I30 



NATURE 



{Dec. 7, 1876 



[ndia, presented by Mrs. Aspinwall'; a Macaque Monkey 

 Macacus cynomolgus) from India, presented by Mr. Richard 

 schott y Larios; a Duyker Bok {Cephalophus mergcns) from 

 STatal, presented by Mr. J. D. Witherspoon ; a Hairy-rumped 

 \gouti {Dasyprocta prymnolopha) from South America, presented 

 )y Mrs. Booth ; a Spring Bok (Gazella euchore) from South 

 Africa, purchased ; a White-throated Capuchin {Cibus hypoleuais) 

 rom Central America, three Rough-legged Buzzards {Archibuteo 

 agopus), European, deposited ; a Long-nosed Crocodile {Croco- 

 iilus cataphracius) from West Africa. 



SCIENTIFIC SERIALS 



Verhandlunqen der k. k. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in 

 Wien^ vol. XXV. The following papers are published in this 

 'olume : On some new species of Mycetophilidce from the neigh- 

 )ourhood of Sandez (Galizia), by Dr. A. Grzegorzek. — On the 

 tructure of the muscular cells and on the general structure of 

 Mnestra parasites, Krohn, by Prof. C. Claus. — On some new 

 nd some insufficiently known species of CecidomyidcE of the 

 /ienna district, by Dr. Franz Low. — On the relations of the 

 \.frican and Indo-Malayan bird-fauna, with some general remarks 

 m the geographical distribution of mammals, by A. von Pelzeln. 

 —On Hungarian fungi (third treatise : fungi hypogmi), by Prof. 

 ^. Haszlinsky. — Description of new and insufficiently known 

 '"hryganidce and Oestridce, by Dr. Fr. Brauer. — Mycological 

 lotes, by S. Schulzervon Miiggenburg. — Hemiptera Heteroptera 

 ■iusiriaca, MM. Maji. — Augusti, 1870, a J. A. Palmen collecta, 

 )y O. M. Renter. — On some new Lepidoptera of the South 

 Vnierican fauna, by Dr. O. Staudinger. — Second note on the 

 Vrachnida-order of TerriUlaria Thorrell (Mygalidas Autor.), by 

 )r. Anton Ausserer. This is one of the most elaborate papers 

 ti the volume. On North-American moths, specially micro- 

 ^pidoptera, by Prof. P. C. Zeller ; this is equally elaborate. — 

 M'otes on Adriatic echinoidse, by Dr. E. von Ma- en zeller.— On 

 he vegetation-formations of the Taurian peninsula and its 

 limatic conditions, by Dr. A. Rehmann. — Researches on the 

 Dipiefa-{a.nm. of Austria, by Josef Palm.^On the ornithological 

 auna of Moravia, by F. von Dalberg. — On the occurrence of 

 uilix babylonica, L., androgyna et niasctdina in Austria, by J. E. 

 libsch. — Lichenological excursions in the Tyrol, by F. Arnold. 

 —On some species of Salix new in the " Wechsel" district 

 Lower Austiia), by E. Woloszczak. — Researches on land- 

 ^sopoda, by C. von Vogl. — On some species oi Spermophihis, by 

 unst Schauer. — On the fungi-flora of Bohemia, by F. von 

 rhiimen. — On the occurrence of short-eared Arvicola near 

 /ienna, by Prof. L. H. Jeitteles. — On thermal constants and the 

 lower of accommodation in the vegetable kingdom, by Prof. 

 L Hoffmann. — Remarks on some ferns from the island of 

 'elebes, by M. Kuhn. — Botanical excursions in Italy, by Dr. C. 

 on Marchesetti. — Researches on some parasites infecting the 

 op plant, producing mildew and " kupferbrand " (copper- 

 urn), by Wilh, Voss. — Second paper, containing additional 

 emarks on the CecidoTiiyida of the Vienna district, by Dr. Franz 

 vOW. — Researches on yEolidiadce, by Dr. R. Bergh. — New 

 ^searches on Phyllidiadcu, by the same. — European Encyrtidce, 

 onsidered biologically and systematically, by Dr. G. Mayr (this 

 laper occupies some hundred pages). — Muscorum species nova, 

 y J. Juratzka. — Symbolse ad pteridographiam et Characeas 

 lungarice prsecipue Banatus, by Dr. V. de Borbas. — On some 

 .epidoptera, by A. F. Rogenhofer. — Researches made upon leaf 

 alls and their causes on Vitis vinifera, by G. von Haimhoffen. — 

 iix years' observations on the first appearances both in the animal 

 nd vegetable kingdoms at New Cologne near Milwaukee (Narth 

 Lmerica), by Th. A. Bruhin. — On the fljra of Lower Austria 

 second paper), by J. Wiesbaur. 



