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GRKNADE-SUE-OARONNE. 



GRIMSBY, GREAT. 



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near the centre of the island, is 3200 feet high. Hills of less elevation 

 branch off from the principal range in a lateral direction, forming a 

 succession of rich and extensive valleys, which as they approach the 

 shore open into level alluvial plains. Several hot chalybeate and 

 sulphurous springs are met with in different parts. In the centre of 

 the island, and 1700 feet above the sea, is a circular lake 2^ miles in 

 circumference and 14 feet deep. The soil of the island consists 

 principally of a rich black or reddish coloured mould. The fall of 

 rain is about 65 inches in the year. On the hills the atmosphere is 

 cool and pleasant ; in the low grounds the maximum heat is 89° Fahr., 

 the minimum 77°. The hottest season is from June to October. 



The town of Si. George is situated on the south-west side of the 

 island, at the foot of an amphitheatre of hills encircling an extensive 

 bay. It is a well-built town, and contained at the census of 1851 a 

 population of 4567, mostly coloured persons. The other towns of any 

 consequence are St. Andrew's on the east coast, St. Patrick's on the 

 north, and Charlotte town and St Mark's on the west. The island is 

 but thinly populated, having with its dependencies altogether only 

 82,671 inhabitants in 1851, of whom 28,082 were natives of the 

 colony, 1168 other British West Indians, 2425 Africans, and 400 

 natives of Madeira. The number of Britii>h Europeans was 384. 



In 1852 there were 24 places of worship in the colony, namely. 

 Church of England, 10; Roman Catholic, 8; Wesleyan, 4; and 

 Presbyterian, 2. The number of children attending schools was 

 1828, of whom 1013 were at schools of the Church of England, 508 

 at Roman Catholic schools, 276 at Wesleyan schools, and 31 at 

 Presbyterian schools. African labourers have been brought into the 

 oolony on several occasions of late years, but they have in numerous 

 cue8 purchased land and become small proprietors or tenants. The 

 total revenue of the colony in 1852 was 17,366A; the expenditure 

 ■was 16,894/. The expenses of the civil and military department 

 defrayed by the home government was 14,39W. in 1852. The 

 ■t^le produce consists of sugar, rum, and molasses. The cocoa 

 of Grenada is the best that is grown in any English colony. The 

 value of imports in 1852, consisting chiefly of British manufac- 

 tured goods, was 149,718^., and the exporia amounted to 131,9402. 

 On December 31st 1853 there were registered as belonging to the 

 island 46 vessels, with an aggregate burden of 484 tons. The 

 aggregate tonnage of the vesMls which entered inwards during 1852 

 was 21,478; and of those which cleared outwards 21,964. In 1852 

 there were 7698 acres under cane cultivation, of which the produce was 

 8734 boi^sheads of sugar; ofthis about 8352 hogsheads were exported. 



The Island of Carriacou is situated about 15 miles N.E. from 

 Orenada. Its extreme length is 7 miles ; its breadth 2^ miles. The 

 coast for about a mile from the shore consists generally of good 

 arable land of deep rich loam ; in the interior the country is moun- 

 tainous. Many laboorere have, since their emancipation in 1834, 

 become proprieton of small patches of ground. The population of 

 Carriaoou in 1851 was 4461 (included in the population of Grenaila 

 given above). The principal town is Hillsborough. The island 

 suffers occasionally from long-continued drought, which greatly 

 reduces the amount of the sugar crop. Bequia^ the most northerly of 

 the Grenadines, is 8 miles S. from St. Vincent; it is about 7 miles 

 long by a mile and a half broatl. Admiralty Bay is an inlet on the 

 west side of Bequiu. Union Island and Canaffuan Island are smaller 

 islands between Carriacou and Bequia. 



OBENADE-SUR-GARONNE. [Gabonnk, Haute.] 



GRENOBLE, the capital formerly of DauphiniS, now of the 

 department of Isire, in France, is situated on the Isire, just above its 

 coufluence with the Drac, in 45° 11' 57" N. lat., 5° 43' 43" E. long., 

 345 miles S.E. from Paris, and has 26,852 inhabitants in the commune, 

 exclusive of the garrison and the floating popuUtion. 



Grenoble occupies the site of the ancient Cutaro, which was situated 

 in the territory of the Allobroges. Inscriptions which have been dug 

 up speak of the fortifications and edifices within the town, which 

 were erected by the em|>erors Diocletian and Maximiau, from whose 

 assumed designations of Jovius and HercuUus two of the gates were 

 named Porta Jovia and Porta Herculea. In the 4th century the name 

 (Jratianopoli* was given to the town in compliment to the emperor 

 Gratian ; and this new name gradually superseded the old one, Cularo, 

 and WB» the origin of the modem name Grenoble. Grenoble has 

 given title to a bishop at least since A.O. 381. 



The part of the town on the right bank of the Isdre is called 

 St.-Laurent. It consists chiefly of one spacious street, which has b.en 

 lately embellished by the construction of quays along the river ; it 

 communicates with the rest of the town by a stone bridge, lately 

 rebuilt, and by an iron chain bridge, the approaches to which are 

 adorned with some handsome modem buildings. Immediately behind 

 this street rises • hill, the lower part of which is called Rabot ; higher 

 up it take* the name of Bastille, from an old feudal castle that once 

 stood on K, and the summit is called Mont RacheL The greater part 

 of this hill is ooverad with formidable fortifications, the guns of which 

 can sweep the valleys of the two rivers. The view from Hont Rachel 

 is very pictureaque, presenting as in a plan the town and its fortifi- 

 cations, the valley of the Drac on one side, and of the Isire on the other; 

 the view up the Is^re is terminated by the snowy mass of Mont Blanc. 

