﻿IM 



HAMPSHIRE, NEW. 



HANOVEa 



IM 



Id X&Si than war* IS nvion banki in the county, at Alreaford, 

 Alton, Andovar, Baaingirtoka, Fardiam, Ooaport, H»Tant, Lymington, 

 Nawport (Iile of Wight), Petcnfield, Portimouth, Southampton, and 

 Windiaater. The total amount owing to depoaitora on NoTember 

 SOth 1852 waa 576,650/. 6<. id. 



HAMPSHIRE, NEW. [New Hammhib*.] 



HAHI'STEAD, Middlaaex, a villaga in tha pariah of St. John, 

 Hampataad, i< sitaat«d on a oonaiderable eminenoe, about 4 milea 

 N.W. from London, in 61* 88' N. l»t, 0' 10' W. long. Tha parUh 

 haa been comtituted a Union under the PooivLaw Board, and contains 

 an area of 2252 acren, and a population in 1S51 of 11,986. The 

 living ia a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Middleaex and 

 diooaae of London. The salubrity of the air, and the extensive and 

 pleasant prospvcta obtained from the heath, which is on the summit 

 of the hill on which the villas ia built, have rendered Hampetead a 

 bivoturite place of reaidence and of holiday resort Many handsome 

 villas have b«en erected in the vicinity, and on the line of the Hamp- 

 ataad road to London. The village it lighted with gas and paved. 

 Hampatead church, erected in 1745, was enlaiged in 1844. It is in 

 the Italian style, and will aooommodate 1600 persons. In the parish 

 are two district churches, a proprietaiy chapel, places of worship for 

 Baptists, Independents, English Presbyterians, WeiOoyan MethodistB, 

 Unitarians, and Roman Catholics, and several National, Infant, Pres- 

 byterian, and Roman Catholic schools. The villsge contains a 

 savings bank, a literary institution, a public library, and a dispensary. 

 At Haveistocic Hill in this pariah, is the extensive new building for 

 the Orphan Working School. (Communication /rom Hamptttad.) 



HAMPSTEAD, NOHRia [Bebkshibb.] 



HAMPTON. [Mmm-EBEX.] 



HAMPTON, LITTLE. [SussKx] 



HANAU, the capital of the province of Hanau in the Electorate of 

 Heaae-Cassel in Germany, is situated in an extensive plain on the river 

 Kinzig, near its junction with the Main, 12 miles by railway E. from 

 Frankfurt-am-Main, and 86 miles S.S.W. from Csssel, and has a popu- 

 lation of about 16,000 including the suburbs. It conaists of an old 

 and a new town. In the former ia the magniBcent castle, the gymna- 

 sium, the theatre, the hospital, and the synagogue. The new town 

 haa straight broad streets, and in the middle of it a large market- 

 place, forming an oblong patnllelogram, with handsome fountains in 

 the four comers, and the large town-hall at one end. The cathedral 

 has a leaning tower, like that at Pisa. Hanau ia the leading manufac- 

 turing town in Hease-Cassel : its industrial products comprise silks, 

 ribands, cottons, carpets, leather, gloves, hosiery, porcelain, jewellery, 

 carriagee, &c. There is also a connderable trade in wine, timber, and 

 caaka. in the vicinity are the electoral palace of Pbiliperube and 

 the baths of Wilhelmsbad. On October 30, 1818, Napoleon I. in his 

 retreat from Leipzig totally defeated at Hanau an army of Bavarians 

 and Austrians, commanded by Prince Wrede. 



HANDSWORTH. (Stapfobwhire] 



HANLET, Stafibrdshire, one of the pottery towns, ia situated near 

 the centre of the pottery district, in 63° 2' N. lat, 2° 9' W. long., 

 distajit about a mile N. from Stoke, and 149 milea N.W. from London. 

