﻿Ill 



GUTMARAEa 



aUTANA. 



I» 



ODIHARAES. [Extu Docro i Hinbo.] 



QUIN EA, an extemtTe oountrr on the we«t coMt of Africa, between 

 4* and 10' N. lat., &" E. and 13^ W. long., haa a coast-lJDe of more 

 than ISOOmilea. Tha countriea along this coaat are known to Euro- 

 pean aailon under the namea of Sierra Leone, Qrain Coiwt, Ivory Coast, 

 Gold Coaat, Slave Coaat, and Benin. We ahall notice here only a 

 portion of the Grain Coaat, Irory Coaat, and Slave Coast, having 

 givrn an aooount of the QoLS Coast, of Liberia, and of Sierra 

 Leonk, in (eparate artidea : aea alao Asbakteb, Bekik, Bight and 

 Kivrr, and Dahomt. 



The Grain Coaat extends from Cape Hesuisdo (7* N. lat) to Cape 

 Falmaa (V 30' N. lat), a distance of somewhat less than 800 miles : 

 the western portion of it is included in the American settlement of 

 Liberia. Tqe high land, which occupiea nearly the whole space 

 between the Bay of Guinea and the Sahara, advances here, as in Sierra 

 Leona, dose to the sea, forming a bold and rocky coast The interior 

 is a (Qooession of mountain riilgea and of valleys. The mountains 

 mre mostly wooded, and the valleys wide and fertile, producing rich 

 empa of rice, which is exported to a lat^e amount, and of a coarse 

 pepper. Cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, and poultry are abundant Besides 

 rice, ivory and cam-wood are exported. The coast is scarcely visited 

 except by vessels which sail between the settlements of Sierra Leone 

 and those on the Gold Coast, though several of its rivers offer great 

 facilities for trade, being navigable for small vessels to a considerable 

 distance in the interior. The country appears to be divided into three 

 kingdoms. The most western is the kingdom of Cape Mount, which 

 extends on both sides of Cape Mesurado, and comprehends a coast of 

 •bout 180 miles, reaching more than 100 miles inland. Its capital, 

 Couseea, is said to have a population of 10,000. The middle of th« 

 coast is occupied by the kingdom of Sanguin,from which much palm- 

 oil is obtained. Its principal port is Bassa ; its capital is the village 

 of Monrovia. 



The Ivory Coast occupies the countries between Cape Palmas and 

 Cape Three Points (Tres Puntas), a distance of nearly 400 miles. In 

 Uiia part the high land of the interior is divided from the beach by 

 • low tract, about 10 or 12 miles wide; it is inhabited by a number 

 of small, and for the most part independent negro tribes. Near Cape 

 Palmas is a harbour formed by a reef, which is the only spacious 

 and seoore one on this part of the coast East of the Ivory Coast is 

 AsBAiTTBE, extending from the Assinee River to the Volta. 



