﻿OEBSKOCK. 



QBEKABA. 



QRERNOCK, R«nft«wdiire, SootUnd, a parliunenUry burgh, 

 ■— p a it , and market-town, in the parish of Oreenook, ia situated on 

 Urn Uft bank of the Mtoanr of the Clyde, 22 niilea W. by N. from 

 Oiugow, in 55* 57' N. bt, V 55' W. long. The population in 18S1 

 w>a $8,889. The town i* governed by a proroat and 15 ooundllors, 

 and rettuna one member to the Imperial Parliament. 



<]iT«noek is situated on rising ground. The east end of the town, 

 which is called Cartsdyke, is occupied with manufiictoriea, the west 

 and with the Tillas of merchants and professional men. In the 

 beginning of the 18th century the harbour was small, and fit only for 

 the reception of fishing-boata. Since then it haa be«n enlarged and 

 improTed, and dry docks have been oonatructed. Outside the harbour 

 is depth of water and anchorage for Teasels of any burden ; but the 

 roadstead is narrowed by a sandbank of considerable breadth which 

 ■tretohes from Dumbarton to a little below the town. The principal 

 ■treet is about a mile in length, and runs parallel to the quay. There 

 are aereral ship-building yuds, extensive sugar-works, and one large 

 manufactory of machinery, Laige quantities of herrings are cured, 

 and there are several veaaels employed in the Newfoundland and 

 Nova Sootia fisheries. Rope and sail-making, block-making, and the 

 other occupations of s sea-port constitute the branches of industry 

 pnrsued by the inhabitants. In 1851 there were in Oreenock 26 

 plaeea of worship, of which 7 belonged to the Free Church, 6 to the 

 Established Church, 4 to the Unit^ Presbyterian Church, 2 to Bap- 

 tists, and 8 to other bodies. The number of sittings provided in all 

 was 20,441. There are a grammar school, several congregational and 

 other public schools, a mechanics institute with a library of 2500 

 Tolumes and a reading-room, the Greenock library which has 10,000 

 volumes, the Carts<lyke mechanics' library with 2200 volumes, and 

 8 congregational libraries with an aggregate of about 3300 volumes. 

 Oreenock is oonneoted with QIasgow by railway. All the steamers of 

 the Clyde touch at the port. An abun<lant supply of water is 

 obtained from a huge artificial lake on the hills about six miles from 

 the town. The stream from the water-works drives several water- 

 mills in its course, the most important of which is an extensive cotton- 

 spinning mill, which hss a water-wheel 70 feet in diameter, being the 

 largest in Britain. Oreenock is well lighted with gas. The buildings 

 of importance include the customhouse, situated on the quay, a large 

 and handsome Orecian building, the Tontine Hotel, and the Exchange 

 buildings. The town possesses a jail, an infirmary, and several chari- 

 table institutions. The public library occupies a lai^e buildiug in 

 Union-street, erected at the expense of Mr. Watt of Soho, in which is 

 a statue by Chantrey of the celebrated James Watt, his grandfather, 

 who was a native of Oreenock. Carttdyhe, the east end of Greenock, 

 was made a buigh of barony by Charles I. It has a small quay, but 

 is included in the parliamentary boundaries of Greenock. 



The vessels registered at the port of Oreenock on December Slst, 

 1853, were 220 of an aggregate tonnage of 6209, and 184 having an 

 aggregate burden of 65,677 tons ; two steam-vessels of 47 tons aggre- 

 gate burden, and 12 of 1965 tona During 1853 there entered the 

 port in the wmstjng trade, 574 sailing-vessels, tonnsge 38,328, and 214 

 ■team-Teasela, tonnage 89,511 ; the clearings in the coasting trade 

 were 162 sailing-vessels, tonnage 8662, and 102 steam-veswis, tonnage 

 10,752. In the colonial trade there entered 224 sailing-vessels, 

 tonnage 84,454, and one steam-vessel, tannage 190 ; and there cleared 

 103 sailing-veassls, tonnage 34,899, and 3 steam-vessels, tonnage 644. 

