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HAINAULT, FKENCH. 



nALESWORTH. 



Ill 



The park still romuns ; it conlaiiu m temple, to which «evon noMe 

 •reouM of bseeh and chestnut-treea oouvei^t). Fontaint-T £vlque,(i luilea 

 K. from Charieroi, eontaini 8000 inhabitanta. It haa several smelting- 

 fumacM, iron-foundries, and uail and hardwara mannfiurtories. Got- 

 teiiei, a town with 5000 inhabitants, stands 5 miles N. from Charleroi : 

 nail-making, salt-refining, and glass-blowing ore carried on. Woollen- 

 cluth and hats also are manufactured here. Many of the inhabitants 

 are employed in the neighbouring coal-pits. Kear Gugseliua is OiUy, 

 which has a population of about 6000 in the commune, who are 

 employed chiefly in the coal-pibi and in the manufacture of cutlery. 

 Jjtninu, a town with fiOOO inhabitants, N. of Ath, ia almost sur- 

 rounded by the Dender. This is a place of much trade. The neigh- 

 bouring quarries furnish large qunutities of paving and buililiug 

 stone. There are salt-refineries, distilleries, and chicory-factories. 

 The other chief branches of traffic are coal, wood, and oil. Leuze, l^O 

 miles EL from Touruay, Btonda near the source of the Dender, aud 

 has 6000 inhabitants, many of whom are employed in bleaching, 

 brewing, aud dyeing. MoKS. Plrwdz, 12 miles E. by S. from 

 Toumay, on a feeder of the Schelde, is a town of 7000 infaabitautd, 

 who are principally occupied in manufacturing hosiery, cotton and 

 woollen cloths, lime, beer, aud leather. Rveulx, a small town contaiu- 

 iug 2450 inhabitants, is situated 8 miles N.E. fh>m Mons. The castle 

 of Rcculx, and the surrouuding gardens and grounds, which are laid 

 out in the English style, are much admired. St.-GhUlain, a small 

 fortified town 7 miles W. from Mons, in the middle of a great coal 

 district, stands on the Hoine and the Mons Canal, and has about 2UU0 

 inhabitants, who are engaged in bleaching linen, tauning, salt-refining, 

 soap-boiling, and brewing. St-Ghislaiu is a station on the railway 

 from Mons to Valenciennes. Near the fortifications is a modern 

 village called Ilomu, which was founded in 1823, and is built with 

 straight streets on a uniform plan, and houses all of the same height ; 

