﻿HALIFAX. 



HALLE. 



carried on. The market, which ia the largest corn-market in Suffolk, 

 is held on Tuesday. (Communication from Malesworth,.) 



HALIFAX, West Riding of Yorkshire, a market-town, municipal, 

 and parliamentary borough, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the 

 parish of Halifax, is situated in 53° 44' N. lat., and 1° 52' W. long., 

 distant 43 miles S.W. by W. from York, 197 miles N.W. by N. from 

 London by road, and 217 miles by the North-Western and Lancashire 

 and Yorkshire railways. The population of the borough in 1851 

 was 33,582 ; the population of the entire parish was 149,257. The 

 borough is governed by a mayor, aldermen, and councillors, and 

 returns two members to the Imperial Parliament. The living of 

 Halifax ia a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Craven and diocese 

 of Ripon. Halifax Poor-Law Union contains 20 townships and 

 chapelries, with an area of 51,624 acres, and a population in 1851 of 

 120,942. 



The parish of Halifax is one of the largest in England, being 75,740 

 acres in extent, and includes 23 townships and chapelries. The 

 borough comprises the township of Halifax and parts of the townships 

 of Northowram and Southowram. In 1848 the borough was incor- 

 porated by royal charter. The town, which is almo.st wholly sur- 

 rounded by hiJls, is situated on the south-eastern declivity of an 

 eminence which rises to a considerable height above the river Hebble. 

 The Hebble flows through the eastern parts of the town, and falls into 

 the C'alder. Halifax is well lighted with gas, and has an ample 

 supply of water from reserroini near the town. Hany great improve- 

 ments have been effected of late years ; and the town generally has a 

 handsome appearance. 



The parish church of Halifax ia a handsome and spacious edifice, 

 erected at different dates. Trinity church is a handsome Grecian 

 building, with Ionic pilasters, and an elegant tower surmounted by a 

 dome : it was built in 1795. St. James's church, built in 1831, is in 

 the pseudo-gothic style, with turrets at the west end. Besides these 

 there are upwards of 20 churches in the pariah. The other places of 

 worship are the Roman Catholic chapel, which was built in 1836, 

 three chapels for Independents, two each for Baptists, Wesleyan 

 Methodists, and New Connexion Methodists, and one each for Primi- 

 tive Methodists, Quakers, and Unitarians. The number of schools 

 within the bounds of Halifax Poor-Law Union in 1851 was 239, of 

 which 63 were public schools with 9469 scholars, and 171 wereprivate 

 schools with 5501 scholars. The number of Sunday schools was 136 

 with 23,644 scholars, of which 32, with 5916 scholars, were under 

 the superintendence of the Established Church. Heath Grammar 

 school, founded in 1585, has an income from endowment of about 

 270^. a year, and had 60 scholars in 1853. In 1851 there were 19 

 evening schools for adults with 724 pupils, and 13 literary and scien- 

 tific institutions, with about 2300 members, and about 14,000 volumes 

 in their libraries. The infirmary ia a very noble building; the first 

 stone was liiid in September 1836. It affords medical and surgical 

 assistance both to in and out-door patients. The public baths are of 

 a superior class. There are assembly-rooms and a theatre. Halifax 

 possesses a savings bank. A county court is held in the town. 



H«lif«T ranks next to Leeds and Bradford as a seat of the woollen 

 and worsted manufactures. Ha ample supply of water power ; its 

 proximity to Manchester and Leeds ; an abundant supply of ooal ; 

 its inland navigation by means of the Rochdale Canal, and the rivers 

 Calder and Hebble; and its central position with respect to the 

 leading lines of railway, have combined tD increase the manufac- 

 turing and commercial importance of Halifax. In an early period 

 of the history of the woollen mantifacturo, a peculiar local law, known 

 ■a the Halifax Gibbet law, was enacted for the protection of clothiers 

 from the depredations to which their goods were exposed during the 

 process of manufacture. The magistrates were invested with power 

 to inflict capital punishment on all persons who stole property of the 

 value of thirteen pence halfpenny within the liberties or precincts of 

 the forest of Hardwick. The felon was to be deliberately and publicly 

 tried by a jury consisting of the frith-burghers within the liberty, who 

 could only convict however if the culprit were taken in the act of 

 thieving ; if the stolen goods were found on him ; or on bis own confes- 

 sion. On the first market-day following the conviction he was executed 

 by means of an instrument somewhat resembling the guillotine. The 

 chief articles manufactured at Halifax are worsted stuffs, including 

 shalloons, tammies, calamancoes, duroys, everlastings, moreens, shags, 

 serges, merinos; also baizes, narrow and broad cloths, and kersey- 

 mere^ Bombasins, CTBpes, damasks, and other fabrics composed of silk 

 and worsted, are also made, and the cotton manufacture is extensively 

 carried on. A small portion of the population is employed in making 

 mill-machinery and wool-cards. Several paper-mills and a large 

 caipet manufactory are in the parish. Coal, slate, and freestone are 

 extensively raised. There is a large trade in com. 



A weekly market is held oo Saturday, chiefly for the sale of woollen 

 cloth. The Piece Hall, which was erected in 1779 by the shalloon 

 and other worsted manufacturers, at a cost of 12,000/., is a large 

 quadnuigular stone building. It contains 315 apartments for the 

 reception of goods. Fairs are held on June 24th, and the first Satur- 

 day in November, for cattle, horses, Ac. 



Daniel De Foe re8ide<l in Halifax when he wrote Robinson Crusoe; 

 and Sir William Herschel was for some time organist at the parish 

 church. Archbishop Tillotson was bom at Haughend. Steme Mills 



perpetuate the local rememberauce of the family of Laurence Sterne. 

