﻿139 



HAMBURG. 



HAMPSHIRE 



finance, &c : 3. A committee of 20, named by the civic body from 

 among its o\ra members to assist the Senate in matters of urgency 

 and difficulty : 4, Annually elected burgomasters, none of whom iu 

 ease of re-election can retain office for more than two successive years. 

 There are now only three burgomasters. The first, chosen by the 

 Senate and by a secret vote, presides in the Senate ; the second bui^o- 

 master is similarly elected by the Senate ; the third is chosen by the 

 citizens. 



In the part of the town that escaped burning in 1842, as in most 

 of the old fortified towns of Germany, the streets are in general 

 narrow, irregular, and dark ; the houses old-fashioned and awkward, 

 and yet not interesting to the lovers of antiquity. la modem times 

 handsome houses have been erected in some streets, but they are 

 exceptions. From the number of canals that intersect it, the anti- 

 quated form of its houses, and the trees that grow along the streets, 

 .the old part of Hamburg greatly resembles a Dutch town. 



In the part devastated by the fire of 1842 a complete system of 

 drainage has been executed ; a large extent of marshy ground on the 

 right bank of the Elbe filled up and raised with the rubbish of the 

 old buildings ; the whole space laid out upon a regular plan ; and a 

 great part of it covered with streets and warehouses. The finest new 

 buildings are in the neighbourhood of the AUter and round the small 

 lake which it forms within the city. Many of these buildings are 

 hrge, with granite foundations, and superstructures of brick and 

 stucco. The styles of the houses are various — Lombard, Gothic, 

 Florentine, ie., which, combined in one view, form groups of domestic 

 architecture almost unrivalled for beauty and extent. The finest 

 hotels are built round the Alster Lake, and here is an arcade of great 

 architectural beauty. A new Rathhaus, or town-hall, is beuig erected 

 on one side of a square facing the Exchange. The churches of St. 

 Nicholas and St. Peter, destroyed by the fire, are being rebuilt The 

 Borse, or Exchange, which escaped the coufiagration though surrounded 

 on all sides by burning houses, is a stuccool brick building of great 

 beauty. The central part forms a hall 48 paces long and 26 puces 

 wide, exclusive of the colonnade, which is double at each end and 

 treble at tb*e sides. A broad gallery runs round the hall, communi- 

 cating with reading and refreshment rooms, a bank, library, &c. The 

 board of trade holds its sittings in this building. The city has a fine 

 theatre, one of the largest in Germany, and throughout the city there 

 are numerous public ball-rooms. 