 In the foreign tnule 54 British and 39 foreign vkssels entered, tonnage 

 SS,894 ; and 47 British and 45 foreign vessels cleared, tonnage 32,062 ; 

 one British atcam-Tsasel of 336 tons entered, and two foreign steam- 

 Tssssls deared, tonnage 675. The amonnt of customs duties received 

 at the port dnring 1851 was 410,20«. lOs. M. 



(New StaiiHieal Aecount of Scotland ; Parliamentary Paptrs.) 



OREEN WICU, Kent, a market-town, a parliamentary borough, and 

 the seat of a Poor- Law Union, chiefly in the parish of Qreenwich, is situ- 

 ated on the right bank of the river Thames, in 51° 28' N. Ut, 0' 0' 

 W. long., Qreenwich observatory being the point from which in Britiah 

 maps and charts the longitude of all other places is calculated. It is 

 diaUnt from Canterbury 47 miles N.W. by W., and from London 

 fi miles E. by S. The population of the Parliamentary borough was 

 105,784 in 1851. The borough returns two members to the Imperial 

 Parliament. Greenwich Poor-Lnw Union contains four parishes with 

 an area of 4800 acres, and a population in 1851 of 99,365. 



The ehisf object of iuUt st iu Greenwich is the Royal HoapttaL It 

 oeonpiaB the site of an old palace called Greenwich House, Plaoentia, 

 or ' toe Pleaaaonce,' a favourite residence of several sovereigns, par- 

 tioalariv of Henry VIL, Henry VIIL, Edward VI., and Queen EUca- 

 bath. Being in a dilapidated state at the period of the Restoration, 

 the building was taken down, and the north-western wing of the 

 p rsssBt building erected nnder the superintendenoe of Inigo Jones. 

 Q u iSli Maty, the wife of William IIL, it is said, suggested the plan of 

 fbanding an asylum for disabled seamen belonging to the royal navy, 

 and the nnflnlshed palace of Qreenwich was enlarged and adapted to 

 that purpoaa. Sir Christopher Wren undertook to superintend the 

 work without any pecnnianr emolument. The foundation was laid 

 Jan* 3rd, 1696, and the whole of tlie cnperstructure then contem- 

 plated was finiajied within two years, though the hospital was nut 

 opMMd for the reception of pansioiMn tmtU 1706. During the bat 

 ocotoiy and a half the buildin^i have been snccearively enlaigcd and 



improved. The whole now consists of four quadrangular piles, built 

 principally of Portland stone, and designated by the names of the 

 kings or queens in whose reigns they were erected or oommenoed. 

 The hall, a noble room oppoaite to the chapel, was painted by Sir 

 James Thomhill, and contains a fine collection of paintmgs, consisting 

 of naval portraits and sea-fighta. The management of the hospital U 

 in the hands of a governor, lieutenant-governor, two chaplains, and 

 numerous other ofioers. The funds required for the hospital have 

 been obtained from parliamentary grants, the rents of the forfeited 

 Derwentwater eatates, and the bequests of benevolent individuals. 

 The pensioners, of whom there are about 3000, receive maintenance, 

 clothing, and lodging, besides a weekly allowance for pocket-money. 

 Besides the inmates of the hospital, there is a considerable number of 

 out-pensionen, who, since 1829, have been provided for by special 

 parliamentary grant At the Royal Hospital Schools, which are 

 chiefly supported out of the funds of the hospital, 800 boys, children 

 ol seamen in the navy and merchant service, are boarded, clothed, and 

 educated. 



Greenwich sent two members to the House of Commons in 1557, 

 in the reign of Philip and Uary, but was not again represented in 

 Parliament till the passing of the Parliamentary Reform Act. The 

 town is lighted with gas and paved, and is supplied with water from 

 the Kent water-works at Deptford. Considerable improvement hss 

 taken place during the last few years in the town and its immt-diate 

 neighbourhood, by the erection of handsome buildings, the formation 

 of new lines of street, and widening and improving the spproachea to 

 the town. The parish church, a hiuidsome and commodious edifioe, 

 erected in 1718 from a design by Sir Christopher Wren, consists of a 

 nave and two side aisles, and has a towep of three stories, surmounted 

 with a dome and spire. On the walls are some portraits of royal 

 personages and numerous monumental tablets. St. Mary's church is 

 a neat Grecian structure, erected iu 1825, and there is a new church 

 on Croome's Hill. The Independents, Wesleyan Methodists, BapUsts, 

 English Presbyterians, aud Roman Catholics have places of wor<<hip. 

