﻿GRACIAS-ADIOS. 



GRANADA. 



63 



been discovered near the town of Smithfield, on the Caledon River, 

 about 160 miles N.E. by N. from Graaf Reynettown. The quality of 

 the gold found was pronounced to be fine, and the quantity promised 

 to be abundant. The gold was found imbedded in quartz. Oue nugget 

 picked up within the first week weighed 88 grains : the pursuit how- 

 ever has not been very vigorously followed out, probably because the 

 gold district itself is within what was called the Sovereignty, and which 

 no longer forms a part of the colony of the Cape of Good Hope. 



GRACIAS-A-DIOS. [Guatemala.] 



GUACIOSA. [Azores; Casames.] 



GRADISKA. [Bosnha.] 



GR.flCIA MAGNA. [Magxa Grj:cia.] 



GRAHAM'S TOWN. [Albany ; Cape of Good Hope.] 



GRAMMONT. [Flasdebs, East.] 



GRAMPIAN MOUNTAINS. [Gkeat Brptais.] 



GRAMPOUND. [Cornwall.] 



GRAN, a town in Hungary, is situated on a hill on the right bank 

 of the Danube, nearly oppo-slte the mouth of the Gran, in 47° 47' 

 N. lat., 18" 45' E. long., and has about 12,000 inhabitants. It is a 

 royal free town, and gives title to an archbishop, who is primate of 

 Hungary. It has a strong castle on a rocky island in the Danube, 

 which has undergone several sieyes, and at the foot of which are warm 

 baths. Among other public buildings are the cathedral and chapter- 

 house, the house of assembly and town-hall, a gymnasium conducted 

 by Benedictines, which has about 350 scholars, three Roman Catholic 

 churches, a Greek church, an abbey, an hospital, and a Franciscan 

 monastery. The cathedral wag commenced in 1821, and though 

 unfinished is, it is said, the most magnificent modem building in 

 Hungary : it is bailt in the Italian style, on a height the site of a 

 former fortress, and forms a conspicuous object from the Danube. 

 Gran has seven suburbs, of which the ' Water-town,' at the foot of 

 the castle, which is connected with the town by a flying bridge, 

 belongs to the archbishop. The weaving and dyeing of woollen 

 cloths is the chief employment of the inhabitants. Gran is supposed 

 by many to have been foimded by the Romans. It is the birthplace 

 of St. Stephen, king and patron of Hungary, and was long the resi- 

 dence of Hungarian kings. The Turks held it for 70 years preceding 

 1683, when they were finally driven out of it by John Sobieslu, king 

 of Poland. 



GRAN CANARIA. [Caxaries.] 



OIIANA'DA, an ancient kingdom and province of Spain, included 

 in the territorial division of Andalucia, is bounded N. by the province 

 of Jaen, N. and N.HL by that of Murcia, N.R and E. by those of 

 Scvilla and Cordova, and S. and E. by the Hediterraoean Sea. It is 

 situated between 86° 16' and 38° 4' N. lat., 1° 38' and 6° SV W. long. 

 The greatest length east to west is about 200 miles ; the greatest 

 width north to south is aboat 140 miles; but the greater part is 

 much narrower. The area is 9622 square miles : the population in 

 1849 was 1,157,584. It is now divided into three modem provinces, 

 as follows : — 



Fravinee*. 



Square MUea. 





Graaida . . . ) 

 AInwTia. . . [ 

 Malaga . . . . ) 



0622 



427,250 

 202,334 

 438,000 



Total .... 



9622 



1,157,»84 



A general description of the provinces comprised in Andalucia is 

 given under that head. [Ahdalucia.] The province of Granada is 

 almost entirely mountainous. It includes the lofty mountains of the 

 Sierra Nevada, the Sierra de Ronda, and other ranges connected with 

 them. The Monies de Granada divide it from the province of Jaen. 