 it numbers about 4000 inhabitants, who are employed in the coal aud 

 iron-mines and iron-works of the neighbourhood. Steam-engines aud 

 steam machinery are manufactured here. West of St-Qbislain ia 

 Bouttu, a station on the same railroad, and a small town on the 

 Haine, with about 3000 inhabitants engaged chiefly in the export of 

 ooala. Soignia, a well-built town on the Semie, is 9 miles K. from 

 Mons, on the Brussels- Valenciennes railroad, and contains 6500 

 inhabitant:^ Many of the houses are large and handsome. The towu 

 is surrounded by old ramparts. The church of St-Viucent is said to 

 be the oldest building in the province. There is a college in the 

 town, an orphan asylum, a convent of the Sisters of Mercy, and seve- 

 ral other religious and choritoble establishments. Beer, spirits, and 

 leather ore manufactured ; and the large limestone quarries here are 

 a source of considerable profit. Tkuin, on the Sambre, 10 miles by 

 railway from Charleroi to Erquelinncs, stands partly on a steep rock, 

 and contains 4300 inhabitants, many of whom are engaged in the 

 iron-mine* and great iron-works in the vicinity. TouRNAy. C'our- 

 ceOes, 6 miles N. W. from Charleroi, contains 3226 inhabitants, who 

 manufacture nails and table-linen. Dour, 8 miles S.W. from Mons, 

 haa a population of about 6000, many of whom find employment in 

 the productive coal-mines and ironworks of the district. Jr'ontmoy, 

 an incouaiiierable village, 4 miles S.E. from Toumay, is historically 

 famous for the great battle fought there May 11, 17-15, between the 

 French under Marshal Saze, and the allied English, Austrians, aud 

 Dutch, commanded by the Duke of Cumberland, who was defeated 

 with the loss of 15,000 men. Jemmapa, the first station W. of Mons, 

 on the railway to Valenciennes, has a populatiou of 5000, who are 

 employed in brewing, tanning, and in the coal-mines. It is celebrated 

 for the victory gained on the 6th of November, 1792, over the Aus- 

 trians, by the French under Dumouriez and the Due de Cbartres (the 

 late Louis-Philippe), and which led to the conquest of Belgium, 

 Juoult, 3 miles N. from Charleroi, contains 0728 inhabitants, who are 

 engaged in the coal-mines aud in manufacturing glass, beer, spirits, 

 and leather. 



UAINAULT, FRENCH, a district in the north-east of France, 

 which formed with the Belgian province of Hainault the territory 

 occupied by the ancient Nurvii, whose capital was Bagacum, now 

 Barar, to the west of Maubeuge in the department of Nohu. It was 

 coded by Spain to France by the treaties of the Pyrenees (Nov. 7, 

 1C59) and Nimeguen (Sept, 17, 1678). Valenciennes, Maubeuge, 

 Coiidd, Bouchain, Avesnes, Le-Quennoy, and Landrecies were the 

 principal towns of this district, which iJii now included in the depart- 

 ment of Nord, 



MAINUURO. [Ess.] 



HAINES, a river in eastern Africa, which traverses the countries 

 comprrheiidod on our ma{>a under the name of Zanguebar. It flows 

 through an extensive valley separated by a series of sand-hills from 

 thacoaat south of Magadoxo, and filled with alluvial soil of great 

 fertility. The river, ii is su|ipoMid, originates in the high countries 

 which surround the moat southern Rfiluenta of the Abai. Lieutenant 

 Christopher was informed that north of 4° N. lat the river ia already 

 considerable. He visited it at Uirddi, a town situated 22 miles north- 

 west of Magadoxo, inhabited by more than 7000 persons, aud sur- 

 rounded by extensive fields, on which Indian com and millet yield 

 such abundant cro]* that large quantities are exported to Iladramaut 

 and Uman. The river was here about 200 feet wide, and too deep to 

 be forded in the dry season. From this place the Haines runs nearly 



pnmllcl to the coast, at a distance of from 4 to 20 miles, an<l 

 numerous villages are found on its banks, surrounded by extuisive 

 Gelds irrigated firom the river. The volume of water carried down 

 decreases considerably in consequence of this irrigation, and is less 

 at the moat southern point where it was seen by Lieutenant Christo- 

 pher, which was due north of the town of Brava, whero it was onl^ 

 from 70 to 150 feet broad, but from 10 to 15 feet deep. From this 

 place the river continues in a south-western directiou, and terminataa, 

 according to the natives, in an extensive lake said to be unfathomable. 

 This lake is about 60 miles from the eastern banks of the river Jubb, 

 or Qavind, and perhaps not much more than 20 milca from the sea. 

 The inhabitanta of the broad alluvial tract traversed by the Haines 

 River are a mixture of Somaulia, Oallas, and negroes, among which a 

 small number of Arabs are settled. (Christopher, In Lotidoa Oeoj/rapk. 

 Journal, vol. xiv.) 

 HAL. [Bkabast, South,] 



HALAS, fCOMANIA.] 



