6o 



NATURE 



[March io, 192 i 



in one group of these mines, that of the Ray Con- 

 solidated Copper Co., were estimated in 1916 as more 

 than 93,000,000 tons, averaging 203 per cent, ot 

 eopper; those in the Miami mines at 50,000,000 tons, 

 averaging i-6 per cent. ; and those in the Inspiration 

 mine at 97,000,000 tons, carrying 1-63 per cent. The 

 ore-bodies are large, irregular, flat-lying masses, and 

 consist partly of Pinal schist and partly of granite 

 and monzonite porphyry, carrying disseminated copper 

 ore, some being rtiore or less uniformly distributed 

 through the rock and some concentrated in threads 

 or veinlets. The copper occurs principally as chalco- 

 cite, though chalcopyrite is also met with. The 

 ore-deposits have apparently been formed by a process 

 of secondary enrichment upon rock that contained 

 relatively little copper. The latter is termed by the 

 author "protore," and apparently contained from 

 0-4 to 0-8 per cent, of copper. This "protore" 

 appears to have been formed by the action of thermal 

 alkaline sulphide waters carrying- copper in solution, 

 and there is considerable evidence that the presence 

 of great bodies of monzonite porphyry lying far deeper 

 than the present ore-bodies were in some way con- 

 nected with the presence of these hypogene solutions. 



University and Educational Intelligence. 



Cambridge. — H.R.H. the Prince of Wales will visit 

 the University to receive an honorary degree on 

 May 31 next. 



Mr. A. D. Browne has been elected to a fellowship 

 at Queens' College. Mr. W. M. Smart, Trinity Col- 

 lege, chief assistant at the observatory, has been 

 appointed to the John Couch Adams astronomership, 

 recently founded under a bequest by the late Mrs. 

 Adams. 



Smith's prizes have been awarded to L. A. Pars, 

 Jesus College, for an essay on "The General Theory 

 of Relativity," and to W. M. H. Greaves, St. John's 

 College, for an essay on " Periodic Orbits in the 

 Problem of Three Bodies." 



A course of thirty lectures on applied entomology 

 is to begin in the Easter term and Long "Vacation by 

 Mr. F. Balfour Browne for those students who wish 

 to complete their training for such work in the tropics 

 or in this country. 



Dr. Walter E. Collinge, of St. Andrews Univer- 

 sity, has been appointed keeper of the York Museum. 



The annual gathering of the South-Western Poly- 

 technic Institute, Chelsea, will be held to-morrow, 

 March 11. The chair will be taken at 8.15 p.m. by 

 Mr. C. H. St. J. Hornby (chairman of the governing 

 body), and a lecture will be given by Prof. A. Harden 

 on "Vitamins — Essential Constituents of Food." 



The National Union of Scientific Workers an- 

 nounces a public meeting to be held on Tuesday, 

 March 15, at 6 p.m., in the Geology Theatre, Royal 

 School of Mines*, South Kensington, when Mr. W. 

 Brierley will speak on " Personal Impressions of 

 American Biological Research." The chair will be 

 taken by Sir A. D. Hall. 



In view of the large demand for tickets for the 

 lecture on "Himalayan Exploration, with Special 

 Reference to Mount Everest," recently delivered by 

 Profs. J. N. Collie and E. J. Garwood at University 

 College, London, the lecture will be repeated on 

 Monday, March 21, at 5.15 p.m., at the college. The 



NO. 2680, VOL. 107] 



proceeds of the. lecture will be devoted to the College 

 Athletic Ground Fund, for which a sum of 6ooo^ is 

 needed. 



At a recent meeting of the Bristol University 

 Colston Society Committee it was decided to alter 

 the title of the society to Colston University Research 

 Society. Originally founded as the University Col- 

 lege Colston Society in 1899, its funds were applied 

 in the first instance to the General Sustentation Fund 

 of the college, and afterwards to a considerable extent 

 to propaganda work in connection with the proposed 

 Bristol University. On the establishment of the Uni- 

 versity the society automatically became the Univer- > 

 sity Colston Society. At the same time the decision 

 was made to apply the funds of the society henceforth 

 to the support of research work within the Univer- 

 sity. The new name, Colston University Research 

 Society, emphasises the fact that the society exists 

 to support research work within the University, and 

 should make it clear that the funds are devoted 

 entirely to facilitate and extend this work, the value 

 of which to the industrial and commercial world and 

 to the community at large cannot be over-estimated. 

 The annual dinner of the society is fixed for May 23, 

 being the day preceding Founder's Day, and this day 

 has been adopted now as a permanent date. The 

 president is Alderman F. Sheppard, and Sir William 

 Bragg, Quain professor of physics in the University 

 of London, has accepted the invitation to be present 

 as the guest of the society. The president-elect is Mr. 

 E. Walls. 



A very interesting and comprehensive course of six 

 lectures on Italian engineering is now being given 

 under the auspices of the University of London by 

 Prof. Luiggi, of the University of Rome, at the 

 Institution of Civil Engineers. In his first lecture, 

 presided over by the Italian Ambassador, Prof. Luiggi 

 outlined the subjects he proposed to consider, and 

 pointed out that an impelling motive of nearly all 

 modern engineering work in Italy was the necessity 

 of increasing the ifood production of the country by 

 irrigation and by the reclamation of marshy lands in 

 order to provide for a present population of about 

 40,000,000, which is increasing at the rate of 500,000 

 a year. Another vital problem is to develop their 

 great water-power resources owing to the scarcity of 

 fuels and the impossibility of paying for imported 

 coal and other fuels at present-day prices. In 

 southern Italy, where water is scanty, it has been 

 necessary to construct the Apulian aqueduct, nearly 

 1000 miles long, and by far the largest work of its 

 kind in the world. In his second lecture some im- 

 portant irrigation canals will be described and the 

 various schemes of reclaiming marshy land by 

 drainage canals, by silting up with muddy flood-water, 

 and by pumping. The main topic of the third lecture 

 will be the great hydro-electric installations, some of 

 which have units of 20,000 h.p. working under excep- 

 tionally high heads, as in the "Adamello," where an 

 available fall of 3000 ft. has been successfully utilised 

 for several years, although this working head will 

 be surpassed In other plants now under construction. 

 Applications of electrical power to railways will also 

 be descrit^d, as will an extremely interesting power 

 station at Larderello in Central Tuscany, in which 

 steam for three turbines, each of 4000 h.p., is derived 

 from volcanic heat tapped bv pipes driven to depths 

 of from 500 ft. to 600 ft. The University of London 

 is particularlv fortunate in having so distinguished 

 an authority and so able a lecturer as the president 

 of the Institution of Civil Engineers in Rome to give 

 this course of lectures to its students and the engineer- 

 ing world. 