The Slave Coast b^ns on the west at the Rio Volta, which empties 

 itself into the Gulf of Guinea, near the meridian of Greenwich ; it 

 extends eastward to the neighbourhood of the river Benin, a distance 

 of more than 400 miles along the sea-shore. The Rio Volta, which 

 comes down from a great distance, is a broad river in the interior, 

 but towards its mouth it divides into several branches, and forms a 

 kind of delta. The shores of this cotmt are flat and low, and partly 

 rendered inaccessible by sand-banks. They are covered by extensive 

 salt-manhes aud numerous lagoons, traversed by several rivers, among 

 which the Logos is the most considerable. The plain extends inland 

 80 or 100 miles ; it is fertile, open, and level, exhibiting large savan- 

 nahs covered with high grass ; in some parts however it is thickly 

 wooded with fine trees, l^rther inland, where the ground rises, it is 

 covered with extensive and thick forests. The greatest part of the 

 plain is converted into a swamp during the rainy season, from May 

 to October. The whole plain, with the mountain region extending 

 north of it, seems to be divided between the kingdoms of Dahomt, 

 Ardrah, and Lagos. The little kingdom of Ardmh extends east of 

 Dahomy, and comprehends only a portion of the plain. Its capital, 

 Ardrah (6* 26' N. lat), is built on the bonks of a lake, and contains 

 a Urge nnmbar of inhabitants. Its port is Porto Novo. The king- 

 dom of Lagos occupies the countrits extending on both sides of the 

 lower course of the river Lagos. In its territory are the populous 

 towns of Lagos and Badagry. But the king of Lagos is dependent 

 on the king of Yarribo, whose dominion extends over the whole 

 bresdth of the Kong Honntains to the banks of the river Quorra, 

 and along that river to 10* N. lot East of Lagos is the kingdom of 

 Benin, which extends along the low and swampy banks of the river 

 •nd bight of Benin, and far into the interior. "The country, which is 

 very populous, is described elsewhere. [Bevijc, Bioht or; Bexik 

 RtvEB.] The capital, Benin, is said to hove o population of above 

 16,000, but, though the residence of the king, it is like most of the 

 towns in these ports, a mere collection of thatched clay huts. Tlie 

 king's palace is <n grsst extent, including several squares, long galleries, 

 ■lid ranges of state aportmenta, but it has no architectural preten- 

 sions. The town is clean and orderly, and is a place of great 

 trade, being a centre for the exchange of ivory, palm-oil, cattle, 

 aiissp, *c., for European gooda. It was formerly a great slave- 

 market Along the river and in the interior are several other 

 populous towns. 



By Ritter and some other recent geographers the country along the 

 coast, asst and sooth of that above described, to about 18* E. long., 

 is called Lowsr, or South Guinea, and includes LoAnao, Coxoo, 

 Akoola, and Bekouela. 



GUINEA, NEW. [Papta.] 



OUINI-VS. [PAS-DE-CALAtS.] 



GUI NOAM P. [CflT»-DU-NoBD.] 

 GUU'LZCOA. [lliMjvE PBovmcES.] 



GUISBOROUGH, GISBOROUGH, or OUILSBROUGH, North 

 Riding of Yorkshire, a market-town, and the aeat of a Poor-Law 

 Union, in the parish of Uuisborough, is situated at the foot of the 

 Cleveland Hills, iu 54° 32' N. lat, 1° 3' W. long.; disUnt 50 miles 

 N. by E. from York, and 245 miles N.N.W. from London by road. 

 Middlesborough sbttion of the Stockton and Darlington railway, which 

 is about 8 miles from Ouisborough, is 241 miles from Loudon vi& 

 York and Northallerton. The population of the township of Ouis- 

 borough in 1851 was 2062 ; of the parish 2308. The living is o 

 perpetual curacy in tha archdeaconry of Cleveland and diocese of 

 York. Ouisborough Poor-Law Union contains 27 parishes and town- 

 ships, with on area of 80,090 acres, and a population in 1851 of 12,202. 



In the year 1129 a priory was founded at Ouisborough by Robert 

 de Brus, for canons of the order of St Augustine. Of this building a 

 small portion remains. The parish church was partly rebuilt in 1791. 

 The Independents, Wesleyan Methodists, and Quakers have places of 

 worship. The Free Grammar school, founded in 1561 by the Rev. 

 Robert Pursglove, the last superior of the priory, has an endowment 

 of about 60Z. per annum, and had 29 scholars in 1853. Providence 

 school, established by subscription in 1790, was remodelled in 1821, 

 when National schools were established. There are almshouses for 

 six men and six women, and a savings bonk. The town consists 

 chiefly of one spacious street, running east and west with many good 

 houses. The market-house, erected in 1821, has in its upper port the 

 town-ball, where petty sessions ore held fortnightly. The market is 

 held on Tuesday ; there are several fairs, besides special markets for 

 the sale of wool. Rope-making, brick and tile-making, and tinning 

 are carried on. In the vicinity are several corn-mills. 



GUISE. [AIS.N-E.] 



