﻿QLASTONBCTRY. 



GLIN, 



but when the spinning of cotton became an important branch of 

 manufacture in England, the capitalists of Glasgow lost no time in 

 embarking in the enterprise. The first steam-engine employed at a 

 Glasgow cotton-work was put up in 1792. Gla.sgow is now sur- 

 rounded by more than a hundred cotton factories. It is calculated 

 that there are 25,000 power-looms belonging to the city producing 

 daily 650,000 yards of cloth. Some of the establishment.^ are spinning 

 factories only ; some are weaving factories only ; some combine both ; 

 while there are a few which print also. The calico-printing estab- 

 lishments are of a very high order. The use of bleaching-powder, 

 and the Turkey red dye, were first introduced at Glasgow. Carpet 

 weaving, silk weaving, the shawl manufacture, woollen and worsted 

 manufactures, rope and sail-making, &c. are extensively carried oa 

 There are also large glass, porcelain, iron and other works in the 

 town and its immediate vicinity. 



Tho St. Rollox Chemical Works are the most extensive chemical 

 establishments in the world. The buildings occupy an immense 

 B<|uai-e, from which shoot up numerous chimneys. Many of these 

 chimneys are equal to the lai-ge.st in other towns ; but none of them 

 approach the immense chimney already mentioned. 



Oaa was introduced into Glasgow in 1817. It is now generally 

 ttsed in factories, shops, and dwelling-houses. There are two water 

 companies, which supply an average of 27 gallons daily to each 

 inhabitant. The luaessment for the poor of the old burgh in the 

 end of last century was about lOOOA; it is now nearly 50,000/. 

 annually ; for the whole modern city it is SO.OOOi. 



The Green of Glasgow covers an area of HO acres, extending along 

 the right bank of the Clyde, above the bridges for more than a mile, 

 without a single building. It was laid out and greatly improved 

 about 30 years ago, and 24 miles of good carriage-road were formed 

 around it. The Qreen was once the resort of the wealthy and fashion- 

 able; but the westward march of the city haa now left it pretty 

 much to the humbler classes of society. 



The Necropolis is situated immediately behind the east end of the 

 cathedral, from which it is separated by a narrow rivulet called tho 

 Moleudinar Burn, running along the bottom of a tolerably deep ravine. 

 Tho ground of which the Necropolis is formed rises 300 feet above 

 the bum, and is laid out and planted up to the summit, from which 

 tho view of the city is very commanding. A monument has been 

 erected hero to the memory of Jolm Knox. 



(Jommunicatioru, <tc. — Besides the small steamers which ran up and 

 down the Clyde between Glasgow and the various river-side towns on 

 the coasts of Argyleshire and Ayrshire, Loch Long, Loch Fyno, and 

 tho Gareloch, there are splendid vessels which trade rcgiiUrly to the 

 loading ports of England and Ireland. With every part of Knglnnd 

 and Scotland Glasgow is brought into direct communicition by nume- 

 rous railways ; the Union Canal pawes the northern, the Paisley and 

 Johnstone Canal the southern boimilary of the city. Tho ships of the 

 Clyde find their way to every part of the world. 



{New Slatutical Account of Scotland; Cleland, Enumeration of 

 Gltuyow ; McUre and Gibson, IIiatorie4 of Gla»<joxo ; Qlaayow Guides; 

 Land We Live In, voL ii; Commanicationa from Gtatgow; Parlia- 

 nentari/ Papert.) 



GLASTONBURY, Somersetshire, a market-town and municipal 

 borough in the parish of Glastonbury, is situated in 51° 8' N. lat, 

 T 42' W. long.; distant 24 miles 8.W. from Bath, and 124 miles 

 W.S.W. from London by road. The population of tho town and 

 parish of Glastonbury in 1851 was 3125. Tho borough is governed 

 by i nlilerraen and 12 councillors, one of whom is mayor. The livings 

 of St. John and St. Benedict are perpetual curacies in the archdeaconry 

 of Wells and diocese of Bath and Wells. 



