﻿1«S 



HANOVER. 



HABROQATE. 



lU 



KalaAtrg, on tha left bmnk of tho Lcine, 12 milea S. from Hanover. 

 On the nght bank of the river are the ruins of an old eaatle, onoe the 

 reeidenoe of tho prinoea of Kalenber;;- HaNOVER ia the chief town 

 of the province and of tha kJng<lom. JJamabt, a town on the left bank 

 of the Weser, in the aouth-weat of tho province, 25 miles from Hano- 

 ver, haa about 7000 inhabitanta. It is situated in 62° 5' 29' N. lat, 

 9* SO' 18' £. long., and is an important position, sa it commands the 

 navigation of the Wrser. It is surrounded b; a wall, and was formerly 

 defended also by a citadel called Fort Gleor);e, on the left bank of the 

 river, but this the French blew up in 1 S06. The town though small 

 haa some huge public buildings, mcludlng two Lutheran churches, a 

 Calviniet moctiug-house, and a monastery. Its position on a navigable 

 rivar and on one of the high roads leading from Hanover to the limine, 

 make it a place of some commercial activity. Tbe iuhabitAnts find 

 occupation in the river trade, in the salmon fishery of the Weser, ana 

 in the tan-yards, breweries, distilleries, and pipo and tobacco factories 

 of the town. A good river harbour was formed hero in 1734 by the 

 construction of a large sluice. 



About 12 miles higher up the Weser, and inclosed by Brunswick, is 

 the isolated district of Bodenverdtr, belonging to the province of 

 Hanover. Tho little walled town of Bodenwerdor ia built on an island 

 in the Weser, and has about 1500 inhabitauts. A little higher up tlio 

 Weser, on its left bank, and touching Westph-alia, is another outlying 

 district of the province named Polle, with a small town of the same 

 nauie and of about 1 000 inhabitants. 



The county of lloya lies west of the principality of Kalenbeig, and 

 comprises the most north-western part of the province between the 

 Weeer, Oldenburg, and the republic of Bremen. The rivor Hunte 

 separates it for a few miles from Oldenburg. Tho other rivers are the 

 Auc, which runs east across the southern portion of the county, ond 

 joins the Weser on tho left bank a little above Nicnburg ; and the 

 Dehme, another feeder of the Weser, which drains the north-west 

 district. Tbo surface of the county is almost a dead flat, consisting 

 for tho most part of marshy and sandy wastes. The l>est land is along 

 tho rivers, where the soil consists of a rich fertile loam. The farm 

 producta are similar to those meutioned above. Homed cattle, light 

 boraet, pigs, and sheep are reared. Honey is abundant, especially in 

 the moors, where the heath is s^d to be very attractive to tho bees. 

 There is a considerable portion of forest land, from which and the 

 peat bogs the inhabitants obtain fuel. Linen and linen-yarn are the 

 only industrial products properly so called. Th.i county is named 

 from the old castle and town of lloya, situated on tho left bank of tbe 

 Weser, 40 miles N.W. from Hanover. Hoya is a market-town with 

 about 2000 inhabitants, and some trade on the Weser, which is here 

 crossed by a bridge. The capital of tho county is Nienlmrg, situated 

 35 miles by railway N.W. from Hanover, on the right bank of the 

 Weser, which is hero crossed by a stone bridge. It was formerly for- 

 tified, but its defences have been dismantled. There are two churches, 

 an hospital, and about 5000 inhabitants, who manufacture vinegar and 

 linen, and trade i<i wood and coal. 



The county of Diepholz is a small territory lying south-west of the 

 county of Hoya, and like it presents a heathy marshy surface, inter- 

 spened with some fertile spot3 on which hemp and flax are grown, 

 and diversified in the west and south by a few undulations. It is 

 drained by the Hunte, which forms tho outlet of the Dummersee, 

 the largest lake in the whole province, situated close io the Olden- 

 htag frontier. Near the lake there is good pasture land. Many of 

 the marshes in this part of tho province have Wieu drained bv couab 

 after the Dutch fashion, and converted into wable land. TIio chief 

 town of the county, Diepholz, stands on tho right b.^uik of tho Hunte, 

 35 miles W. from Nienburg, and has about 2500 inhabitantn. 