 Throughout the pariah are numerou.'i villages; also many fine 

 mansions, the residences of opulent families. 



{Comviunication from Halifax.) 



HALIFAX, a city, sea-port, aud the capital of the colony of Nova 

 Scotia, is situated in 44° 40' N. lat.. 63° 3s' W. long. , on the west side 

 of a deep inlet of the sea called Halifax Harbour, which extends several 

 miles inland on the south-ea.st coiust of Nova Scotia, and forms one of 

 the finest ports on the eastern side of America. The town is built on 

 the declivity of a hill, and the harbour in front of it, where ships 

 usually anchor, is a mile wide ; higher up, the inlet contracts to a 

 quarter of a mile, and then suddenly expands into a capacious bay 

 called Bedford Basin, which comprises an area of 10 square miles, is 

 completely land-locked, is easily accessible, has deep wat*'r throughout, 

 and could accommodate the whole navy of Great Britain. Halifax is 

 the principal naval station in British America. It is defended by 

 forts and batteries ; it has a dockyard which covers an area of 

 14 acres, and a well-appointed naval arsenal. Mail steamers run 

 between Liverpool, Halifax, and Boston every alternate week, Halifax 

 being regarded as the intermediate port between Liverpool aud 

 Boston. There is regular communication by canal with the Bay of 

 Fundy, and by steamers and sailing-vessels with all the great poi*ts of 

 Canada, the United States, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and the 

 West Indies. Halifax imports the native products of the West Indies 

 and the United States, and the manufactures of Great Britain : and 

 exports dried aud pickled fish, lumber, flour, cattle, whale and seal- 

 oil, and furs. The estimated value of the imports in 1851 was as 

 follows: — From Great Britain, 401,022i. ; Nortli American Colonies, 

 181,549i. ; West Indies, 7385i.; other British colonies, 15,000i. ; 

 United States of America, 223,835i. ; foreign states, 165,393?. ;— total, 

 994,1841. The exports for the year amounted to 319,720/. The 

 exports included 243,847 quintals of codfish, 92,484 barrels of mackerel, 

 56,281 barrels of herrings, 7046 boxes of smoked herrings, 5979 

 barrels of salmon, and 5985 casks of fish-oil. The shipping inwards 

 during 1851 amounted in all to 1123 vessels of 147,600 tons, em- 

 ploying 10,630 men. The total shipping outwards was 1016 ships 

 of 133,864 tons, manned by 10,001 seamen. The town is regularly 

 laid out, and has a handsome appearance, though the houses are 

 mostly of wood. The population of Halifax county in 1851 was 

 39,112, of which the city probably contains about four-fifths. In the 

 county there were 74 places of worship. The respective numbers of 

 adherents of the six principal religious denominations were as 

 follows :— Roman Catholics, 13,317; Church of England, 10,245; 

 Presbyterians, 6804 ; Baptists, 3525 ; Methodists, 2457 ; Congrega- 

 tionalists, 515. Among the places of worship in the city is a large 

 Roman Catholic cathedraL The Province Building, in the centre 

 of the town, a well-built edifice of freestone, 140 feet long, 70 

 feet wide, and 42 feet high, contains the chambers of meeting 

 for the legislative bodies, the custom-house, the oflicea of the pro- 

 vincial government, aud the superior law-courts. The other principal 

 public buildings are — the courthouse,'the exchange, assembly-rooms, 

 theatre, prison, workhouse, Dalhousie College, and several public 

 schools. 



HALL. [Jaxt; Ttbol; Wubtembebo.] 



HALLAMSHIRE. [Yorkshire.] 



HALLATON. [Lancashire.] 



HALLE, a town on the Saale, in the district of Merseberg, pro- 

 vince of Saxony, in Prussia, is situated at the junction of the Thurin- 

 gian railway with the line to Magdeburg and Leipzig, 53 miles S.S.E. 

 from the former city, 20 milea N.W. from the latter : population, 

 including the suburbs, about 30,000. It is celebrated chiefly for its 

 salt-works, and as the seat of the Frederick University. It consista 

 of three towns, namely, Halle itself with five auburbs, and Glaucha 

 and Neumarkt, which have magistrates of their own. The town is 

 old, and surrounded by walls. The university was founded in 1694, 

 and by a decree of the king of Prusaia was united in 1817 with that 

 of Wittenberg. It has always maintained a very high character, aud 

 has a number of scientific institutions connected with it, such as the 

 botanic garden, a museum, theological and philological seminaries, a 

 medical, chirurgical, and clinical institution for surgery, midwifery, 

 &o., an anatomical theatre, a chemical laboratory, an observatory, a 

 mining institution with a cabinet of minerals, &c. There are four 

 faculties — Protestant theology, law, medicine, and philosophy ; the 

 number of professors and teachers is 69; the number of students 

 in 1850 was 693. Halle haa alao two gymnasia, or liigh schools — the 

 Pffida^'ogium, with 16 professors and 101 students ; and the Prankache 

 Stiftung, with 25 teachers aud 388 pupils. The university liln-ary 

 consists of 90,000 volumes. Although the town is on the whole 

 an ill-built place, there are several remarkable buildings, among 

 which are St. Mary's church, built in the gothic style in the 1 6th cen- 

 tury ; St. Ulrich's church, built in 1339 ; that of St. Maurice, of the 

 middle of the 12th century ; the cathedral, built in 1520-23 ; the red 

 tower, in the market-place ; and the town-hall. The ancient castle, 

 called Moritzberg, formerly the residence of the archbishops of Mag- 

 deburg, was reduced to a ruinous condition in the Thirty Years' War, 

 and only a wing of it now remains, which has been converted into a 

 Calvinist church. In the Glaucha suburb there is an orphan n-sylum, 

 founded by a professor named Franko, who gave name also to the 