Tho town of Glastonbury stands on an eminence which is nearly 

 insulated by mar:<hy flats. A monastery or abbey was established 

 here at an early period. Upon tho settlement of the Saxons, the spot 

 obtained the designation Glaestingbyrig. The monastery, which had 

 fallen into decay, was rebuilt with great splendour by Ina, king of 

 Wessex (about A.D. 708), and the establishment, enriched by the 

 liberality of successive princes, flourished till the period of the Danish 

 incursions, in the time of Kthelred I. and Alfred the Great Under 

 tho abbacy of the famous Dunstan, and by tho munificence of the 

 Anglo-Saxon kings, Edmund I. and Edgar, it regained its former 

 |>ro«perity, and was conformed to the rule of the Benedictines. At 

 the* Conquest, the abbot of Glastonbury was a iwrsonage of import- 

 ance in the Anglo-Saxon state ; but the jealousy of William, who 

 deposed the abbot and substituted a Norman in his room, and stripped 

 the abbey of many of its lands, depressed the establishment for 

 a while. It was however restored by the carefulness and influence of 

 •ubwquent abbots. The buildings were in great part rebuilt in the 

 reigns of Stephen and Henry II., and were subsequently repaired or 

 enlaiged. It became soon after this time a mitred abbey, and was 

 for n short period annexed Ut the bishopric of Wells, which was 

 during this interval called the bishopric of GUistonbury. At the time 

 of the suppression, Kichard Whiting, the abbot, who resisted the 

 measures of Henry Vllf., was, upon a charge of denying the king's 

 supremacy, tried, and hanged on tho a'ljacoiit emiucnco of the Tor 

 Mill, in 1539. The yearly revenue at the dinsolution was 3508/. Via. 4J(/. 

 gross, or 331U. 7». i\d. clear. The reputution of Olastoubury lor 

 ■auctity did nut cease at the Ueformntion. As late as 1750 and 1751, 



crjwd.s of iavalids, to the number iu one mouth (llixy, 1751) of ten 

 thousand, flocked to Glastonbury in consequence of the account of a 

 wonderful cure wrought by drinking tlie water of a spring near the 

 town. We are not told how long the delusion lasted. 



The town consists of several streets ; four of these inclose a quad- 

 rangular space, in which are the ruins of tho abbey; from tho corners 

 of this quadrangle other streets extend. The houses are generally 

 low, and many of them have been built with stones taken from tho 

 ruins of the abbey. The rem:vin3 of this splendid structure consist of 

 some fragments of the church, the chapel of St. Joseph of Arimalhea, 

 and what is called the abbot's kitchen. The ruins of the cliurch, 

 which was cruciform, consist of two of the pillars which supported 

 the central tower, some portions of the walls of the choir, and a 

 fragment of the wall of the nave. The architecture belongs to the 

 period of transition from the Norman to early English, with some 

 portions of later date. The whole length of the church was 3S0 feet, 

 the breadth of the choir and its aisles 70 feet. St. Joseph's chapel is 

 in better preservation than the church, at the west end of which it is 

 placed, and with which it communicates by an ante-chapel, of some- 

 what later date ; both however belong to tho same transition period 

 as the church, but are of a more enriched charact .r. St. Joseph's 

 chapel is one of the very finest specimens existing of this transition 

 style. The length of the chapel and ante-chapel together is IIU feet, 

 the breadth 25 feet The abbot's kitchen is a small building of the 

 late perpendicular period. Tho roof is surmounted by a double 

 lantern. Glastonbury has two parish churches, both elegant struc- 

 tures in the perpendicular style, with graceful towers, Tho market 

 cross is ancient. The only municipal building of importaiice is the 

 town hall. On a hill near the town is what is called the ' Tor," a 

 tower, which is the only portion remaining of a chapel dedicated to 

 St. Benedict It is of the decorated style, of beautiful though simple 

 composition, and very perfect in its details. There are places of 

 worship for Independents, Baptists, Wesloyan Methodists, and (Quakers. 

