﻿GRINDELWALD. 



GUADALAJARA. 



100 



tonnaga 1563 ; outwardi 1, tonn*ge 346. Colonial md foreign trade, 

 MiUov-TeanU, inwarda 110 Britiah, tonnage 34,419; and SIO foreign, 

 tonnage 67,978; outwarda 28 Britiah, tonnage S818; and 21fi foreign, 

 tonnage 46,321 : itaam-Teaaela, inwanU 84 Britiah, tonnage 88,212; 

 and 4 foreign, tonnage 648; outwarda 91 Britiah, tonnage 36,763; 

 and 4 foreign, tonnage 648. 



The amoont of ooatoma duty reoeircd at Grfat Orimshy in the 

 year 1861 waa 24.664{. U ed. 



The pariah ohnroh ia a large cruciform atructure with a tower in 

 the centre ; the architecture ia chiefly early Engliah ; the west door 

 ia Norman. The Wealeyan and Primitive Hethodiata, Indepcmdents, 

 and Baptiata have plaoea of worship. There are here a Free Grammar 

 ■chool, which had 37 scholara in 1860 ; a National achool ; and a 

 mechanics institution, wiUi a library of 1100 Tolumea. There are 

 abip-building yards, a tan-yard, bone-milla, com-milla, a large rope- 

 itoA, brick-fielda, and breweriea. The market is on Friday ^r com 

 and cattle; a fair is held on June 6th. A county court ia held in 

 Grimsby. 



ORINDELWALD. fBBBii.] 



ORISONS. [aBAUBUXDTKIf.] 



GRODNO, a government of Russia in Europe, lying between 

 61° 31' and 64* 21' N. Ut, 23' 49' and 26° 44' K long., is com- 

 poeed of a portion of the grand -duchy of Lithuania and other 

 eaatem parts of the kingdom of Poland Its area is 14,652 square 

 miles, and ita population was stated to be 1,008,100 in 1848. Its 

 greatest length is about 173 miles, and its greatest breadth about 120 

 milea. The surface is a wide plain broken only by a few chalk hills ; 

 it is covered in parts by extensive forests, particularly iu the north, 

 and in others by swampy lowlands. The soil is either a pure sand, 

 or allurial deposit intermixed with sand, and is in general favourable 

 to the cultivation of grain and feeding of cattle. The priuoipal river 

 is the Niemen, which becomes navigable at Lititaha before it reaches 

 Grodno, and is augmented in this province by the waters of the 

 Shtshara, the western Beresina, Rossa, Kotra, !t,c In the south-west 

 the Bug separatee Grodno from Poland, and the Narew, a tributary 

 of the Vistula, risea in the circle of Prushana. The winter is very 

 cold, and the climate damp and foggy. 



Rye is the grain most cultivated : in ordinary years the yield is said 

 to amotmt to above 2,846,000 English quarters, of which about one- 

 third ia exported by the Niemen Canal and overland to Baltic ports, 

 likrge quantities of barley, oats, hops, hemp, and flax are also raised. 

 Vegetables and fruit are not of extensive growth. The crown holds 

 a great number of the forests of Grodno, which are chiefly of the pine 

 ■pedesL The pastures are extensive. Homed cattle and sheep of 

 improved breeds are fed in considerable numbers. Much wax and 

 honey are gathered ; but the fisheries are unproductive. The minerals, 

 which are insignificant in point of produce, consist of iron, limestone, 

 clay, chalk, and saltpetre. The manufactures ore inconsiderable atid 

 chiefly for domestic use ; the priucipal are woollen-cloth, and leather. 



Grodno ia divided into eight districts, named from their chief 

 towns. The more important of the towns are : — Qkodno ; Lida, 

 with a castle, college, and school, 2000 inhabitants; Novogrodek, a 

 walled town defended by a castle, with 6 churches and 3 mouas- 

 teriea, 2 syDagoguea, and 4000 inhabitanta; Slonim on the Shtaham, 

 with 7 churches, a laige woollen manufaustory, and a population of 

 about 7000; and Brzeao or Brzeao-Litewsky or Litovski, at the 

 efflux of the Mushaviec into the Bug, a walled town, with an imperial 

 palaoe^ 12 churches, 2 synagogues, and about 8000 inhabitants, who 

 oarry on an extensive trade. 