 This port of Grenoble was formerly surrounded by an ancient wall, 

 which has been demolished in recent times, and is now replaced by a 



OBOO. DIV. VOL. Jir. 



handsome promenade. The quarter of Bonne on the left bank is also 

 fortified, and Grenoble is now considered one of the strongest 

 fortresses in France. This part of the town is extensive ; the streets 

 are well laid out, and the houses are good. Among the principal 

 buildings are the office of the prefect ; the court-house ; the town-hall, 

 once the residence of the Constable Lesdiguifcres ; and the building 

 occupied by the college, by the public library of nearly 60,000 

 volumes, by the museums of natui-al history and antiquities, and by 

 the gallery of paintings. The other remarkable objects are the 

 cathedral of Notre-Dame, the episcopal palace, the hospital, the 

 colossal bronze statue of Bayard in the Plaee-St.-Andr(5, the arsenal, 

 the citadel, the botanic garden, several handsome fountains, the 

 theatre, and the public walks. The town is well lighted with gas. 



The chief manufactures of the town are kid gloves, of which about 

 two million francs' worth are exported to England and America 

 annually, liqueurs, chamois and other leather, &o. The dressing of 

 hemp gives employment to about 1000 workmen. The trade of the 

 place is much promoted by the navigation of the Is6re ; other articles 

 of trade are wrought iron, marble, and timber. 



The diocese of Grenoble is co-extensive with the department of 

 Is^re. The city is the seat of a High Court and University Academy, 

 which have jurisdiction over the departments of Is&re, Drome, aud 

 Hautes-Alpes. In connection with the academy there are two 

 faculties of law and science. The town has also a college, a school of 

 medicine, a school for artillery, two seminaries for the priesthood, a 

 botanic garden at which courses of instruction are delivered, aud 

 other educational institutions. It has also tribunals of first instance 

 and of commerce, and an exchange. 



Grenoble was the first place which openly received Napoleon I. on 

 his return from Elba in 1815. A railway is in course of construction 

 from Grenoble to the Lyon-Avignou hue, which it joins opposite 

 Annonay ; the town is connected with Paris and Turin by electro- 

 telegraphic wires. 



(IHctionnaire de la France.) 



GRESFORU. [Denbiuhshire.] 



GRE3LEY. [Debbysuibk.] 



GRETNA GREEN. [Duufbiesbhire.] 



GREY ABBEY. [Down.] 



GREYSTOKE. [CnMBEiiLAND.] 



GRIFFIN. [Georgia, U.S.] 



GRIGNON. [Drome.] 



GRIMSBY, GREAT, Lincolnshire, a municipal and pai-liameutaiy 

 borough, market-town, and sea-port, in the parish of Great Giini.5by, 

 is situated on the right bank of the river Huniber, near its mouth, in 

 53° 34' N. lat, 0° 4' W. long., distant 40 miles N.E. by N. from 

 Lincoln, 163 miles N. from London by road, and 154^ miles by the 

 Great Northern aud East Lincolnshire railways. The population of 

 the municipal borough in 1851 was 8860; of the parliumeutary 

 borough, 12,263. The borough is governed by 4 aldermen aud 12 

 councillors, one of whowi is mayor; and returns one member to the 

 Imperial Parliament For sanitary purposes it is under the manage- 

 ment of a Local Board of Health. The living is a vicarage in the 

 archdeaconry and diocese of Lincoln. 



In the time of Edward III. Grimsby furnished the king with 11 

 vessels and 170 mariners for his armament against Calais. The 

 gradual blocking up of the harbour by the accumulation of mud and 

 sand led however to the decay of the port, uutil it was renovated by 

 the exertions of some of the neighbouring lauded proprietors about 

 the beginning of the present century. The tmvn is lighted with gas. 

 The public buildings are a town-ball, a small borough jail, aud a 

 custom-house. The older part of the town, which is irregularly laid 

 out, is at the head of the harbour, about a mile from the sea ; the new 

 part, commonly called * the Marsh,' consists of several streets parallel 

 to the harbour, on the east side. The harbour, which is a tide har- 

 bour, with a lock, &c., is at one of the mouths of the Laceby Beck, 

 extending inland about a mile southward from the sea. The hirgest 

 ships and steamers can enter the harbour at any time of the tide. 

 There are here large warehouses imd timber-yanls. 'Ihe opening of 

 the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, aud the East Liucoluuhirc 

 lines of railway, and the construction of spacious docks, have added 

 greatly to the commercial activity of Grimsby. The first stone of 

 the new docks was laid by Prince Albert, April 17th, 1849. The 

 works are according to the designs of Mr. Kendel, and when com- 

 pleted will inclose about 132 acres, of which 20 acres are appropriated 

 to wharfs aud quays, and 85 acres to warehouses and other buildings. 

 A basin of 11 acres iu extent connects the docks with the river 

 Humber. The supply of fresh-water to the docks is from laud streams. 

 The plan includes a breakwater, to be coustructed on a bauk culled 

 the Burcom Sands, in the middle of the river, opposite the new dock, 

 the intervening channel to bo deepened aud kept clear for the accom- 

 modation of vessels of Urge burden. 



The vessels registered on December 31st 1853, as belonging to 

 the port of Grimsby, were as follows : — Under 50 tons, 74 sailing- 

 vessels, tonnage 2151 ; and 4 steam-vessels, tonnage 71 ; above 50 

 tons, 14 sailing-vessels, tonnage 1251 ; and 2 steam-vessels, tounago 

 1030. The vessels which entered aud cleared at the port during 1863 

 were as follows : — Coasting trade, sailing-vessels, inwards 251, tonn;ige 

 17,143; outwards 176, tonnage 14,0.<U; btciim-vcsscla, iuwardd 4, 



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