Hambmrg is not distinguished for ecclesiastical buildings. The 

 number of churches has been considerably reduced : the ancient 

 cathedral was pulled down almost as soon as it was ceded to Ham- 

 burg, and since the peace four or five smaller churches have been 

 demolished. The church of St Gertrude, consumed in 1842, is we 

 believe not to be rebuilt Of the eight or nine churches that still 

 remain the most worthy of notice is the great church of St Michael, 

 which was begun in 1751 and completed in 1782, except the spire, 

 which was not erected till 1778. This church is capable of accommo- 

 dating 2000 persons : the height of the steeple is said to be 456 feet 

 The Roman Catholics use the small church of St. SUchael. Hamburg 

 has a great number and variety of charitable institutions, the bare 

 enumeration of which would exceed our limits, but of which it may 

 be affirmed that they are on the most liberal plan, and managed in 

 the most exemplary manner. These are only two learned institutions 

 supported by the state — the Johanneum, built on the site of the 

 cathedral, designed to qualify young men for the university ; and the 

 Gymnasium. Hamburg has numerous literary institutions ; a city 

 library, containing nafirly 160,000 volumes, besides 1000 volumes of 

 manuscripts ; and a commercial library of 30,000 volumes. The 

 favourite public walk is the Jungfernstieg, a broad terrace round 

 three sides of the Alster Lake, or basin. Near the Jungfernstieg are 

 the best shops in Hamburg, The greater part of the rampni-ta have 

 been levelled and planted, and laid out in pretty walks and drives, 

 nHbrding at points fine views of the river and the neighbourlug 

 country. The public cemetery is outside the Damm Gate, near tlio 

 Jungfernstieg. The gates of the city are closed at dusk, after which 

 n toll is demanded. A guard is placed at the gates whilst they are 

 closed. Consuls from almost every state in the world reside iu Ham- 

 burg. Steam-boats ply regularly to London, Hull, Amsterdam, and 

 Havre; and daily up the Elbe to Magdebui-g. Hamburg has direct 

 railway communicition with Berlin, from which it is distant 176 miles 

 to tbq north-west ; from Harburg, on the left bank of the Elbe, it 

 communicates with Hauover (106 miles), and thence by the Cologiie- 

 Minden lino with the Rhine and Belgian railroads ; and from Altona, 

 which adjoins one of its suburbs, with Kiel (65 miles) and the Baltic. 

 The city is connected by electro-telegraphic wires with all the great 

 towns of Europe. 



The total debt of the republic, including 31,814,000 marcs borrowed 

 in consequence of the fire of 1812, amounted to 60,940,288 marcs 

 current, or 3,974,679/. 12*. sterling. 



In the budget for 1853 the rovenno from public propcHy, direct 

 mid indirect taxes, was estimated at 0,142,350 marcs ciurent, or 

 '■21. Os. 74<'. ; and the expenditure at 6,156,280 maros, or 

 ■.'t. 15s. ■ 



i lie harbour admits vessels of 14 feet draught at all times; ships 

 with 18 feet draught can come up at high water. At the end of 18r>2 

 there belonged to the port 869 vessels measuring 37,628 lasts of 6000 lbs. 



amoa. otr, toi.. ur. 



each ; in this number are included 6 steamers. In the course of 1852 

 the arrivals from different ports of Europe numbered 3960 ships; 

 from Asia, 46 ; from Africa, 17 ; from America, 413 ; and from Aus- 

 tralia, 4 ; making a total of 4410 ships measuring 280,585 lasts, and 

 manned by 37,787 men. Of the arriv.als 403 were in ballast Iu the 

 same year the departures for European ports numbered 3U91 ships ; 

 for Asia, 19 ; for Africa, 15 ; for America, 447 ; and for Australia, 8 ; 

 making a total of 4480 ships measuring 281,728 lasts, and manned by 

 37,973 men. Of the departures 2136, or nearly one-half, were in 

 ballast 



The trade of Hamburg is in a gi-eat measure passive, that is, it 

 depends more upon the varying wants of other countries than upon 

 its own. The free navigation of the Elbe below the town is the great 

 cause of its commercial pre-eminence. Through Hamburg, Prussia 

 and a gi-cat part of Germany receive foreign produce and export their 

 own. The great article.^ of import into Hamburg are tea, sugar, 

 cofiee, cocoa, tobacco, raw cotton, rice, hides, pepper, indigo, pimento, 

 ginger, olive-oil, dye-stuffs, raisins, almonds, iron, bullion, cotton-twist, 

 wine, brandy, rum, dried fruit, palm- and fish-oil, salt herrings, &c. 

 These articles of coui-so enter also into the exports. The prmcipal 

 native exports arc corn, wool, lincu, clover-seed, bark, butter, salt 

 provisions, rags, wooden clocks, Rhenish wines, German manufactures, 

 pitch, tar, flax, wax, &c. The total value of the imports in 1840 was 

 177,000,000 marcs banco, or 13,575,000/, sterling; it had increased 

 for the year 1851 to 373,277,940 mares banco, or 27,218,183/. 2s. 6d. 

 sterling. The total v.ilue of the exports iu 1S40 was 105,500,000 

 marcs banco, or 7,912,500/. sterling; iu 1851 it had risen to 338,163,370 

 marcs banco, equal to 24,657,745/. Us. Id. 