 There are numerous richly-endowed schools and hospitaU in Green- 

 wich, also National, British, and Infant schools, and an Orphan 

 Girls school. The Marine Society maintains in the river a frigate 

 for exercising and training 100 boys for the sea-service. The Dread- 

 nought man-of-war has been fitted up as an hospital for seamen 

 of ail nations, and lies in the river off Greenwich. A Proprietary 

 school, opened in 1849, had 132 scholars in 1852. There are in 

 Greenwich a literary institute, a savings bank, an<l a building for 

 baths and washhouses. A county court is held in the town. The 

 market is held on Wednesday and Saturday. Extensive engineering 

 establishments, iron steamboat yards, rope-walks, an iron-foundry, and 

 some large factories, are in Greenwich. 



Greenwich Park, which comprises near 200 acres, is diversified with 

 lawns, and well planted chiefly with elms and cheatnut-troes, aud 

 stocked with deer. Upon an eminence is situated the Royal Observa- 

 tory. The park is a favourite resort of Londoners, especially at 

 Easter and Whitsuntide, when the Greenwich fairs are held. 



Blackheath, an extensive common or heath on the south side of 

 Greenwich Park, is partly in the parish of Greenwich and partly in 

 that of Lewisham. It has been the scene of numerous historical 

 events and triumphal processions, and was the place where, in the 

 15th and 16th centuries royal visitors to England were frequently 

 met by the British sovereign or his representatives, or by the cor|)ora- 

 tion of London. 



Deptford, on the right bonk of the Thames, 8 miles S.R from 

 Lomlon, population 27,896 iu 1831, situated in the counties of Kent 

 and Surrey, at the mouth of the Kavensboume River, forms part of 

 the parliamentary borough of Greenwich : it contains Her Majesty's 

 dock-yard and victualling-yard for the royal navy. The streets of 

 Deptford are narrow, and the houses irregularly built. The place has 

 a considerable retail trade. At New Cross, Deptford, is the Royal 

 Naval School, inoorporated in 1840, which had 184 sobolara in 1862 ; 

 and Iteptford has several educational and benevolent institutions, 

 including the Kent Dispensary, two old hospitals for decayed pilots 

 and shipmasters, or their widows, a Charity school well omlowed, and 

 a savings bank. There is constant communication by railway and by 

 steam-vessels between London, Greenwich, and Deptkirl. 



(Hasted, Hi tury of Kent ; Lysons, Enviroiu of London ; Oreenmch 

 Qmdet ; ParliauiniUtry Paptrt ; Communication from OreenwicK.) 



OREIKSWALDE. [.Stiialsusd.] 



GREITZ. [Rbi'ss.] 



GRENADA, one of the Leaser Antilles, lies between 11* 58' and 

 12" 20' N. lat, 61° 20' aud 61° 35' W. long. : iU greatest length from 

 north to south is 25 miles, and its greatest breadth 12 miles ; the total 

 area is about 133 square miles. This island was discovered by Columbus 

 on his third voyage in 1498, at which time it was inhabited by Carib/i. 

 The first settlement was formed in 1 650 by Dn Parquet, governor of 

 the islaud of Martinique. In 1700 there were only three sugar 

 plantations and some indigo works ; the entire population consisting 

 of 251 whites and 520 negroes. By the definitive treaty of Paris, 

 signed in February 1763, Grenada was ceded to Great Britain and 

 a legislative council and assembly were granted to the inhabitants. 



The island in traversed through its whole lengtli from north to 

 south bjr an irregular range uf mountains. Mount St. Catherine, 



