190 



National Resources Committee 



vestigations. But there is an extremely large number 

 of small businesses and industries. In 1933 there were 

 211,586 corporations with assets of less than $50,000, 

 besides a very large number of unincorporated enter- 

 prises. All of these enterprises would profit from busi- 

 ness research and the application of the results of such 

 studies. If it were properly organized both centrally 

 in AVashington in the proper Department and also in 

 the States, such research could be of great profit to 

 the people. Federal grants to the States for this pur- 

 pose would stimulate State appropriations and contribu- 

 tions from business and the ultimate sum spent would 

 be large. Research on business, seriously pressed in 

 each of the 48 States, would make an important force 

 to fight depressions and other economic ills. 



If such Federal grants are made, they should be in 

 the form of grants to the States, to be assigned by 

 each State to the proper institution for its most effec- 

 tive use. 



Another important but neglected item in the field 

 of business and industrial reseai'ch is research in labor 

 problems. Much valuable material of this nature is 

 currently collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 

 but the problem is one which should be studied locally 

 as well as by the Federal Govermuent. 



Engineenng Experiment Stations. — There are now 

 38 engineering experiment stations established in 

 land-grant institutions. These are spending over 

 $1,000,000 annually from State and local sources on re- 

 search in engineering. For many years Congress has 

 been urged to make grants to the States for this woi-lc. 

 Such grants are needed for the same reasons put for- 

 ward above for research in business. The small in- 

 dustry could be much aided by research, but is unable 

 to emploj- competent personnel or provide the necessary 



equipment. Industry throughout the Nation would be 

 greatly aided by such research. Should funds be 

 granted to the States for this purpose the funds should 

 be appropriated by the States in which such experiment 

 stations now are organized to strengthen their work, 

 and in other States to the public institution best fitted 

 to conduct such work for its organization. 



In both business and engineering, the experience of 

 agriculture would indicate that the best results would 

 be obtained by appropriating a small initial fixed 

 amount, perhaps $20,000 to each State. As the work 

 got under way this amount could well be increased by 

 rejnilar increments to from $40,000 to $60,000 a year. 

 After some such amount is reached, further grants 

 should be made as in the Bankhead-Jones Act, making 

 grants in amounts proportitonal to the needs of the 

 several States. 



Conclusion 



The research and the training of research workers, 

 as carried on in the educational institutions of Amer- 

 ica, are matters of great importance to the Nation. 

 This study is in the nature of an introduction to the 

 study of research in the universities and colleges as 

 a whole. So far both research and graduate training 

 have developed in each institution quite independently. 

 They have assumed very large proportions. This study 

 indicates that more unity and coordination will yield 

 better and greater returns for the money and effort 

 expended. It is hoped that this report will suggest 

 where further studies of various aspects of research 

 in the universities and colleges are needed. Develop- 

 ments in all lines have been rapid. Further and con- 

 tinuous study is needed to guide future developments 

 toward the greatest service to the people. 



APPENDIX 



Amount Spent by the Universities 

 and Colleges on Research 



The following grouping of institutions gives an idea 

 of the sums spent on research. About one-third of 

 these estimates have been confirmed by the authorities 

 in the respective institutions. The remainder are based 

 on the best evidence available and comparison with 

 institutions of similar type. The list is not complete. 

 Quite a number of colleges that are undoubtedly spend- 

 ing money on research are omitted. The estimates are 

 probably too low rather than too high. 



$2,000,000— Continued. 

 Harvard. 

 Illinois. 

 Michigan. 



Spending on Research in Ex- 

 cess of — 

 $2,000,000 : 

 California. 



Chicago. 

 Columbia. 



.$1,500,000-$2,000,000 : 

 Cornell. 



$l,500,000-$2,000,00O— Con. 



Minnesota. 



Wisconsin. 



Yale. 

 $1,000,000-$1,500,000 : 



Massachusetts Institute 

 of Technology. 



New York University. 



Ohio State University. 



University of Pennsyl- 

 vania. 

 .$500,000-51,000,000 : 



Duke. 



Indiana. 



University of Iowa. 



Iowa State College. 



Johns Hopkins. 



Missouri. 



Nebraska. 



Northwestern. 



$500,000-$1,000,000— Con. 



Pennsylvania State Col- 

 lege. 



Princeton. 



Purdue. 



Rochester. 



Rutgers. 



Stanford. 



Texas Agricultural and 

 MechanicaL 

 .$300,000-$500,000 : 



Cincinnati. 



Florida. 



Kansas State College. 



Kentucky. 



Louisiana. 



Michigan State College. 



University of Texas. 



Virginia. 



Washington (St. Louis). 



