﻿e» 



ORANADA. 



ORXTZ. 



north bank of th« Rio Adn. It U an old Mooriih Tillage, with iUt 

 rooCi and latticed wiodowi, and green plot* of garden attached to 

 each dwelling. It is the capital of the Alpujarraa. Orapea grow on 

 terruea, and in luch deeliTities that the peasant* are let down hj 

 rope* to gather them : population, 30OO. Yda-Malaga, 18 milea E. 

 fVom Malaga, is a poor but populous town in a very fertile district. 

 It it crowned by a Hooriah caxtle in ruins, and backed by a rugged 

 sierra. It was formerly a port, but the aea has reoeded. Fine jaspers 

 nre rniind in the neiglilxitirhood : population, 16,000. Vera, 42 miles 

 K.W. from Almeria, stAods near the shore of the Heditetraiiean Sea, 

 and has a small harbour, whence an active fishery is carried on. 

 Kitre is manufactured, and there ia a small import and export trade : 

 population, 8470. 



(Ford, Handbook of Spain ; Hadoz, Diecionario de Etpafia.) 

 QKANA'DA, a city of Spain, capital of the ancient kingdom and 

 province of Granada, and of the modem province of the same name. 

 It is the see of an archbishop, and the residence of a captain-general. 

 It is situated in 87° 17' N. lat., 3° 50' W. long. The population in 

 1845 was 70,000. It is 2445 feet above the level of the sea, an elevation 

 which renders it a delightful summer residence. It is built partly on 

 the slopes and partly in the valleys between two hills overlooking the 

 extensive and fertile plain called the Vega de Granada. One of the 

 two hills is surmounted by the Moorish palace and fortress called the 

 Alhambra. The other hill is occupied by the suburb ciilled the 

 Albaycin. The suburb called the Antequerula is built in the plain. 

 The city itself is encircled by high walls in ruins, flanked by strong 

 towers. The small river Darro flows through it ; the Jenil flows out- 

 side the south wall, and receives the Darro a little lower down. The 

 streets are for the most part narrow and irregular. The houses, 

 tolerably well built, exhibit the Moorish taste, the exteriors being 

 heavy and gloomy, with projecting balconies and flat roofs; the 

 interiors convenient, and suitable to the climate. There are several 

 good squares, of which the three principal are — El Campo, La Plaza 

 Mayor, and La Bivarambla, the. last containing a handsome fouutain 

 of jasper. There are many other fountains and jets-d'eau, which 

 refresh the air as well as supply water to the inhabitants. The great 

 object of attraction to those who visit Granada is the Alhambra. 

 [Alhambra.] The cathedral, though irregular, is a splendid struc- 

 ture, profusely ornamented with jasper and coloiured marbles from the 

 quarries of the neighbourhood. Beneath its fine dome, which rests 

 on twelve arches, supported by as many pilasters, stands the high 

 altar, on the decoration of which the wealth of the kingdom was 

 lavished. Aimexed to it is the Capilla de los Reyes, where the bodies 

 of Ferdinand and Isabella are deposited. The figures and ornaments 

 of these sepulchral monuments are greatly admired. Besides the 

 cathedral there are 23 parish churches. Many of the numerous con- 

 vents have been converted to educational and other secular purposes, 

 and others have been taken down to make room for architectural 

 improvements. The other public buildings are— the archbishop's 

 palace, the university, 6 colleges, 10 hospitals, 2 prisons, a theatre, 

 and many schools. IThe chief manufacture is that of sewing silk. 

 The public walks on the banks of the Jenil and the Darro are 

 (It'lightfuL The Vega of Granada has an extent of about 70 miles in 

 length by 20 miles in width. 



