﻿GLANWORTH. 



OLASQOW. 



•Mt of « Foor-Law Union, in the parith of Vfrnrby, ia ritoatad in 

 6S* S3' K. Ut. 0' ST' W. long., dittnnt 24 miles N. by E. from 

 Lineoln, 15.1 tiiilM N. by W. from London by road, iind 184 miles by 

 the Orvat NortliPni slid Linoolnahire railways. "Tiie .population of 

 Olanford'Brigg in 1851 waa 8097. The living is a perpetual curacy 

 in tbo archdeaconry and diocese of Lincoln. Olanfonl-Brigg Poor- 

 Law Union oonlaini 52 parishes and townahips, with an area of 

 145,4S0 aeras, and a popuUtion in 1851 of 33,541. The town is 

 ■dTantagwuMly sitoatoa near to the Aneholme navigation, by means 

 of which • coaaiderahie trade is carried on in com, coal, and timber. 

 The town poaseasea a handsome oom-exchanga, gas-works, and a new 

 police station. Besides the parochial chapel there are places of 

 worship for Independents, Wealeynn and Primitive Methodists, 

 Qnakera, and Roman Catholioa. The Free Qramnar school, founded 

 in 1674, has an income from endowment of about 250(. a year, and 

 bad 80 scholan in 1 850. There js a savings bonk. The market ia on 

 Thursday : a yeariy fair is held on August 5tk. 



OLANWOUTH. [Cobk.] 



GLARUS, a canton of Switzerland, is boimded K. by St. Ooll, 

 E. and S. by the Orisons, and W. by Schwyi and Uri Its greatest 

 length is about 32 miles, its greatest bmidth alx>ut 16 miles : its area 

 is 279 square miles, of which only one-fiflh is arable laud. It 

 ooadsts mainly of the f^reat valley of the Linth, which river crosses 

 it from south to north, and of the Sernft Thai, or valley of the Seruft, 

 which is an affluent of the Lintb. The Liuth is eii)>jcct to sudden 

 inundations, which frequently cause much damage. The impetuosity 

 of the river in its 6ooded state has deposited on each side of the 

 channri a broad fringe of sand and gravel, which but for want of 

 oohesivrness must long aso have formed a natural embimkraent, and 

 saved the rest of tlie valley from the ravages caused by the inun- 

 dationsL There are also small volleys, such as the Klonthal, which 

 open into the two principal ones. The cinton is divided on the 

 ■onth from the valley of the Upper Rhine in the Orisons by a chain 

 of the Altia, among which the summits colled Dodiberg and Scheibe 

 rise to 9000 or 1 0,000 feet above the sea. An ofisct of this chain 

 detaches itself from the Dodiberg, and running northward divides 

 the waters of the Linth from those which flow into the Keiiss through 

 the valleys of Uri and Schwyz. To this offset belongs the high and 

 extensive group called Oliimisoh (9000 feet above the sea, and covered 

 with perpetual snow), which extends into the canton of Olarus, and 

 rears its head above the town of that name. The general inclination 

 of the surface of the canton is towards the north, to the banks of the 

 Lake of AVallenstadt, and towards the low country l)etween that lake 

 and the Lake of Zurich. Qlanu is chiefly a pastoral country. Cows, 

 sheep, and goats are numerous. The green cheese colled scbobdeger 

 is made here, and a great quantity of it is exported. Olarus has also 

 manufactories of printed cottons, muslins, silks, and [laper. It 

 importa com, wine, salt, and colonial produce. Quarries of slate and 

 marble and iron-mines are worked in the mountains of Obnu. 



The population of Olarus at the end of March 1850 was 30,197, 

 of whom 3032 were Catholics, and the rest, with the exception of 

 ■ome Jews and. a few hundred foreigners, Calvinists. The government 

 ia a pure democracy : the Landsgemeinde, or general assembly of all 

 males above the age of sixteen, is the sovereign power. It assembles 

 erenr year, appoints its magistrates, and decides upon the projects of 

 hw Lud down before it by the Landrath, or executive. 