 The township of Hanley ia united with that of Shcltou into one 

 mariiet-town, the largeat in the district, of which the population in 

 1861 waa 25,869. It atands on the south-western slope of a gently- 

 rising eminence. The streets, which are of good width, have side 

 pavements for foot patsengers, and are lighted with gas. The town 

 contains some elegant housea and spacious shops. The market-ball 

 is a convenient building. The chapel at Hanley is a commodious 

 brick building, with a tower 100 feet high. The Wesleyan and New 

 Connexion Methodists, Independents, and Baptists have places of 

 worship, and there are National and British schools, a government 

 acbool of design, and a mechanics institute. The population ore 

 chiefly engaged in the earthenware manufacture. There is a lai^ge 

 paper-miir Wednesday and Saturday are the market-daya. 



HANOVER, THE KINGDOM OF, is situated between 61' 18' 

 and 68* 52' N. Ut, 6" 85' and 11" 41' E. long. It is bounded N.W. 

 ^ the German Ocean; N. by the Elbe (which separates it from 

 Bolstein, Hamburg, and Mecklenburg) ; E. and S.E. by Prussia and 

 Brunswick; S.W. by Heaae-Cassel, Lippe, and Prussia; and W. by 

 Holland. 



Ana and Subdiritiont. — The entire area of the kingdom of Hanover 

 Is about 14,830 iiouaro milea: the population in 1862 was 1,819,268. 

 The following table shows the principal divisions (landdrosteien) 

 of the kingdom, with the extent and population of each : — 





Capitals. 



Arts in Eii(. 



Population, 





BtaareUUes. 



Dee.S, Ut3. 



Bsnorn' . . 



HiBovvr * 



S,IM 



t4t,MI 





HlMcsMm 



1,721 



SS;,88S 



Maatart . . . 



Uasbort . . . 



4,140 



ssa,7e4 



Mad* 



Mate 



3,624 



S7»,«S4 



Oowbrikk . . . 



Otaabrock . . . 



3,414 



Stl.tSi 



ABrich . 



Eadm . 



1,156 



186,13S 



Oaastbal . , . 



CISBSUlSl . . . 



344 



*t,7S0 



Total . . 





U,HO 



l,«l»,2«t 



Sm^act, Hydrography, Otmmmiieatioiu.—Th» southern prinoipali- 

 tiaa of Qrubenhagen and QiMiagea are mountainous : in the former 

 are tha Habs, in tha latter tha SoUingsrwald Mountains. Tha 

 graataat elevation ia the Kdniugabetg in the Harm range, 3300 feet 

 high. Lowar ranges, uniting the Han and Bollingerwald, traverae 

 the greater part of Hildesheim and Calenbeig ; but from the citiea 

 of Hildeaheim, Hanover, and Oanabrttok, the whole country is one 

 vast phiin sloping gently to the aea-ooast, with only occasional and 

 not considerable elevations. The mountains abound in mineral 

 wealth, and are covered with forests of red pine and fir, with some 

 oaks and other timber. Between the mountains are tJie most fertile 

 valleys, and where the country slopes from the mountains to the 

 plain there is excellent arable land. Then follows a sandy tract, the 

 Heath of Liineburg, from 50 to 70 milea in breadth, which crosaes the 

 kingdom from east to west, and, where left to itself, is covered with 

 heath, and in some places with fir. It ia an elevated flat, broken only 

 towards the north by sand-hills. In the lower tracts are great 

 manhes, or peat moors, as the Bourtanger and the Saterland Moor 

 on the Ems, and the Hoch Moor, which occupies the north-weatem 

 angle of the kingdom. The low-country by the sea-cosat is below the 

 sea-level, and is protected by embankments and dykes similar to those 

 of Holland. All this part of tha country is alluvial, and numerous 

 marine substances are fovmd preserved in it. 



The principal rivers are the Elbc, which receives the Jotze, 

 Ilmenau, Este, and Oste ; the Wesbb, the chief affluent of which in 

 Hanover is the Leine; and the Ems, which receives in its course 

 the Liihe ; all these rivera empty themselves into the German Ocean. 