'i'be city of Granada was founded by the Moors in the 10th century, 

 and was at first subject to the khalifs, or kings of Cordova. In 1235 

 it became the capital of the new kingdom of Granada, and was soon 

 diatingiiiabed for its riches and power, the splendour of its edifices, 

 nud its pro gre s s in arts and industry. It offered a long resistance to 

 the Christian kings of Spain. In 1492 it was taken by Fernando 

 and Isabel after a siege of twelve months. It is said to have then 

 contained 400,000 inhabitants. 



OKANADA, NKW. [New GBAJfADA.] 



GKANAKD, county of Longford, Ireland, a market-town, and the 

 sent of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Granord, is situated in 

 63° 47' N. lat, 7° 25' W. long., distant about 17 miles E.N.E. from 

 Longforxl, and 70 miles W.N.W. firom Dublin. The population of 

 the town in 1851 was 1805, besides 1855 in the Union workhouse. 

 Oranard Poor-Law Union comprises 36 electoral divisions, with an 

 ansa of 184,004 acres, and a population in 1861 of 41,473. 



Bmides the parish church, there are in Oranard a Roman Catholic 

 eh^wl. National schools, a sessions house, a market-house, and a dis- 

 pensary. A market for agricultural produce is held weekly, and fairs 

 are held on January 16th, May 3rd, August 15th, and October 1st 

 Some ooarw linen is manufactunxl. On the top of a high artificial 

 mound are v>'sti);e« of an encampment. 



OHAM) BAHAMA. [Bahamas.] 



OKANI) BANK. [NEwrooxDljk^iiD.] 



OKANI) lUVEK. [Cakada.] 



OKANI) .SEUKE. [Dhomb.) 



aUAN<;i;MilI'Tll. [STiRU.\<J8nmE.] 



ORANTHAM, Lincolnshire, a municipal and parliamentary borough, 

 market-town, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of 

 Oraatham, is' situated on the tight bank of the river Witham, in 

 52* 66' N. lat, 0' 87' W. long., disUnt 30 miles S. by W. from Lincoln, 

 110 mile* M.N.W. from London by road, and 105 miles by the Great 

 Korthem railway. The population of the municipal borough in 1851 

 was 6875; that of the parliameutaiy borough was 10,873. The 



boroogh b goremed by 4 aldermen and 12 ooonoillors, one of whom 

 is mayor; and returns two members to the Imperial Parliament The 

 living ia a rioange, with the vioarage of Braoeby annexed, in the arch- 

 deaconry and diocese of Lincoln. Grantham Poor-Law Union con- 

 tains 6S parishes and townships, with an ana of 99,219 acres, and a 

 population in 1851 of 29,851. 



Grantham ia situated a short distance westward of the ancient 

 Ermine-street The first oharter of incorporation is that of Henry 

 VI. in 1463. The borough was first represented iu Parliament in the 

 7th Edward IV., since which time it has continued to return two mem- 

 ber& The townoonsistsohieflyoffour streets, called respectively Castle- 

 gate-, Weetgate-, Watergate-, and Swinegate-street ; it is well paved, 

 cleaned, and lighted with gas. The public buildings are the guildhall, 

 and the borough jaiL The parish church, a beautiful specimen of 

 the style of the 13th century, has an elegant spire, 273 feot high. 

 The Independents, Wesleyan Methodists, Countess of Huntingdon's 

 Connexion, and Roman Catholics have places of worship. The Free- 

 Grammar school of Grantham was founded by Richard Fox, bishop 

 of Winchester, in 1528, and subsequently endowed by Edward VI. ; it 

 has an income from endowment of 8001. a year, and provides eight exhi- 

 bitions to either university, two scholarships of 202. per annum at St 

 John's College, Cambridge, and two of 40/. each at Sidney Sussex 

 College, Cambridge. The school had 72 scholars in 1852. At this 

 school Newton received his classical education previous to entering 

 Trinity College, Cambridge. Woolsthorpe, about 8 miles from 

 Grantham, was his birthplace. 