The name of Olarus is a corruption of Hilorius, a saint in whoso 

 honour a shrine was built amon^ these mountains. The abbey of 

 SedUngen was at one time sovereign of this country, which passed 

 afterwards under the dukes of Austria. In the 14th century it joined 

 its neighbours of the Waldiitutten in their insurrection; and the 

 battle of Niifcis, which the people of Olarus gained over the Austrian 

 forofs, insured their independence. 



(Jtanu, the capital of the canton, is a bustling and cheerful town, 

 in a narrow part of the valley, on the left bank of the Linth. It 

 contains 4500 inhabitants, who manufacture cottons, muslins, and 

 woollen cluth ; it has also some iron-worics, a printing-press, and n 

 nnmber of milU. The parish churoh, an old gothic building, ia used 

 tm the service of both Catholics and Protestants. The other public 

 bnildinga are the town-house, the hospital, and the free school. 

 OUnis returns two members to the Kational Council of Switzerland. 



OLASOOW, I>anarkshire, Scotland, a city, a royal and parlia- 

 mentary burgh, markeVtown, and jort, is situated on the river Clyde, 

 •boot 30 miles from iU mouth, in 55° 52' N. lot, 4° 10' W. long.; 

 distant 48 miles W. by S. from Edinburgh by road, and 48 miles by 

 railway ; 396 miles N. by W. from London by road, and 404 miles by 

 railway. The popuUtion of the city and suburbu in ISOI waa 77,386 ; 

 in 1821 it was 127,043; in 1841 it was 274,324; in 1851 it had 

 increased to 358,052. In 1861 the population within the mnnicipal 

 boundary was 148,116 ; within the parliamentary city it was 329,097. 

 The city is governed by a town council, consisting of 48 councillors 

 elected by the constituency, a dean of guild elected by the Merchants 

 Hotue, and • daaoon eonvener elected by the Trades House. The 

 oooneil thus oonstitatad tleot 8 bailies and a lord provost. The city 

 returns two members to tlie Imperial Parliament. 