 The Sierra de Sagra and Sierra de Aguaderas separate it from the 

 province of Murcia. The only plain of great extent is the beautiful 

 Vega of Granada. The Rio Jenil (Xenil) passes by the city of 

 Granada, below which it receives the Darro, and theu flows north- 

 westward to the Guadalquivir. Most of the other rivers flow southward 

 to the Mediterranean SesL The largest of these are the Rio de Almeria, 

 the Rio Adra, the Rio Guadalfeo, the Rio de Velez, and the Rio 

 Guadaljorce. 



Towm. — The city of Granada is the capital of the province. 

 [GkaSada.] Adra, 65 miles S.E. from Granada, stands at the mouth 

 of the Rio Adra, where there is a small port, "rhe inhabitants of the 

 town are chiefly employed in the neighbouring lead and silver mines : 

 population, 7400. Athama, 30 miles S.S.W. from Granada, is situated 

 oil the northern slope of the Sierra Tejada, at n great elevation above 

 the level of the sea. Alhama (the Bath) is frequented for its warm 

 sulphureous baths, which are about a mile from the town. The prin- 

 cipal bath ia in a Moorish edifice, which remains unaltered. It is from 

 30 to 40 feet long, and the greater part of it is filled by the water 

 wbioh issue* from the main spring. The temperature at the source 

 ia 104° Fahrenheit. Another large building has been erected by the 

 present proprietor to accommodate all classes of viHitors, and the 

 whole seems to bo very well conducted. The old town stands on a 

 sort of peninsula nearly surrounded by a deep ravine in which the 

 river flows, and is only connected with the new town by a narrow 

 neck of rooky laud, which is now a public walk, and across which 



water ia conducted by an aqueduct. In the Moorish times it 

 formed a strong position. The modern town is tolerably well 

 built. The old town is becoming ruinous : population of the 

 two towus, 6280. Almeria, 83 miles E.S.E. from Granada, ia 

 the capital of the modem province of Almeria. It haa a con- 

 venient harbour, at the mouth of the Rio de Almeria, in a well- 

 sheltered bay. The town stands at the bottom of the bay, at 

 the foot of an eminence on which ia a fortified caatle. The bay 

 is extensive, and the harbour was formerly of importjmce. The 

 houses of the town are all flat-roofed. Cotton and sugar are 

 cultivated in the plain, which extends some distance eastward towards 

 the C«bo de Gata : the population in 1845 was 17,800. Baza, 60 

 miles E.N.E. from Granada, occupies a hollow in the midst of its 

 fertile hoya, or basin. In summer the heat is iuteuse and oppres- 

 sive in the highest degree. Baza ia a bishop'a see, and has a cathe- 

 dral : the population, including military, is 11,485. Btrja, 63 

 miles E.SiE. from Granada, is a busy, flourishing, and increas- 

 ing town, at the foot of the Sierra de Gador, and in the centre 

 of the lead-mines, which are very numerous in the vicinity. Smelting 

 and flattening machinery have been erected ou the coast, whence asses 

 and mules carry the ore to be exported from the port of AcU-a, which 

 is 7 miles distant from Berja : population, 9840. Giuidix, 32 miles 

 E. by N. from Granada, stands on the western bank of the Guadiana 

 Menor. Like Baza, it lies in a hollow, and the first objects beheld 

 on approaching it are the gray roofs of the houses in the midst of fruit- 

 trees and foliage. It is inclosed by old walls, and surrounded by 

 mulberry plantations, and contains a cathedral and an old castle : 