The province is traversed by various railroads loading from tho city 

 of Hanover to Brunswick, Harburg, Bremen, Hindcn, Hildesheim, 

 and Oottingen. [Uakotbr, Kingdom of] 



HANOVEIl, tlie capital of the kingdom of Hanover, is situated in 

 52' 22' N. Ut., 0° 42' E. long., in an agreeaUe, well.cultivated plain, 

 on tho river Lcine, which is navigable from the city to its junction 

 with tho Weser; it oontiins with the suburbs about 40,000 

 inhabitants. 



Tho city consists of three part< — the Old Town, the .£g!dian New 

 Town, and the New Town on the left bank of the river. In the Old 

 Town tho streets aro for the most i)art crooked and narrow, and tho 

 houaes old-fashioned and irregular, but the two other parts are hand- 

 some and regularly built, the city having been much improved since it 

 has baoome tho permanent residence of the king. Outsi<le of the walls 

 ara two suburbs, tho Linden and the Gartengemeinde. Tbe most 

 intarasting public buildings are the royal pnlaoe, with the opera-house 

 aod palace church, the viceroy's jialace, the landstnnde-haus (mecting- 

 housa of the chambers), the mmt, the arsenal, tho royal mews, the 

 town-h.ill (a fino old gothic edifice, with a good library of 40,000 

 volumes), and the royal library with the archives. Hanover has also 

 I^uthernn, Oerman, and French Calvinist, and Itoman t!otholic 

 churches, and a synagogue. Among the charitable institutions are 

 the Orphan Ainrlum, infirmariea, hospitals, and i<oor-hou8es. For 

 the purposes of education there are the Ueorgianum (a collegiate 

 establishment for the sons of nobles), a lyceum, an industrial school, 

 many elementary schools, and a seminary for schoolmasters; also 

 scientific, artistic, and other societies. Tho manufactures ara nume- 



roDS, but not of much conaequenca ; the trmda ia axtanaive. Tha 

 commercial institutions are an exchange, a chamber of commeroCL 

 and a market for mining produca In the neighbourhood ara the royal 

 ooimtry palace of Montbnllaut and the royal palaoe of Horreuhausan, 

 the grounds of both of which are very famous. 



Uanovar was founded at the latter end of the 11th century, aud in 

 1203 was assigned to the eldest sou of Henry tho Lion. In 1041 

 Duke Christian Louis took up his abode in the palace which had been 

 lately erected, and it has over since been the rosidenoe of the prince, 

 and the capital of the country. In 1725 the alliance between Englanil, 

 France, and Prussia was concluded here : and in 1745 the convantiou 

 which preceded tha peace of Dresden. The walls, with five gates, and 

 broad ditches, were partly levelled in 17S0, and laid out in streets, 

 and tha remainder converted into a handsome esplanade, on which 

 are tho marble bust of Leibnitz, placed under a cupola in the antique 

 style, and the Waterloo Column, 162 feet high, with tbe figure of 

 Victory on the summit 



HANWELL. [Middlesex.] 



HAUAMAT MOUNTAINa [Abtssisia.] 



HARBOROUGH, MARKET. [Mahket HAnBOBoucH.] 



HARBOUR ISLAND. [Bah-V-Mas.] 



HARBURG, a sea-port town in the kingdom of Hanover, provinco of 

 Luncburg, is situated on the left bank of the southern arm of tho 

 Elbe, opposite Hamburg, 106 miles by railway N. from the city of 

 Hanover, and has about 8000 inhabitants. It is surrounded by walls 

 and defended by a citadel, which also commands the passage of the 

 Elbe. There aro two churches, an hospital, a gunpowder factory, 

 sugar refineries, tanyards ; manufactories of woollen stufTji, linen, and 

 hosiery ; and an active transit trade with Hamburg and the countries 

 soutli of tho Elbe. The timber trade of Harburg also is extensive. 

