during the utterance, which was seldona, if ever, the case at 

 other'pitches, indeed, the constancy of the wave-forms produced 

 by the voice over hundreds of periods has usually been very 

 striking. 



In order to maintain the ii quality throughout a series of iii., 

 the change from the single to the duplex form had to be quite 

 abrapt. To test the n at this critical point slurs were executed 

 by voice 5 both up and down ; that is, attempts were made to 



Table VII, — Harmonic Constihients of Artificially Produced at Various Pitches, 



2-1 3-1 Oi 0-1 OM 0.2 



0-9 _■ 2-3-^ 0-2^ 0'3-^ 0"3 O'l \ 



9-8- 



4-3- 



4-2- 



0-! 



■9-0- 



■6-8- 



4-5- 



■5-2- 



■4-8- 



■2-8- 



•0-5- 



■0-8- 



-0-4- 



-0-2 



-0-3- 



-1-6- 



-ro- 



— 0-8 0-1 



-0-3-^^0-2 i 



3-8- 



■7-3- 



■3-9 



-2-1 ■ 



-0-6 -0-2 



Table VIII. — Harmonic Constituents of cC Sung at Various Pitches hy Voice No. 5. 



4-1 ^ 4-8 4-8 0*3 0-6 0*2 



bi'U" 



2-4- 



•4-4- 



■%•!■ 



-1-5- 



-0-3- 



•0 : : 



1-4 — 

 2-3-— 



1-8- 



•1-4' 



-2-3- 



-0-2- 



■3-9- 



■3-2- 



-4-C- 



-0-e 0-2 



1-9 

 d 



•2-6- 



■2-0- 



-3-0- 



-07 0-3 



Table IX. — Harmonic Constituents of a Sung at Various Pitches by Voice No. 5. 



0-9 2-2 ■■ 1-4 0*3 0-2 0-2 



2-0- 



•4-8- 



■5-8- 



-1-5- 



-ro 



2.0- 



■5-1 



•5-6- 



-0-8- 



-0-3 0-2 



■G-2- 



4-6- 



-2-0- 



-0-4- 



2-3- 



-3-0- 



•2-4- 



-0-6- 



2-4- 



■2-9- 



■VI- 



-2-4- 



-0-1- 



-0-1 



1-2- 



■2-3- 



■l-I 



-1-5- 



-0-9 0-3 



'ffYgY\ ^ ''Y% ^f'f'Y ^Y% ^''^j^^'^^'rj^i'gY'Y'''''4'^'''V^'^ 



continue to say ii, and at the same time gradually raise and 

 lower the pitch past a. At this pitch one of two things in- 

 variably happened. Either the curves became so like those for 

 othat they could not be distinguished from o at the same pitch 

 either by eye or ear, or they sunk to such an insi'^nificant size as 

 to indicate an interval of almost total silence. 



One voice (No. 7) carried the simple harmonic form of ii 

 down as low as f. This voice had a very limited range, and 

 could not produce the duplex foi-m at all. Moreover, the 

 sound of the simple il, while being spoken on/" or ^, M'as less 

 vocal and more like a whistle than the duplex ?7 given by other 

 voices. 