GRODNO, the capital of the Government of Grodno in Russia, is 

 situated at the foot and on the aide of a hill on the right bank of the 

 Niemen, about 660 miles &W. from St Petersburg, in 58° 40' N. lat, 

 23° 52' E. long., and haa about 16,000 inhabitanta, many of whom are 

 Jews. It ia the seat of government for the province, and occupies a 

 laige extent of ground, but haa neither walls nor gates. Most of the 

 honsas are built of wood. The town ia aa old as the 12th century, 

 and had an ancient palace surrounded by a deep moat, which is now 

 oninhaWtable. The modem palace, erected by Augustus III., king 

 of Poland, is spacious, handsome, and regularly built, and opposite to 

 the quad ran gle in front of it is a fine building containing the 

 Bovemment offloea. Grodno haa 9 Roman Catholic churches, 2 

 United Greek.Catholic churches, a Greek church, a Lutheran chapel, 

 and two synagogoea. The churches of the former college of Jesuits 

 and of the Cumelite convent are very fins. The Greek abbey of St. 

 Basil is also a handsome structure. There are a good market-place ; 

 •n equestrian seminary, a high school, and several other seminariea, 

 bastdas the academy for mescal acience, with its libran, collections 

 in natural history, and botank garden, founded by Stani^us Augus- 

 tus. The manubotures oompriss some woollens, silks, and bats. 

 Ths fairs, held thrss times a year, are well attandsd. Grodno was 

 for m shnt time after 11173 the place of mssting for evaty third 

 ■sssioo of the Polish and Lithuanian Diets, but they were afterwards 

 traasfsrred wholly to Warsaw. The Diet held here in 1795 waa for 

 ths mare purpose of ratifying the dismemberment of Poland. Grodno, 

 two yeara after this, was the place of Stanislaus Augustus's abdication 

 of the Polish crown. 



GRUNINUEN, a province in the kingdom of Holland, is bounded 

 N. by the German Ocean, K by Hanover, S. by the province of 



Drenthe, and W. by Friealand. It lias between 62* 49" and 63° 27' 

 N. laL, 6° 14' and 7° 10' E. long., ita greatest length from aouth-esst 

 to north-west is 60 miles, ita mean breadth is about 20 milea. The 

 area ia 882 square miles, and the population at the end of 1862 was 

 195,264. 



The surface is level, intersected everywhere by canals and ditches, 

 and protected from the sea by dykes. The principal rivera are 

 the Humse, which is navigable for large vessels from the town of 

 Groningen to its mouth in the Lauwer-Zee ; and the Aa, which runs 

 iuto Dollart Bay. A great proportion of the land is marshy, and 

 unfit for any purpose but pasturage, which however is rich, and 

 supports a fine breed of cattle, and a great number of horses and 

 aheep. A great quantity of turf is dug in the eaatem part of the 

 province. There are a few unimportant monufacturea of broadcloUi, 

 calico, hosiery, linen, and silk. Some of the population are engaged 

 in the coast fisheriea, but the bulk of the people live by fanning and 

 grazing. The province is divided into three districts, Uroningen, 

 Winachoten, and Appingadam. 