 A steam ferry affords frequent and rapid communication with Ham- 

 burg. As sea-going vessels could not formerly be brought alongside 

 the t^uays, goods were usually trans-shipped at Hamburg or Altona and 

 brought thence to Harburg in lighten! ; but simultaneously with tho 

 construction of the railway from Hanover to Harburg (which, it may 

 be added, coiniects the port with all tile princijial commercial towns 

 of Oerraany) the harlxnir was deepened and enlarged bo as to afford 

 accommodation for 500 vessels, which may now laud their cargoes on 

 the wharfs. The depth of the channel between Harburg and Altona 

 is 10 feet at low and 15 feet at high water. The port extends to the 

 railway goods-station, and merchwdise is lifted by a crane out of the 

 hold of vessels and placed on the train. The improvement of tbe 

 harbour, the completion of the railway, and the declaration of the 

 freedom of the harbour in 1 850 gave a great impetus to the commerce 

 of Harburg, which still continues to improve, although the freedom of 

 the port was suppressed in 1853 by the commercial treaty with 

 Austria and Prussia. Tho distance to Hamburg across the Elbe is 

 four miles and a half. 



HARDINGSTONE, Northamptonshire, a village and tho seat of a 

 Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Hardingstone, is situated in 52° 13' 

 N. lat, 0° 52' W. long., distant 2 miles S. ty E. from Northampton, 

 and C2 miles N.W. from London. The population of the parish in 

 1851 was 1196. The living of Hardingstone is a vicarage in the arch- 

 deaconty of Northampton and diocese of Peterborough. Hardingstono 

 Poor-Law Union contains 19 parishes and one liamlet with an area of 

 32,560 acres, and a population in 1851 of 9,156. Besides the parish 

 church, which is partly of early English style, thore are a National 

 school for boys aud au Infant school. In the parish, ou an cmlncuco 

 near the road from London to Northampton, is one of the crosses 

 erected in memory of Queen Eleauor by Eldward I. It is octangular 

 and richly ornamented. 



HAUFiSvOOD. [YoKKSiiniE.] 



HARKLKUR. [SBiyE iN-Kfeiiiia'BK.] 



HARLECH. [MERIONETaSBIKE.] 



HARLOW. [Essex.] 



HARO. [Castilla i.a Vipj.i.] 



HAROLD^S CROSS. [Dublin, County of.] 



HARPER'S FERRY. [Viboinia.] 



HARRINGTON. [CrMnERLAjiD.] 



HARROGATE, HARROWGATE, or HIGH HARROGATE, Wast 

 Riding of Yorkshire, a small town and watering place in the parish of 

 Knarcsborough, is situated in 54° N. lat., 1" 31 W. long., distant 20 

 milei \V. by N. from York, 203 niilcn N.N.W. from Loudon by road, 

 196 miles by tho Great Northern lino of railway, and 222 niilet by the 

 London and North-Westcm lino. Tho population of tho town of 

 Harrogate was 3673 in 1851. Tbo living is a perpetual curacy in the 

 archdeaconry of Richmond and diooeso of Ripon, Tho local govern- 

 ment is in the h.ands of 21 commissioners. 



Harrogate rose iuto notice in tbe early part of the last centuiy, in 

 consequence of tho reputed efficacy of its medicinal springs. It is now 

 one of the principal watering places in the north of England. Harro- 

 gate is usually thronged witli visitors during the season, which com- 

 mences in May and contiuucs till September. Tho town is lighted 

 with gas. The church at High Harrogate, a neat early English struc- 

 ture, was consecrated about 20 years back. The Independents, 

 Wcsloyan Methodists, and Wesleyan Reformers have places of wor- 

 ship : there are in Harrogate British and National schools, and an 

 Infkut school ; and at Bachelors Gardens, about a milo and a half 