GUJERAT. or GtJZERAT. [Hindustas.] 



GULF STREAM. [Atlantic Ocean] 



GUMBINNEN, one of the two governments into which the province 

 of Blast Prussia is divided, lies east and south of the government of 

 Konigsberg, and between it and the frontier of Prussia. It has an 

 area of 6310 square miles, and its population iu 1847 was 632,366. 

 It ia a fiat country except in the south, where a large portion of the 

 surface is hilly, and abounds with lakes, the largest of which arc the 

 Spirding-sce and the Mauer-see. The land is fertile. Agriculture and 

 cattle feeding are the chief occupations. There is little manufac- 

 turing industry. Wheat, rye, flax, and hemp are the chief products. 

 Cattle and sheep are numerous. There are extensive forests. The 

 largest horses in Prussia are bred in the government of Gumbinnen. 

 The chief rivers are the Memel [Niemen], which passes Tilsit, and 

 flows by several anns into thu Curische-Haff ; and the Pregcl, which 

 flows due west, and falls into the Frische-Haff below Koaigsberg. 



In the government of Gumbinnen the most important town, TUtU, 

 is situated on the left bank of the Memel, at the p tint where the 

 Tilse falls into that river. It is a pretty, well-built town, aud contains 

 five churches, a fine town-hall, a gymnasium, very extensive barracks, 

 two hospitals, and 17,179 iuhabitiuts, including the garrison. The 

 gymnasium had 12 professore aud 224 pupils iu 1850. The towns- 

 people trade in com, flax, hemp, timber, &c, aud manufacture beer, 

 spirits, leather, woollen-cloth, hosiery, firearms, and hardware. The 

 town is defended by a strong castle. Tilsit has acquired celebrity by 

 being the place where the famous treaties were concluded between 

 France, and Russia and Prussia, on the 7th and 9th of July, 1807. 

 /nsferfrvri^, a town of 8386 inhabitants, stands near the junction of 

 the Pregel and the Inster, on the left bank of the Angerap, 14 miles 

 W. from Gumbinnen and 30 miles S. by W. from 'Tilsit It haa 

 manufactures of cloth, linen, woollen stockings, and spirits, and 

 trades extensively in com and flax. The town has a castle and a 

 training school. Qumbinnm, the chief town of the government, 

 stands on the Pisso, east of lusterburg, and has about 7000 inhabit- 

 ants. The town is regularly built, anil haa woollen and linen factories, 

 distilleries, and tanyards ; the trade in com and flax-seed is import- 

 ant It has also a gymnasium vrith 11 professors and 237 pupils 

 (in 1850), a public library, and schools of architecture and midwifer}-. 

 Angerbwrg, 81 miles S.W. from Gumbinnen, is a small town of 

 about 4000 inhabitants, situated on the Angerap, which issues from 

 tlie Hauer-see a couple of miles to the souUi of the town. It has a 

 linen market, a castle, and manufactures of coarse woollens and 

 leather. The Mauer-see abounds in excelleut eels. 



OUNDUCK. [Hindustan.] 



OUNTOOR. [CiHCAKS, Northern.] 



OURWAL. [Hindustan.] 



GUSTROW. [Mecklenbubo Schwerin.] 



GUYANA, or GUIANA, is the name applied to the northeastern 

 portion of South America extending from the banks of the Orinoco 

 to those of the Amazonos River. Guyana has an area of more than 

 650,000 square miles, of which about five-sixths are included within 

 the boundaries of the empire of Braxil and the republic of Vene- 

 (uaU : a territory of about 50,000 square miles constitutes British 

 Guyana, about 80,000 square miles Surinam, or Dutch Guyana, and 

 about 14,000 square miles Cayenne, or French Guyana; but the 

 boundaries of the respective districts are in some instinc'^s not very 

 cleorly defined. 



The coast of Guyana is skirted by a mud bonk which extendi 

 some miles out to seik The water on this bank do^rcasos gradually 