Poggendorff^s Annalen der Physikund Cheniie, No. 9, 1876. — 

 'his contains the following papers :— Experimental researches 

 n liquid friction in salt solutions, by M. Sprung. — On the 

 ummer rain season of Germany, by M. Hellmann. — Observa- 

 ion of the retardation in the progress of the induction current by 

 neans of tuning-fork apparatus, by M. v. Ettingshausen. — On the 

 yassage of strong induction currents through liquids, by M. 

 lerwig. — Contiibutions to electrodynamics, by M. Wand. — On 

 he dependence of the electric conductivity of selenium on heat 

 nd light ; the photography of tones, by M. Stein. — On the 

 lependence of the specific heat of mercury on the temperature, 

 )y M. Winkclmann.— An interesting aerostatic experiment, by 



M. Reauleaux. — On the theory of double refraction, by M. v. 

 Lang. 



The Naturforscher for October, 1876, contains the following 

 papers of interest : — On the specific power of substances in solu- 

 tion, to turn the plane of polarisation, by H. Landolt. — On the 

 uneven surface of meteorites, by M. Daubree. — On the nature of 

 milk globules and the formation of butter, by F. Soxhlet — On 

 some phenomena in the combustion of gases, by Kerr Horstmann. 

 — Note on the germ-leaf theory in botany, by Herr Famintzin. — 

 On the action of carbon bisulphide as a means for conserving 

 animal and vegetable substances, by Phil. Zoller. — On the 

 absorption of carbonic acid by saline solutions, by J. Setschenow. 

 — On the explosion-limits of mixtures of combustible ga.fes with 

 oxygen or atmospheric air, by A. Wagner. — On the first appear- 

 ance of the plants now living during geological periods, by Herr 

 de Saporta. — On the deep-sea temperatures in the South Pacific 

 and the circulation of waters from ocean to ocean ; speculative 

 remarks based upon the results of the Gazelle Expedition sent out 

 by the German Government, by Herr von Schleinitz. — On the 

 chemical composition of leaves, according to the age and species 

 of trees, by P. Fliche and L. Grandeau. — Hypothesis on the 

 nature of the soft aggregate state of matter, by L. Pfaundler. 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES 

 London 



Geological Society, November 8. — Prof. P. Martin Duncan, 

 F.R.S., president, in the chair. — Melville Attwood, San Fran- 

 cisco, and R. W. Moore, Whitehaven, were elected Fellows of 

 the Society. — The following communications were read : — A 

 short notice of a new exposure of rhretics near Nottingham, in a 

 letter from E. Wihon, F.G.S,, dated November 3, 1876. — Note 

 on the Red Crag, by W. Whitaker, P'.G.S- — On the Kessing- 

 land Cliff Section, and the relation of the forest-bed to the 

 Chillesford Clay, with some remarks on the so-called terrestrial 

 surface at the base of the Norwich Crag, by F. W. Harmer, 

 F.G.S. — Observations on the geology of East Anglia, &c., by 

 S. V. Wood, jun., F.GS., and F. W. Harmer, F.G.S., 

 &c. The subjects discussed in this paper were threefold, 

 viz. : — (i) The unfossiliferous smds of the Red Ci-ai;. (2) The 

 unconformity between the Lower and Middle Glacial de- 

 posits. (3) The mode in which the Upper and Middle 

 Glacial were accumulated. The views of the authors un-'er thi 

 first head were similar to and confirmatory of those advanced in 

 the previous paper by Mr. Whitaker ; but they pointed out that 

 the Red Crag, which these sands, in an altered form, represent, 

 could not belong to the Chillesford division of that formation, 

 by reason of the casts of shells which had been preserved not 

 comprising any of the more characteristic Chillesford species, 

 and of their including among them forms confined to the older 

 portions of the Red Crag. They also pointed out that the 

 Chillesford Clay had been removed over all the area occupied by 

 these sands by denudation prior to the deposition of the Middle 

 Glacial, which rests upon these sands wherever they occur. The 

 removal of the Chillesford Clay, the authors consider, was due 

 in part, if not in all, to the great denudation between the Lower 

 and Middle Glacial, which gave rise to the unconformity dis- 

 cussed under the second head. This unconformity they illustrate 

 by lines of section traversing most of the river valleys of Central 

 and East Norfolk and Suffolk. These show that such valleys 

 were excavated after the deposit of the Contorted Drift, and out 

 of that formation and the beds underl) ing it. They also show 

 that the Middle and Upper Glacial have been bedded into these 

 valleys, as well as spread (the middle only partially, but the 

 upper more uniformly) over the high grounds formed of contorted 

 drift out of which they were excavated, and thus generally con- 

 cealing that deposit, which manifests itself only in the form of 

 occasional protrusions through these later formations, but which 

 they consider constitutes, though thus concealed, the main mass 

 of the two counties. The authors also describe a glacial bed as 

 occurring at various localities in the bottom of some of these 

 valleys, and which in one case they have traced under the Middle 

 Glacial. This they regard as having been formed in the interval 

 between the denudation of the valleys and their subsequent sub- 

 mergence beneath the Middle Glacial sea ; and inasmuch as 

 such valley-bed invariably rests on the chalk in a highly glaciated 

 condition, they attribute its formation more probably than other- 

 wise to the "action of glaciers occupying the valleys during an 

 inter-glacial interval of dry land. They also suggest that if this 

 was so it is probable that that the forest and mammaliferous bed 