 The silk manufacture is carried on to a small extent iu Glastonbury, 

 and some hosiery and coarse gloves are niiwle. A canal connects the 

 town with the Bristol Channel by the river Bure, and aflbrJs facilities 

 for the export of agricultural produce, timber, slates, tiles, &o. 

 The market is on Saturday ; fairs are held on the Wednesday iu Easter 

 week, September lyth, October 10th, and on the Monday week after 

 November 30th. 



GLATZ. [Silesia.] 



GLAUCHAU. [Zwickau.] 



GLENAUM. [Axtbim] 



GLENCOE. [Augylesuibe] 



GLENUALE, a K:ard iu the northeiii part of the county of 

 Northumberland, which has been constituted a Poor-Law Union. 

 Glendale Ward (East and West Divisions) contains U parishes, with 

 an area of 109,810 acres, and a population in 1851 of 12,522. Glendale 

 Poor-Law Union, the bounds of which are more extensive thim those 

 of the Wai-d, contains 45 parishes and townships, with an aiea of 

 143,ti05 acres, and a population in 1851 of 14,348. 



GLENDALOUGH. [Wicklow.] 



GLENELG, lllVEH. [Ausikallv.] 



GLENNAMAUDY, Galway county, Ireland, a village, and tho 

 seat of a Poor-Law Union iu the parish of Boyouuagh, is situated in 

 63' 36' N. lat, 8' 35' W. long., distant about 30 miles N.E. from 

 Galway, and 126 miles W. by N. from Dublin. The population of 

 the village iu 1JJ51 was 160. Glenuamaddy Poor-Law Union com- 

 prises la electoral divisions, with an area of 100,319 acres, and a 

 population in 1851 of 23,722. Tho village is situated iu a wild uncul- 

 tivated district, and possesses nothing of general interest. A dispeusai'y 

 is maintained iu connection with the Poor-Law Union. 



GLEXTiES, Donegal county, Ireland, a small town and the seat 

 of a Poor-Law Union in the parish of luniskeel, is situated iu a 

 glen in the midst of a wild mountiiinous country, iu 54^ 47' N. lat, 

 S" 17' W. long., distant about 14 miles N. W. by JS. from Donegal, 

 and 160 miles N.W. fiora Dublin. The population of the town iu 

 1851 was 506, exclusive of 279 in the workhouse. Gleuties Poor- 

 Law Union comprises 27 electoral divisions, with an area of 257,434 

 acres, and a population iu 1851 of 40,103. The town has been con- 

 sider.^bly improved during the last few years by the Marquis of 

 Cunyngham, of whose domains the district forms a part It consists 

 chiefly of one street A chapel has been recently built. There are 

 here a National school, a sessions house, a police barrack, a corn- 

 mill, and a corn-.'^tore for the district. 



GLIN, Limerick county, Ireland, a market-town and sea-port, and 

 the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in tho parish of KiU'erj^us, is situated 

 on tho left bank of the iustuai-y of the Shannon, iu 52" 33' N. lat., 

 9" Is' W. long., distant 31 miles W. by S. from Limerick, and 150 4 

 miles W.S.W. from Dublin. The population of the town iu 1S51 

 was 1243. Olin Poor-Law Union comprises 13 electoral divisions, 

 with an area of 60,666 acres, and a population in 1851 of 

 17,631. 



Gliu possesses a good trade in butter and grain, for which there is 

 a market iu the town. There are here an Episcopal church ami a 

 lioman Catholic chapel. Uliu Castle was besieged and taken by Sir 

 George Carew iu lUUO, when most of the garrison were put to the 

 sword. Tho remains of the ancient castle are iu a dilapidated state. 



