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HABZ MOUNTAINS. 



HATFIELD. 



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185S mn :— Cowturiae, inwtidi, S84, tonnage 41,988 ; oatwardi, 424, 

 tonnags 19,000 : colonial and foreign trade, inwardi, 80 Teaaels, 0185 

 tone ; outward*, 178 Teieli, 10,644 torn. 



HARZ MOUNTAINS, the most northern raotintun nuige in Oer- 

 nuui7, ooenpies an area of abore 1000 squnre mile«, between Sl° SO' 

 and 6a" N. lat, 10* and 11* 30' E. long. It lies nearly parallel to the 

 Ftankenwald and Thtiringervald, and aboat 60 miles from it, and 

 nma e*st«onth-east and west-north-west Its length is about S5 

 milef, ita mean width about 19 miles. 



On the north and south the Hare Mountains rise with a rather 

 ■teep aaoent ; on the east they sink into an olevated plain, and on the 

 west paai gradually into the hilly tmct which joins it in that direction. 

 A line drawn trnva Ilaenburg over tho Brocken, the Achtermanns- 

 h'>he, and the Bruohberg, divides the whole range into two parts, of 

 which the eastern and lower is called the Lower Harz, and the 

 western and higher the Upper Harz. The same line separates the 

 waten which run to the Elbe and Weser respectively. No con- 

 tinnoni ridge is observable. The range consists of an assemblage of 

 irregular mountain summits, with generally level tops, and nearly all 

 covered with earth and with trees. A few of the summits, which 

 consist of granite and hornblende, are bare, and rise higher and with 

 a steep ascent. The highest summits are — the Brocken, 3740 feet, 

 the Konigsberg, 3420 feet, the Bruohberg, 3420 feet, the Achtermanns- 

 hohe, 2880 feet, and the Warmberg, 3080 feet above the aea-leveL 

 The valleys, some of which are wide, and others very narrow, lie in 

 erety direction. The forests are moetly composed of pine, except to the 

 east, where the mountains are lower, and covered with elms, ash, oak, 

 and beech. The higher parts are covered with snow from October 

 to May. 



The nucleus of the Hare ia granite, whieh however is generally 

 covered with porphyry and silution rocks as grnuwackd, clay-slate, 

 limestone, gypsum, and sandstone. In the western districts are rich 

 lead-mines, which produce a considerable quantity of silver, and some 

 copper mines : in the eastern districts iron-ore is abundant. There 

 are some remarkable caverns in the range, as the Banmanns-Hohle near 

 Elbingerode, a series of six chambers 800 feet long, the entrance to 

 which is 133 feet abore the bed of the little river Bode, which runs at 

 the foot of the mountain : this cavern is much visited on account 

 of the fine stalactites it contains. 



The connection between the Hare Mountains and the Thiiringerwald 

 ia formed at the western extremity of both ranges by an elevated 

 table-land lying south of the Harz, called the Eichsfeld, whose surface 

 19 perhaps 1500 feet above the sea-level. The western extremity of 

 the Harz Mountains is connected with a hilly country, which extends 

 beyond the Weeer to the Egge range, east of Paderbom. The hills 

 which occupy this district rarely rise to the elevation of mountains, 

 except in the Soiling, where the Moosber;g attains 1680 feet. 

 HASLEMERE. [Surret.J 



HASLIXGDEN, Lancashire, a market-town, and the seat of a 

 Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Whalley, ia situated in 63° 43' 

 N. lat., 2° 20' W. long., distant 86 miles S.E. from Lancaster, 204 

 miles if.W. by N. from London by road, and 206 miles by the North- 

 Western and East-Lancashire railways. The population of the town 

 of Haslingden in 1851 was 0154. IHie living is a perpetual curacy in 

 the archdeaconry and diocese of Manchester. Haslingden Poor-Law 

 Union contains 10 townships, with on area of 26,711 acres, and a 

 population in 1851 of 60,424. 