In Grantham are National, British, Infant, and Charity schools ; a 

 literary and scientific institution ; a savings bank ; a dis|>ensary ; 

 almshouses; and several minor charities. In the town are some 

 remains of religious houses. An ancient conduit still supplies excel- 

 lent water. Grantham is connected with the Trent by a canal 30 

 miles long, which is supplied with water by means of large reservoirs. 

 The trade consists principally iu malt, com, and coal : there is a 

 paper-mill, and at Spittlegate, near the town, is a manufactory of 

 agricultural implements. ■ The market-day is Saturday : five fairs are 

 held in the year for sheep and cattle. 



(History of the County of Lincoln; Tumor, Collection; Parlia- 

 mentary Paper* ; Communication from Qrantham.) 



GRANTON. [EDiNunROHSHiBK.] 



GRANVILLE. [Manche.] 



GRASLITZ. [Eoeb.] 



QHASMERE. [Wkstmorkland.] 



GRASSE. [Vab.] 



GRATZ, an episcopal city in Austria, capital of the crownland of 

 Styria and of the circle of GrtitS!, is beautifully situated on the Mur, 

 about 1040 feet above the level of the sea, in 47° 4' N. lat., 15° 20' 

 E. long., and has about 40,000 inhabitants, or, including the garrison, 

 50,000. It consists of the Inner Town, which lies between the 

 eastern bank of the Mur and the Castle-hill (Schlossberg), and four 

 suburbs, namely, the Murstadt, on the western bank of the Mur, con- 

 nected with the town by two bridges, and the Jokomiui, Miiut/.^iaben, 

 and Leonhardt suburbs, on the eastern bank. The village of Geidorf 

 is also reckoned as part of Qratz. The whole circuit is about 7 miles. 

 The Inner Town covers less than a sixth part of the area; it is 

 separated by high ramparts and by a glacis from the suburbs. The 

 glacis is planted with avenues of chestnut-trees, upon which six gates 

 open towards the river and suburbs. The city is in the old style of 

 building ; the streets are narrow and irregular. It contains an open 

 triangular spcMse, the Place of the Corps de Garde, and the Carme- 

 lites' -square ; St Agidi's cathedral church, a pothic structure built by 

 the emperor Frederick IV. in the middle of the 15th century, all the 

 altars in which are finely sculptured iu marble ; and uoar it, St 

 Catherine's chapel, the handsomest specimen of architecture iu the 

 town, built as a mausoleum by Ferdinand II., who lies interred hers 

 with his consort, mother, and eldest son ; the Imperial Burg, with its 

 tower, opposite the cathedral, where the princes of .Styria formerly 

 resided, and iu which there are a number of Roman antiquities ; tho 

 Landhaus, where the nobility hold their sittings, which contains an 

 ancient armoury, many archives, &c. ; the town-hall ; the university 

 buildings, containing a library of 44,000 volumes, a museum, && ; 

 the arsenal, a theatre, several palaces of the Styrian nobility, &c 

 Between two of the gates on the east side of the Inner Town, the 

 Castle-hill, a mass of limestone, which rises 300 feet above the town, 

 has the ruins of the castle on its summit, and is laid out iu planta- 

 tions and gardens, from the walks in which are presented fine views 

 of the valley of tlio Mur and the surrounding couutry. 



The Murstadt is the finest and most extensive of the suburbs of 

 OriitE, being embellished with several handsome buildiugs and 

 gardens. The Jakoinini suburb has handsome and mostly regular 

 streets, an equestrian riding-house, &c ; ami the Leonhardt suburb, 

 to the north and north-east of the Castle-hill, occupies a large space 

 of ground at the foot of several hills, and ia embellish«l with 

 agreeable villas and gardens. 



Oriitz contains altogether 22 churches and chapels, five monasteries, 

 and two nunneries, an Ursuline seminary for females, an institution 

 called the Jobamieum, foimded by the archduke Johann in 1811, 

 and comprising a cabinet of muienJs, museum of botany, a library of 

 32,000 volumes, collections in gcologj', experimental philosophy, and 