The largest vessels that trade to Hamburg sometimes load and un- 

 load into lighters at Cuxhaven at the mouth of the Elbe. The 

 channel at the mouth of the river Icadiug to Cuxhaven is throe-fourths 

 of a mile wide at the narrowest part, between the Vogel Sands ou 

 the north, and the Schaarhorn Sands and Neuwerk Island ou the 

 south. On the island are two lighthouses, 700 yards apart; the more 

 southerly is 128 feet high, and stands in 53° 54' 57" N. lat, 8° 29' 40" 

 E. long,, the other is only 64 feet high. The entrance of the river is 

 marked by a light ship, and the channel all the way up to H.amburg 

 is marked by black and white buoys on the starboard and larboard 

 sides respectively. A pilot is necessary in navigating the river, aud a 

 pilot galliot is stationed near Neuwerk Island. 



There are no docks or quays at Hamburg. Vessels moor in the 

 river outside of piles a short distance from the shore, and load and 

 unload by means of lighters. Small craft lie iu a sort of inner har- 

 bour formed by an arm of tlie Elbe which runs into the city. The 

 business done in Hamburg in bauking, exchange, and insurance trans- 

 actions is very extensive. A foreigner cannot carry on any business 

 in his own name in the city without becoming a burgher, which he can 

 do however by paying an amount of fees not exceeduig 10/., and thus 

 acquire all the rights and privileges of a native. 



HAMELN. [Hanovku.] 



HAMILTON (.-mciently Cadzow), Lanarkshire, Scotland, a parlia- 

 mentary burgh and market-town, iu the parish of Hamilton, is 

 situated near the confluence of the Avon Water with the Clyde, 11 

 miles S,E, from Glasgow, in 55° 47' N. hit, 4° 2' W, long. The popu- 

 lation of the burgh in 1851 was 9630, The town is governed by a 

 provost, three bailies, and eight councillors ; and jointly with Airdrie, 

 Falkirk, Lanark, and Linlithgow, returns ono member to the Imperi.il 

 Parliament. 



The town, which is lighted with g!is, is irregularly built, but pos- 

 sesses some good buildings. The Episcopal church is much admired. 

 The parish church is a Grecian edifice ; the United Presbyterians have 

 four chapels, and the Roman Catholic and Free Church congregations 

 have each a large chapel. The nuw academy, replacing the old 

 Grammar school, is a handsome building, A mechanics institution 

 and a savings bank are in the town. Haudloom weaving is the chief 

 occupation of the inhabitants. Young females are generally engaged 

 in timbour or sewed musliu work. A few still manufacture 

 Hamilton lace. In the neighbourhood of the town are extensive 

 barracks, 



Hamilton Palace is a superb building, and contains many valuable 

 paintings. The building called Chatelherault, the ancient castle of 

 Cadzow, and the remains of the Old Caledonian Forest, are among the 

 objects of auti{iuariaii interest iu the town and its vicinity, 



(Commvmicalion from JlamUlon.) 



HAMILTON, [Bermudas; Canada; Van Diemens Land,] 



HAMM, [AiiNSBKRo,] 



HAMMERFEST. [Nouway.] 



HAMMERSMITH. [Middlesex,] 



HAMOAZE, [Plymolth.] 



HAMOON, [Seistan.] 



HAMPDEN, [BucKiNGHAMSiiinE.] 



HAMPRESTON, [DonsKTsmnE.] 



HAMPSHIRE, or as it is styled iu some official documents, the 

 county of SOUTHAMPTON, and more familiarly HANTS, a southern 

 maritime county of England, lies between 50° 34' and 51° 22' N. lat, 

 0° 43' and 1° 54 W. long. It is principally on the mainland of England, 

 but includes the Isle of Wiuut, Hampshire is bounded N, by Berk- 

 shire, E. by Surrey and Sussex, S. by the English Channel, and W. by 