 There are only two large lakes ; the Steinhudermeer and the Dtt- 

 meraee, which latter abounds in fish. In East Friesland is the sub- 

 terraneous Lake Jordan, the suifaoe of which is so thickly over- 

 grown with vegetation that waggons can pass over it. 



Hanover has several railways, all of which centre in the capital. The 

 Hanover and Bremen line connecting those towns is 76 miles long. 

 The Hanover and Hamburg railway, which runs to Harburg opposite 

 Hamburg, is 106 miles long; and has a branch between Lehrte and 

 Hildesheim 14 miles long, and a short branch to Harzburg. The 

 Hanover and Brunswick line has about 30 miles in Hanover. The 

 Hanover and Minden line has about 35 miles in Hanover. Some other 

 lines are in course of construction or projected. 



Geology and Mineralogy. — The mountain regions belong mostly to 

 the Silurian system : under this is granite, which in several plaoea 

 forms the suHaoe rock. Flinty-slate and clay-alate, known as gran- 

 wackd, are the most prevalent strata. Above these are ahales and 

 limestone rocks; and m the hills between the Weaer and the Leine 

 carboniferous strata ooour. The great sandy moors and plains are 

 composed of the clays and sands of the Wealden formation, and 

 abound in fossil animal and v^etable remains. Over these wide 

 districts numerous granite boulders, many of very lai;ge size, are 

 scattered. 



The mineral riches of the kingdom are very important; mining 

 forming a principal branch of the national industry. The more valu- 

 able metals are chiefly found in the Harz Mountains ; the mines are 

 worked by the government, and some in conjunction with the govern- 

 ment of Bniuswick. Gold is found, but in extremely small quantities. 

 Lead, rich in silver, is worketl largely in the neighbourhood of 

 Clausthal and on the Brunswick border. Copper mines are worked 

 in the same localities, and the ore is very productive. Zinc is also 

 obtained. Iron-ore is widely difibsed, and the ore is rich, but the 

 works are much lees productive than they might be rendered under a 

 better system of working. Coal is found in several places between 

 the Leine and the Weser. There are cousidornble salt mines. 



Climate, Soil, Productiont. — The climate ia on the whole mild and 

 temperate, difiering of course according to the relative situation of 

 mountain or plain, kc. The lower parts are moist, and fogs are frequent; 

 but the winters are milder than in the interior. On the sea-coast violent 

 hnrrioMiea are not imfrequent during the winter. The prevailing 

 winds are the north-west in winter, the east in spring, an<l the south- 

 west in summer. The mean annual temperature of the kingdom is 

 about 46° Fahr., at Liineburg it is 48°, in the Harz district It is only 

 43°. The average annual fall of rain is about 23'5 inches. 



On the whole, the soil is of inferior quality. The most fertile dis- 

 triota are the flat alluvial tracts at the mouths of the Elbe and Weser, 

 and generally in those parts occupied by the Wealden clays. Next 

 to those are the banks of the rivers and the narrow valleys and lower 

 slopes of the mbuntain districts, especially where the limestone rocks 

 prevaiL Much of Arenburg is only fit for grazing. The broad belt 

 of sandy heath is for the most part barren, but many htmdred 

 thousand acres of land susceptible of cultivation still lie waste ; and a 

 large part of the inferior soil is, owing to insufficiency of manure and 

 the backward condition of agriculture generally, far from being 

 rendered as productive aa it might be. The excessive Rubdivision of 

 the land, with the consequent smallneas of the forms and inadequacy 

 of capital, is onid to be a principal cause of this inferiority in the state 

 of agriculture. Still agriculture is the chief soaroe of subsistence to 

 the inhabitants, and more attention has been paid to its improve- 

 ment by landowners and other influential persons within the last few 

 years. Of the entire area of the country about two-fifths are returned 

 aa arable and meadow land ; a somewhat larger amount ia occupied 