Haslingden is situated on nn eminence ; the newer part of the town 

 being buUt about tho base of the hill. The town is lighted with gas. 

 The town-hall is a new building. The parochial chupel, a large and 

 handsome edifice, was rebuilt, except tho tower, near the close of last 

 century. The font is about 300 years old. There are places of 

 worship fur Baptists, Independents, Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, 

 Quakem, and Mormons; National schools, a school supported by 

 Wesleyao Methoduttx, and a mechanics inKtituto with a liliraiy. 

 Petty icanons and a county court are held in the town. The wonllen, 

 cotton, and silk manufactures are extensively carried on. Flannel 

 is largely manufaotured. Several coal mines and stone quarries are 

 n the vicinity. Wednesday and Saturday are tho market-days. Two 

 great fain are held on May 8th and October 3rd. 

 (Oommunicatim from natlingden.) 

 HASSELT. [LiMBUBQ.] 



HASTINGS, Sussex, a market-town, municipal and parliamentary 

 borou^h, cinque port, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, is situated 

 in 50" 51' N. lat, 0' 35' E. long., dintant 70 miles E. by N. from 

 Chichester, 64 miles S.E. by S. from London by road, 76 miles by tho 

 London and South-Coast railway, and 74 miles by the Tunbridgo 

 Wells and Hastings branch of the .South -Eastern railway. The popu- 

 lation of tho municipal borough of Hastings in 1851 was 16,966 ; that 

 of the parlianMotary borough was 17,011. The l)orough in governed 

 by 6 aldermen and IS oounciUon, one of whom is mayor; and returns 

 two members to the Imperial Parliament For sanitary purposes tho 

 borough is under the management of a Local Board of Health. The 

 livioga are in the archdeaconry of Lowes and diocese of Chichester. 

 Haatinga Poor-Law Union contains 13 parishes, with an area of 12,645 

 acre*, and a population in 1851 of 21,215. 



Htftings is a town of considerable antiquity. Mr. Dallaway, in his 

 ' Htitory of Western Sussex,' says that " In 893 tho I>anc« in 250 



ships, commanded by the pirate Haatinga, landed at the mouth of the 

 river Rother, near Romn^ Marsh, and immediately poaseaaed them- 

 selvea of Apuldore, where, and at Hastings (so ealled from their 

 leader) they constructed forts and ravaged all the coast to the wait- 

 ward of the country." A more probuile opinion however is that 

 suggested by Mr. Kemblo in his ' Saxons in Eingland,' that it was the 

 fortress, and probably at one time the town, of a tribe called the 

 Haestingas. In 924 it was of su6Rcient importance to have a mint. 

 Hastings has retnmed two members to Parliament since the reign of 

 Edward III. As one of the cinque ports it ranks next in importanoe 

 to Dover. 