The capital Groninr/en, situated on the Hunze, ia a large well-built 

 town with 25,000 inhabitants. It is the most important town in the 

 northern part of the kingdom, nearly circular in its form, and sur- 

 rounded by walls and a fosse. The great church of St-Hartiu, the 

 town-hall (a modem building in the Bree-markt, one of the fineat 

 squares in Holland), and the university are the most important struc- 

 tures in the town. The university was founded in 1614, and has 

 usually about 800 students and 18 professors. There are also a 

 public library, a museum of natural history, a botanic garden, and an 

 institution for deaf-mutes, founded by Quyot, to whom a monument 

 is erected in the Ossen-markt. The harbour is good, and a oonsidei^ 

 able trade is carried on in butter, cheese, rape-aeed, raps-oil, com, 

 cattle, and other agricultural products. The Great Ship Canal from 

 the Ems to HarUngen, on the weatem coast of Friesland, passes 

 through Groningen, from which another canal runs north-east through 

 Appingadam, and temiinates at Delfzyl on Dollart's Bay. Groningen 

 has ship-building yards, paper-mills, and a large trade in cattle, 

 butter, and cUeeae. Appinyadam is a small pUoe of under 2000 

 inhabitants, situated on the iSliip Canal, 14 miles E.N.K. from Gron- 

 ingen. litlfzyl is a strongly fortified town, 16 miles N.E. from 

 Groningen, on the western shore of Dollart's Bay, with a good harbour 

 inclosed by a dyke, and about 4000 inhabitants, employed chiefly in 

 the fisheries and the coasting trade. Wmtchoten is about 17 miles 

 E. from Groningen on the Ems and HarUngen CanaL It is fortified, 

 and has a population of about 3500. 

 GROTTASIARK. [FEnMc] 



GUUBt^NHAUEN, a principality in the southern port of the king- 

 dom of Hanover, now forming a portion of the province or landrostal 

 of Hildesheim. Its area ia about 310 square miles. The eastern dis- 

 tricts, which comprehend the Uarz Mountaina, are elevated, and not 

 susceptible of cultivation : the highest summits are the Achtermana- 

 hobe, 2706 feet, and the Bruchberg, 8018 feet above the level of tlie 

 sea. The western districts, though bleak, consist of spacious, open 

 valleys, which are well cultivated. The mountains are, with very 

 few exceptions, richly wooded : the streams are only mountain brooko. 

 The more important rivers are the Leiue, llm, and liable ; and there 

 is a small lake near Seebuig. The climate is in general bleak and 

 variable, and the sky seldom clear. In the lowlands much fruit and 

 com are raised ; and besides these, hops, tobacco, flax, ftc Much 

 attention is paid to the rearing of horaes, and particularly homed 

 cattle. Excellent butter and cheese are made. Soeep and awina are 

 bred extensively. Wax and honey are collected. The chief wealth 

 of the principoUty however consists in its woods and forests, which 

 are estimated to cover above one-half of ita entire surface. The mines 

 of the mountain districts aro productive, and yield silver, copper, 

 lead, iron, zinc, vitriol, and sulphur : the quarries produce marble, 

 freestone, slate, gypsum, aUboater, &a Much charcoal is made. 

 Linen yam, laces, linen cloth, woollens, cottons, and metallic articles 

 are also manufactured. 



The chief towns of the principality aro the following : — EimlnA, 

 the capital, situated on the llm, 40 miles S. from Hanover, is sur- 

 rounded with walls, and contains a) out 6000 inhabitanta. It has two 

 religious houses, a gymnasium, three churches, iu one of which (St 

 Alexander's) are the aaroophagi of the dukes of Grubenhagen ; an 

 orphan a^lnm, two hospitals, and manufactories of woollens, cottons, 

 linens, tobacco, leather, Ac Outrode, a walled town, 10 miles S.B. 

 from Eimbeok, on a feeder of the Leine, has a castle (now used as a 

 granary), three churohes, two hospitals, a gymnasium, and about 6200 

 mbabitanta. The industrial producta compriae woollens, cottons, 

 hats, deals, white lead, tobacco, aoap, linen, stockings, beer, spirits, 

 leather, Sm. J)uderitadt, 16 miles S.K. from Osterode, is situated 

 near the Prussian frontier, in the valley of the Hahle. It is sur- 

 rounded by ramjiarts laid out in walks, and has about 4500 inhabit- 

 ants, a Roman Catholic gymnasium, on Ursuline convent, a Lutheran 

 and a Roman Catholic church, an orphan asylum, two hospitals, and 

 manufactures of woollen stuijfs, tobacco, tapes and ribands, brandy, 

 &C. [Hti.DRsnEiu.l 

 GRDnhKRG. rLiBaj(iTz.l 

 GRUYERE. [KnEYBuno.J 

 GUADALAJAitA. [Castilla la. Nobva.] 



