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HARROLD. 



HARWICH. 



149 



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distant, is a small Endowed schooL A mechanics institute is in the 

 town. The Bath Hospital will accommodate about 100 patients. 

 This institution ia for the benefit of poor invalids. The mineral 

 springs are of different qualities, sulphureous, chalybeate, and saline 

 aperient. The principal sulphur well is in Low Harrogate, about 

 half a mile from High Harrogate. 



HARROLD, Bedfordshire, a m£irket-town in the parish of Harrold, 

 is situated near the Northamptonshire border on the banks of the river 

 Ouse, in 52' H' N. lat., 0° 36' W. long., distant 9 miles N.W. from 

 Bedford, and 59 miles N.N.VV. from London by road. The population 

 of the parish of Harrold in 1851 was 1083. The living is a vicarage 

 in the archdeaconry of Bedford and diocese of Ely. The parish 

 church, which has been recently repaired, has a handsome spire. 

 There are a chapel for Independents, a National school, and alms- 

 houses for sis widows. The market-house is a neat building. Lace 

 is manufactured to a small extent : malting, brewing, brick-making, 

 and glove-making are carried on. Tuesday is the market-day : fairs 

 are held on the second Tuesday of May and October 11th, 

 HARROW. [Middlesex.] 

 HARTFORD. [Connecticut.] 

 HARTINGTON. [Debbtsuibe.] 



HARTI.SMEUE, a hundred in the county of Sufiblk which has 

 been constituted a Poor-Law Union. Hartismera hundred is bounded 

 N. by Norfolk, S. by the hundred of Stow, E. by the hundred of 

 Hoxne, and W. by the hundred of Blackboum. The hundred con- 

 tains an area of 49,895 acres, and a population in 1851 of 16,441. 

 Hartismere Poor-Law Union contains 32 parishes and townships, with 

 an area of 53,530 acres, and a population in 1351 of 18,850. 

 HARTLAND. [Devonshire.] 



HARTLEPOOL, Durham, a sea-port and market-town in the parish 

 of Hartlepool, is situated in 54° 41' N. lat., 1° 11' W. long., distant 

 20 miles E.S.E. from Durham, 253 miles N. by W. from London by 

 road, and 264 miles by the Great Northern, and York Newcastle and 

 Berwick railways. The population of the borough and parish in 1851 

 was 9503. The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry and 

 diocese of Durham. The town is governed under a charter of Queen 

 Elizabeth by a mayor, recorder, and 12 capital burgesses. For 

 sanitary purposes it is under the management of a Local Board of 

 Health. 



Hartlepool is built on a small peninsula jutting out into the sea a 

 few miles from the mouth of the river Tees : the peninsula is partly 

 formed by a pool called the Slake, which ia dry at low water, into 

 which flows a small beck. A monastery at this place is mentioned by 

 Bede. The Normans called the place Hart-le-pol, the pool or slake 

 of Hart, whence the modem name. King John erected it into a 

 borough by charter in 1200, and granted to Robert Bruce, who was 

 its superior, a weekly market and a yearly fair. In the 13th century 

 the walls were erected, and a haven of nearly 12 acres formed. Of 

 the walls some portions still remain. The old haven is disused. The 

 present harbour is formed by a pier run out on the south side of the 

 town : it is easily accessible, and affords a safe retreat in rough 

 weather. Laden vessels under 100 tons can be accommodated in the 

 harbour. A lighthouse stands on Garrison point, and life-boats are 

 maintained by subscription. 



The town consists of one principal and several smaller streets. The 

 town-ball was erected about a century ago. Extensive docks have 

 been recently constructed, and in connection with railways which 

 enter the town affurd great facilities for the trade of the district, par- 

 ticularly in the shipment of coal. The West Harbour Dock, about 

 half a mile westward from the town, is extensive, affording accommo- 

 dation for a Urge number of vessels. There is an extensive take of 

 fresh fish at Hartlepool. Turbot ia sent to the London markets. 

 Many ton.i of fish are salted for exportation. Saturday is the market- 

 day. Fairs are held on May 14th, August 21st, October 9th, and 

 November 27th. Hartlepool is visited in summer by numerous 

 families for bathing. 



The parish church, dedicated to St. Hilda, is chiefly in the early 

 English style. It occupies an elevated site at the south-east end of 

 the town ; the south door has some late Norman enrichments. At the 

 west end is a tower with an embattled parapet and crocketed pinna- 

 cles ; it is supported by very large and bold flying buttresses. The 

 Baptists, Independents, United Presbyterians, Wesleyan and Primitive 

 Hethtdists, and Roman Catholics have places of worship. A Seamen's 

 Bethel is maintained in Victoria Dock. There are two Free schools, 

 National schools, a Roman Catholic school, a mechanics institute, a 

 news-room, and a savings bank. A county court is held in the town. 

 On the town moor are the remains of a breast-work, and along the 

 shore the remains of some batteries. 



The number and tonnage of vessels registered as belonging to the 

 port of Hartlepool on December 31st, 1853, were : — Under 60 tons 3, 

 tonnage 17; above 60 tons 124, tonnage 26,777; steam-vessels 6, 

 tonnage 124. The vessels which entered and cleared at the port 

 during 1 853 were : — Coasting trade, inwards, sailing-vessels 327, tonnage 

 25,407; steam-vessels 16, tonnage 606: outwards, sailing-vessels 6584, 

 tonnage 854,174 ; steam-vessels 30, tonnage 7533. Colonial and 

 foreign trade, inwards, sailing-vessels, British 409, tonnage 75,868 ; 

 foreign 652, tonnage 98,858 : outwards, British 639, tonnage 124,368 ; 

 foreign 1S24, tonnage 214,344, Foreign trade, steam-vessels, British, 

 OKOO. DI7. VOL, la. 



inwards 17, tonnage 3802 ; outwards 21, tonnage 4983. The amount 

 of customs duties received at the port in 1851 was 6690Z. 2s. 2d. 