The burgh, properly so oallad, is situated exclusively on the north 

 ■ide of the river. It has now spread its municipal and police juris- 

 diction over the burgh of OorlMds and the districts of ilutchosontown 



and Kingston on the eonth side of the river, and orer the burgh of 

 Andenton on the west, Blythswood and Port Dundos on the west and 

 north, and the buigh of Calton on the east 



GarhaU has been designated the Soutbwark of QIaagow, occupying 

 a position with respect to that city similar to that which Soutbwark 

 occupies with respect to London. Oorbals was formerly a burgh of 

 barony, with a aeparate corporation, police, Ac. It has increased with 

 the growing proeperity of Qlasgow. The wide fields on the south 

 side of the river were gradually laid out and built upou, and the 

 population of Oorbals is now 61,482. IT»tcketontown is the name 

 given to the eastern portion of Oorbals, from its having been built on 

 that port of the old barony which belonged to Hutcheaon's Hospital, 

 as Tradaton is the name given to the western part of the same 

 barony which belonged to Oxe Trades House of Qla»gow. King$ton 

 is the extreme and more modem western district of Oorbals. The 

 houses of the original village at the end of the bridge have been to a 

 great extent replaced by new and substantial buildings. Andenton, 

 which lies west of Olasgow, on the right bank of the Clyde, was 

 made a burgh of barony in 1824. For a century before it had been 

 first a country village, and then a suburb of Olasgow. Bli/thnoood 

 is the name of an extensive district lying north of Anderston and 

 the road which formerly connected that village vrith Olaagow, west of 

 Buchanan-street and south-west of Port Dundos. It has risen into 

 existence since the commencement of the present century, and is now 

 the fashionable or west end of the city, being nearly covered with 

 the houses of the wealthier citizens. Port Dundtu, on the northern 

 boundary of the city, ia composed of an assemblage of dwellings, 

 offices, granaries, storehouses, &c, surrounding the basins of the 

 Forth and Clyde and Monkland canals. Cotton, formed out of the 

 old villages of High and Low Calton, was made a burgh of barony 

 in 1817. The district of the burgh is the low ground east of Olaagow, 

 which is almost exclusively occupied by a population engaged in 

 manufactures. Adjoining Calton ore two other populous suburbs 

 called Bridgeton and CaiuLtchie, both chiefly inhabited by hand-loom 

 weavers. All muuicipal and police jurisdiction is now by virtue of 

 general municipal and police statutes vested in the town council and 

 police board of the city of Olasgow. 



SUe, Atptct, itc. — On the southern side of the river, on which stand 

 Hutchesontown, OorLivIa, Trodeston, and Kingston, the land is aUnoet 

 entirely flat ; on the north it gradually rises to the cathedral on the 

 east, and on the west forms a series of gentle elevations on which 

 Blythswood is built Northward of the river a narrow belt or plain 

 seems to have been at a remote period covered with water. In 178U 

 workmen digging a foundation for St Enoch's church (a few hundred 

 feet northwarit of the Clyde), found on ancient cnnoe at the depth of 

 25 feet from tlie surface. In 1781 a canoe was found, when digging a 

 foundation in the Trongote; and in 1825, iu digging a sewer at the 

 head of Saltmarket, another canoe was found, at a distance of a quarter 

 of a mile from the river, and 20 feet above high-water mark. An 

 ancient canoe has also been discovered on the south side of the river. 

 From these circumstances it has been supposed that the icstuary of 

 the Clyde once extended to the base of the mil on which the cathedral 

 now stands. 



In its extreme limits the city extends about 3 miles from east to 

 west, and about 2 miles from north to south. The germ of the city 

 was in the line of street leading southward from the cathedral to the 

 river, by way of the High-street and the Saltmarket In and con- 

 tiguous to this line are the oldest buildings. The point of junction 

 between the Saltmarket and High-stroet may be taken as the centre 

 of the city, whence proceeds eastward the long street of Qsllow- 

 gate, and westward the Trongate, which is continued by Argyle-stroet 

 to the western extremity of the city. Southward of Argylo-street 

 runs Clyde-street, in which there is a custom-house, and the Broomie- 

 law, the street along the harbour. Eastward of the original 

 High-street, or Old Town, the streets are invariably of an humble 

 character. 



On the left bonk of the Clyde are numerous streets, branching 

 out from the river side, and extending into the open country ; 

 other streets crora these nearly at right angles. The streets are 

 wide and the houses substantial, and in many places elegant On the 

 right bank the quadrangle bounded by Qooige-street and Oeoige- 

 tquare on the north, Candleriges-street on the csst, Hope-street on 

 the west, and the Trongate and Argyle-street on the south, contains 

 within it a large proportion of the best buildings and of the most 

 important oommeroial eittabliahments of Olasgow. Ingram-street, 

 stretching across part of this quadrangle from east to west, with the 

 Exchange terminating the vista at ita western end, has a very fine 

 architectural effect. Ocoigc-squore, with its lofty Doric column sur- 

 mounted by a statue of Sir Walter Scutt ita bronze statue of Sir John 

 Moore, by Klaxman, and its bronze statue of James Watt by Chantrey, 

 is a noble quadrangle. The houses of Olasgow are built of stone. 

 The St Rollox chimney of the vast chemical establishment of that 

 name forms a very prominent object in approaching the city. 



Civil Uittory. — It is said that the Romans had a station on the site 

 now occupied by the city, but its origin is generally ntlributeil to 

 St Kentigcm, or St Muiigo, who esttiblished a bishopric here in 

 A.D. 560. Olasgow continued to bo little else than a religious eatab- 

 listuneut tmtil 1174-80, when by a charter of William the Lion, it 