 population, 1051. Maetcar, 75 miles N.E. from Granada, contains a 

 population of about 6000, who manufacture some woollen cloths, and 

 weave woollen and linen fabrics. Loja, 30 miles W.S.W. from 

 Granada, occupies the mouth of a gorge in which the Jeuil traverses 

 a narrow valley between high and rugged hills. The greater part of 

 the town is built on the western slopes, the houses rising above each 

 other so as often to have the floor of oue nearly ou a level with the 

 roof of another. A suburb occupies the slopea of the opposite sierra, 

 and communicates with the town by a bridge. The town contains 

 three churches and two hospitals, and there are manufaotm'es of 

 coarse woollens and paper : population, 15,000. Malaga, 55 miles 

 S.W. from Granada, is the capital of the province of Malaga. The 

 city is encircled by an amphitheatre of hills, and is built at the 

 bottom of a wide bay with deep water and sheltering promontories, 

 while inland it is surrounded by a narrow but fruitful plain backed 

 by vine-clad hills. The harbour ia formed by a mole 700 feet long 

 (on which is a lighthouse) ; it is large enough for about 450 merchant- 

 ships, and may be entered with any wind. The town is spread 

 irregularly along the margin of the bay, and consists mostly of narrow, 

 ill-paved, and dirty streets. The cathednU occupies an elevation in the 

 centre. It is unfiuished, of a mixed Spanish and Italian architecture, 

 and with a spire 302 feet high. The city contains also a bishop's 

 palace, four parish churches, five hospitals, an opera-house, theatre, 

 bull-arena, custom-house, and convict-depots The old Moorish dock- 

 yard is used as a store-house. On the eastern side of the bay a rocky 

 height is covered with remains of fortifications, the summit being 

 crowned by the Qibralfaro, a fortified castle, formerly surmounted by 

 a pharos, or lighthouse. Malaga has an active trade in raisins, grapes, 

 wines, olive-oil, figs, almonds, oranges, and lemons. The imports are 

 mostly salt-fish, iron-manufactures, and colonial produce. The chief 

 manufactures are cloth, ropes, leather, paper, and soap. There are 

 two iron-foundries actively wrought by English capitalists, and there 

 is a royal cigar-manufactory. The Alameda, or public walk, is a noble 

 promenade adorned with trees and fountains, and bordered by a long 

 range of stately dwellings: the population of the city in 1845 was 65,865. 

 Mala^'a was the Malaca of the llomans, who had a flourishing colony 

 here. Marbella, 32 miles S.W. from Malaga, stands on the Mediterra- 

 nean Sea, and has a small port fit for fishing purposes. Sugai'-refluing 

 and tanning are the other chief occupations of the population, who 

 amount to about 6000. Mutril, 43 miles S.S.E. from Granada, is 

 situated in a fertile plain near the coaat of the Mediterranean Sea, 

 but is not a sea-port. Sugar, cotton, silk, and fi-uits are cultivated in 

 the vicinity : population, 12,700. Ronda, 80 miles W.S.VV. from 

 Granada, and 42 miles W.N.W. from Malaga, stands at a great eleva- 

 tion, and is the capital of the Serrauia de Honda. It consists of two 

 towns, sej)arated from each other by a deep chasm, the bottom of 

 which is the bed of the Guadiaro. An ancient bridge of great strength 

 spans the chasm by a single arch of 110 feet. The old town, encircled 

 by Moorish walls, stands on the top of a precipitous rock, and contains 

 a ruined Moorish palace. The modern town is regularly laid out. The 

 principal streets are long and wide, and the houses are whitewashed, 

 and look very clean. They are all furuished with balconies, which 

 are decked with flowers. The Plaza de Toros (bull-arena) is one of 

 the largest in Spain, and there is also a theatre. There are several 

 churches. Ronda is a very gay place, and is much resorted to by 

 Cdutrabandistas for smuggling purposes. There is a great annual fair 

 h -Id here, chiefly for the purpose of buying and selliug horses. It ia 

 attended by English merchants from Gibraltivr. There are manufac- 

 tures of woollens, leather, flannel, silk-stuff's, and numerous water- 

 mills driven by the stream of .the Guadiaro : the population iu 1845 

 was 15,943. Ujijar, 63 miles W.N.W. from Granada, stands on the 