When Bruce declared his pretensions to the Scottish crown his 

 English possessions were forfeited, and the borough of Hartlepool 

 was granted to the Clifford family, by which it was long held. It was 

 plundered by the Scots in 1312, and again taken by them in 1315, a 

 year after the battle of Baunockburn. Hartlepool furnished five ships 

 and 145 seamen to the fleet of Edward III. before Calais. In the 

 northern rebellion under the Earls of Northumberland and Westmore- 

 land, in the time of Elizabeth, Hartlepool was taken by the rebels. 

 The Scottish army, which came to the aid of the P.arliameutariaus in 

 the civil war of Charles I., took Hartlepool in 1644 : it was retained 

 by them till 1647, when they evacuated it, and it was occupied by a 

 garrison of Parliamentarians. 



HARTLEY. [Northuiiberl.\nd.] 



HARTLEY-WINTNEY, Hampshire-, a village and the seat of a 

 Poor-Law Union in the parish of Hartley- Wintney, ia situated in the 

 north-eastern corner of the county, in 61" 18' N. lat., 0° 53' W. long., 

 distant 26 miles N.E. from Winchester, and 38 miles S.W. by W. from 

 London by road. The population of the parish of Hartley- Wintney 

 in 1361 was 1582. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry and 

 diocese of Winchester. Hartley-Wintney Poor-Law Union contains 

 13 parishes and townships, with an area of 37,168 acres, and a popu- 

 lation in 1851 of 11,230. Coach-building and tanning are carried on. 

 Fairs are held on Shrove-Tuesday and June 29tli. 



HARWICH, Essex, a seaport, market-town, and municipal and 

 parliamentary borough, in the parish of Dovercourt, is situated on the 

 extremity of a spit of land that projects into tho ffiatuary formed by 

 the Stour and the Orwell, in 51" 57' N. lat., 1" 17' E. long. ; 15 miles 

 N.E. by E. from Colchester, and 66 miles N.E. from London : tho 

 population of the borough was 4451 in 1851. The parliamentary 

 borough, which was created in 1318 by Edward II., returns two 

 members to the Imperial Parliament ; a privilege which it has more 

 than once forfeited The municipal borough is governed by i 

 aldermen and 12 town councillors, one of whom is mayor. 



The town stands on an elevated site in a pleasant and healthy situa- 

 tion. It chiefly consists of three principal streets, which are well paved 

 and lighted with gas. The church of St. Nicholas, a large brick structure 

 in the perpendicular style, with stone buttresses and steeple, was 

 erected in 1821. The parish church of Dovercourt, which is in the 

 decorated style, is situated two miles from Harwich on the Colchester 

 road. There are chapels for Independents, Wesleyan Methodists, and 

 Baptists. An esplanade, from which fine views of the harbour and 

 the German Ocean are obtained, extends above a quarter of a mile 

 southward from the town to Beacon Hill. A little east of the 

 esplanade is a martcllo tower, and between this and the town on the 

 north are two lighthouses to guide vessels into the harbour. Roman 

 cement is manufiictured in large quantities at Harwich from a parti- 

 cular kind of stone which is found imbedded iu the London clay, and 

 is dredged at the entrance of the harbour. There is a manufactory of 

 fossil manure called coprolite. Ship-building and the fisheries give 

 employment to many hands. There is a well-supplied royal dockyard 

 at Harwich, and the property under the Ordnance department is 

 extensive. Steamers ply to London during the summer. There is 

 also daily commtmication by steam-vessel with Ipswich. A branch 

 railway to Harwich from the Manningtree station of the Eastern 

 Counties line is nearly completed. In the town are National schools 

 for boys and girls ; a Corporation Free school for 32 boys ; a 

 savings bank ; baths ; a royal yacht club and reading-rooms ; and 

 a custom-house. Fairs are held on May 1st and October 18th ; 

 weekly markets on Tuesday and Friday. 



The harbour, which is formed by the junction of the Stour and tho 

 Orwell, is protected on tho east by Landguard Point, a promontory 

 from the Suffolk coast, and on the south by tho Beacon CliB'. 

 Between these two points lie the entrances to the harbour, which are 

 commanded by Landguard Fort, erected in the reign of James I. 

 Tho continued removals of the cement stone from the Loudon clay, 

 of which the Beacon Cliff is composed, have caused successive falls in 

 the cliff to such an extent that since the beginning of the 18th century 

 the low water-mark has gained full 600 feet on the Essex shore, and 

 the harbour has been almost totally deprived of the shelter of the 

 natural breakwater formed by the cliff. Landguard Point, .againtt 

 which the barrier formed by the Beacon Cliff tended to shoot the ebb 

 tide, has by the deposit of shingle and beach advanced full 800 feet 

 south of its former termination, and the main channel, which lies close 

 under the Suffolk shore, was thus reduced to very narrow dimensions. 

 In accordance with the Report of a Commission appointed ia 1844, 

 Harwich has been made a barbour of refuge. The works have cost 

 upwards of 100,000/. The commissioners state that " Harwich harbour 

 is remarkably well situated for the convenience of a north sea 

 squadron, and for the protection of the mouth of tho Thames. It is 

 the only safe harbour along this coast, and is in tho direct line of 

 traffic between the Thames and the northern ports of the kingdom as 

 well as of the trade from the north of Europe." 



The number and tonnage of vessels registered as belonging to tho 

 port of Harwich on December Slst, 1S53, were as follows :— Under 

 50 tons 72, tonnage 2170; above 50 tons 54, tonnage 6171. The 

 number and tonnage of vessels entered and cleared at the port during 



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