HALBERSfADT, a town in Prusxia, iu the government of Uigd»- 

 burg, is pleasantly situated on the river Ilulzemme a feeder of th« 

 Bode, one of the tributaries of the Saale, in 51° 53' 55' N. lat,, 

 11° 3' 53" E. long., 30 miles by railway S.W. from Magdeburg, and 

 has about 20,000 inhabitants. It is an ancient city, said to have been 

 founded by the Cheruaci ; though the actual date of its foundation is 

 unknown. It became a bishop'ii see in S04. The most ancient part 

 is the Dom Platz (Cathedral Square), formerly a castle. In 1179 the 

 greater part of ihe town was burnt by Henry the Lion ; it was rebuilt 

 iu 1203 and surrounded with ramparts. In the Thirty Years' War it 

 made o brave resistance ; in the Seven Years' War the French 

 destroyed the gates and a large portion of the ramparts. In 1809 

 Duke William of Brunswick-Oela stormed the city, ami made prisoners 

 of the whole Westphalian garrison under Count Wellingerode. In 

 1813 the Westphalian General Ochs, who was posted herewith 20,000 

 men and 1 4 pieces of cannon, waa suddenly attacked by the Russian 

 general Czeruitscheff, who took 1000 of his men and many officera 

 prisoners. The streets of Ualberstadt are for the most part long, 

 broad, and tolerably straight. It has various m.iuufactures, and a 

 considerable tra<le. It is the scat of a high court of justice, aud ha.4 

 a diocesan school, with a library of 8000 volumes, a cabinet of natural 

 history, and a collection of instruments ; a gymnasium, a seminary 

 for schoolmasters, a literary society, several charitalile foundations, 

 &0, There are seven Lutheran churches, two Calriniat, three Roman 

 Catholic churches, and a very handsome synagogue. The most 

 remarkable of the churches are those of Unsere Liebe Frau (Our 

 Dear Lady's), which is in the Byzantine style and was completed iu 

 1003 ; and the cathedral dedicate to St. Stephen, built iu the noblest 

 style of the 15th century— it is 412 feet long, 72 feet vride, aud 94 

 feet high inside, and has 32 altars. The attbedral contaius several 

 valuable pictures as well as interesting antiquities imd some paintings 

 on glass. The town has also a handsome town-hall and a theittro. 

 The industrial products of Halberstadt comprise woollen ataSa, leather, 

 carpets, linen, gloves, starch, tobacco, soap, &c. There ore also 

 many breweries, large oil-mills, and an active trade iu corn and 

 wool. 



HALEB. [Alrppo.] 



HALES OWEN, W oroesterahire, a market-town and borough, in 

 the parish of Hales Owen, ia situated iu 52° 32' N. lat., 2° 6' W. long., 

 distant 36 miles S.E. by E. from Shrewsbury, and 117 miles N.W, 

 from London by road. The population of the borough of Hales 

 Owen in 1851 was 2412. The living is a vicarage iu the orohdeaconry 

 and diocese of Worcester. 



The town of Hales Owen is pleasantly situated in a volley, and 

 contains many good houses. The parish church is a fine building, 

 with a handsome spire supported by four arches. The ludependeuts, 

 Baptists, and Wesleyan Methodists have chapels. In Hales Oweu are 

 a Free school, founded about 16j2, which has an income of above 

 1002. a year, and had 60 scholars in 1853; National schools, and an 

 Infant school. Nails and hardware aro extensively made. The 

 market-day is Monday ; fairs are held on Easter Monday aud Whit- 

 Monday. Some remains exist of an abbey of Pricmonstratensiau 

 canons, built in the n-ign of King Jolm. Near Hales Owen is the 

 Leasowea, the birth-place and residence of the poet Shenstoue, and 

 the grounds of which were arranged by him, Shenstone was buried 

 in Hales Owen churchyard, and the church contains a monument to 

 bis memory. 



HALESWORTH, Suffolk, a market-town in the parish of Hales- 

 worth, is situated in 62° 21' N. lat., 1° 30' E. long., 31 miles N.E, by 

 N. from Ipswich, and 100 miles N.E. by N. from London. The 

 population of the town of Halesworth in 1851 was 2529. The living 

 IS a rectory in the archdeacoury of Sufiblk and diocese of Norwich. 

 The town is irregularly laid out ; the stroets are wide and lighted 

 with gas, A small river, a feeder of the Blyth, nuis through the 

 town, up to which the Blyth and its affluent have been made 

 navigable, and wherries from Southwold come to the quay. Agri- 

 cultural |>roduce is exported, and coal, lime, and general merchandise 

 are imported. The parish church is a handsome gothio building. 

 There are chapels for Independents, Baptists, and Wesleyan Method- 

 ists; National and British schools, a savings bouk, and a literary 

 institute, A county court is held. Malting is very extensively 