The town ia pleasantly situated on the sea-coast, in a hoUow, 

 sheltered on every side, except the south, by lofty hills. It consists 

 principally of two streets, separated by the Boome, a small stream 

 which here falls into the sea. To the westward of the town, upon a 

 lofty clitf, are the ruins of an ancient fortress. Qlie town is lighted 

 with gas, and paved. The more recent streets, squares, and terraces 

 ore well built, and hare many good houses. The climate is mild, and 

 the place has of late years been much resorted to during the bathing 

 season by invalids and others, for whom commodious hotels, baths, 

 libraries, and reading rooms, a theatre, an arcade, fta, have been pro- 

 vided. A spacious terrace, called the Marine Puade, runs along the 

 sea-front of the town, joining the Qrand Parade of St. Leonards-on- 

 Sea. There are two ancient churches. All Saints, erected in the early 

 part of the 14 th century, and St. Clements, erected in the 14 th and 

 15th centuries. The church of St Mary-in-the-Castle is modem. Tho 

 Wesleyan Methodists, Independents, Countess of Huntingdon's Con- 

 nexion, Baptists, and Roman Catholics have places of worship. There 

 ore National, British, and Infant schools. Saunders's school, founded 

 in 1708, the endowment of which was stated to be 702. a year in 1837, 

 is under the patronage of the corporation. A Grammar school, 

 founded in 1844, had 5 boarders and 40 day pupiU in 1852. There 

 are a mechanics institution, a savings bank, and numerous benevolent 

 associations. The town-hall is a neat structure siipported on arches, 

 with a market-place beneath it The other public buildings are a 

 custom-house, a jail, dispensary, ftc The prosperity of the town is 

 now to a great extent dependent on visitors. The chief occupation is 

 that of fishing, which employs about 90 boats, and a considerable 

 number of the male population. Many persons are engaged in boat- 

 building, and in lime-bumiug. A market for com is held on Saturday; 

 one for poultry and provisions is held daily ; and a fish-market is 

 generally held every day on tho beach. Fairs are held on Whit- 

 Tuesday, .July 26th, and November 23rd. 



St. LeonarcT s-on-Sea, was originally above a mile to the west of 

 Hastings, but the towns are now in fact united. In the Censos 

 returns, the population of St Leonard's is included with that of the 

 borough of Hastings. St. Leonard's is a new town, which was com- 

 menced about 1828 for visitors who found difficulty in procuring 

 accommodation at Hastings. Tho chief feature in St. Leonard's is 

 the Marina, a handsome range of buildings about 500 feet in extent, 

 with a covered colonnade of the same length, which stretches along 

 the sea-front of the town. There are many other well-built terraces 

 and detached villas, besides assembly-rooms, bath-houses, and spacious 

 hotels. The church will accommodate 900 persona, 'fho Wesleyan 

 Methodists and Independents have chapeU ; and there are National 

 and Infant schools, a literary and scientific institute, and a mechanics 

 institute. The Grand Piutido ia joined to the Marine Parade of 

 Hastings, and together they form one of tho finest sea-walks in the 

 kingdom. In the vicinity are many picturesque walks. 



HATFIELD. [Fasf.x.] 



HATFIELD, or BISHOPS H.\TFIELD, Hertfordshire, a market- 

 town and the scat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Hatfield, is 

 situated in 61° 46' N. lat, 0° 12' W. long., distant 7 miles W.S.W. 

 from Hertfortl, 19 miles N.N.W. from London by road, and 173 miles 

 by the Great Northern railway. Tho population of the pariah of 

 Hatfield in 1851 was 3862. The living is a rectory in the archdea- 

 conry of St. Albans and diocese of Rochester. Hatfield Poor-Law 

 Union contains 4 pariahes, with an area of 23,157 acres, and a 

 population in 1851 of 6274. 



The towu of Hatfield lies on the slope of a hill on the high north 

 road, and consists of a principal street intersected by a smaller one. 

 Tlie bishops of Ely had a palace here, which with the manor was 

 seized by Henry VIII. ; the ])a1ace was the residence of Prince Edwurd, 

 afterwards Edwanl VI., immediately before his accession. The 

 Princess (afterwards qiieen) Elizabeth was here under the charge of 

 Sir Tliomas Pope during the latter part of the reign of her sister 

 Mary, and held her first privy council here. The palace and manor 

 were given by James I. in exchange for Theobalds, at Cheshunt, to 

 Sir Robert Cecil, afterwards carl of Salisbury, in whose family they 

 have since continued. The gateway arid west end of the old palaco 

 are still standing. Hatfield House was built by Sir Robert Cecil, and 

 is a fine specimen of the architecture of the Elizabethan period. It 

 was almost destroyed by fire in 1835, but was rebuilt by the present 

 Marquis of Salisbury. The grounds are very fine. The parish church, 

 an edifice of the 13th century, consists of a navo, chancel, and aisles, 

 with an embattled tower, which has been surmounted with a hand- 

 some new spire. Tho Indc]iendents and Methodists have ]>laces of 

 worship. National and Infant schools, a reading-room, and a literary 



