﻿I4e 



HATHERLEIGH. 



HAVRE. 



institute are in the town. There is a market on Weduesday for com 

 and provisions, and two fairs are held yearly. 



(C'ommunicatioti from Hatfield.) 



HATHERLEIGH. [Devonshire.] 



HATHERSAQE. [Dkbdtshire.] 



HATTERA.S, CAPE. [Cabolika, Nobth.] 



HAUGHLEY. FSuffolk.] 



HAUTEFORT. '[DoiiDOONE.] 



HAUTEVILLE. [Ais.] 



HAVANNA (Hahana), a flourishing commercial town, with the 

 beat harbour in the West Indies, or perhaps in the world, stands on 

 the north coast of the island of Cuba, in 23° 8' 15" N. lat., 82° 22' 5" 

 W. long., and has a population, including the garrison, of 150,000, 

 about 25,000 of whom are slaves, and the remainder whites and free 

 blacks, in the ratio of 2 to 1. A channel half a mile long, 350 yards 

 broad, 8 to 10 fathoms deep, and without bar or obstruction of any 

 »ort, leads to the harbour, which is formed by a magnificent bay nearly 

 three miles long and half as much in width, sheltered by hiJls from 

 every wind, and capable of accommodating 1000 ships of the largest 

 size. Teasels of the greatest draught coming close up to the quays. 

 The city is built along the entrance to and on the west side of the 

 basin. In the city the streets are narrow and dirty, but in the suburbs, 

 which are now latter than the city, they are wide and well laid out. 

 Of late years too aX\ parts of the town are much improved in cleanli- 

 ness, and lees unhealthy in summer than formerly. The entrance to 

 the harbour is defended by two strong fortresses, El Morro and La 

 Punta, ami a continuous aeries of batteries runs along both shores. 

 The city also, which is entered by three gates, is defended by a strong 

 citadel ; and fortifications have h«en erected on all the neighbouring 

 heights. In general the houses are of only one story, but of veiy solid 

 construction ; the windows are unglazed, and always kept open on 

 account of the heat of the climate. Among the finest public build- 

 ings are the cathedntl (in which the remains of Columbus now lie, 

 having been removed hither from San Domingo in 1795) and eleven 

 other churches. Other large structures, more remarkable for solidity 

 than elegance, are — the two hospitals, the residence of the captain- 

 genersl near the citadel, the naval anenal, the post-office, and the great 

 tobacco factories. Havanna is the seat of a bishop, has a university, 

 an ecclesiastical college, a theatre, a botanic garden, a circus for bull- 

 fighfa), and three fine promenades — one along the ramparts, one within 

 the town, and a third without the walls (Paseo Extra-Muros). 



A glance at the map shows the great importance of Havanna in a 

 political point of view, commanding as it does both the inlets to the 

 Qulf of Mexico. Among the commercial cities of the western hemi- 

 sphere it ranks inferior only to New York, and for a long period it 

 angroMHd the whole foreign trade of Cuba ; but since 1809, when the 

 old colonial system of Spain was relaxed, Matanzas has obtained a 

 considerable share of the commerce of Cuba. The principal articles 

 of export are sugar, coffee, copjier-ore, raw tobacco and cigars of the 

 best quality, molasses, and the precious metals. Other exports are — 

 mahogany, cedar, rum, cocoa, cotton, wax, hides, fruits and preserves, 

 honey, dye-stujSa, 4a The imports comprise flour, com, salt pro- 

 visions, cotton manufactures, linen, hardware, silk, wine, bullion, spices, 

 leather, butter, Urd, cheese, deals, casks, hoops, &c. The inAe of 

 Havanna extends to all the countries of Europe and America, but 

 chiefly to Spain, the United States, and England. The exportation of 

 sugar from Havanna and Matanzas in 1849 amounted to 847,676 

 boxes; in 1850 to 1,041,661 boxes; and in 1851 to 1,242,252 boxes 

 of 400 Iba. each. Beddea cigars, chocolate, some woollen goods, and 

 straw-bata are manufactured. Between 1000 and 2000 ships are 

 engaged in the trade of Havanna. The town is joined to Matanzas 

 by rajlroad. It was founded in 1511 by Velasquez on what was called 

 the port of Carenas. [Cuba.] 



HAVANT, Hampshire, a small market-town and the seat of a Poor- 

 Law Union, in the parish of Havont, is situated near the head of 

 Langston harbour, in 50° 50' N. lat., 0° 59' W. long., distant 22 miles 

 E. by 8. from Southampton, 66 miles S.W. by 8. from London by 

 road, and 88 miles by the London, Brighton, and South-Coast railway. 

 "The population of the parish of Havant in 1851 was 2416. The 

 living is a rectory in the archdeaconry and diocese of Winchester. 

 Havant Poor-Law Union contains 6 parishes, with an area of 14,379 

 acres, and a population in 1851 of 7214. The parish church is a 

 crucaform edifice, with a tower rising from the intersection : some 

 parts of it are of Norman date. It contains a fine brass of William 

 of Wykeham's chancellor : in the chancel is some good modem stained 

 glass. The Independents have a chapel, and there are National, 

 Infant, and British schools, and a savings bank. Some parchment is 

 made in the town. The market is on Saturday, and there are two 

 yearly fairs. 

 HAVEL. [Brasdenbdro.] 



HAVERFORDWEST, the capital of Pembrokeshire, South Wales, 

 a market-town, sea-port, municipal and parliamentary borough, a 

 county in itself, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, occupies a pic- 

 turesque situation on the West Cleddy River, in 61° 47' N. lat, 4° 47' 

 W. long., distant 251 miles W. by N. from London. The population 

 of the town and county of the town of Haveifordwest in 1851 was 

 6680. The borough is governed by 4 aldermen, and 12 councillors, 

 one of whom i* mayor; and, in conjunction with the boroughs of 



Fishguard and Narberth, retm-na one member to the Imperial Parlia- 

 ment. The livings are in the archdeacomy and diocese of St. David's. 

 Haverfordwest Poor-Law Union contains 63 parishes and townships, 

 with a population in 1851 of 38,633. 



Haverfordwest was a principal station of the Flemings who settled 

 in the district in the reign of Henry I. Of the ancient castle of 

 Haverfordwest the keep has been converted into a jail for the county 

 and town. The guildhall and market-house are good buQdings. Tho 

 town is ii-regulai'ly laid out, but contains many good modem houses ; 

 it is lighted with gas and paved. There are several picturesque 

 walks around the town. The residents are in general shopkeepers, 

 mechanics, and persons of moderate fortunes. There are four churches, 

 two of which have been recently repaired at a considerable expense; 

 chapels for Baptists, Independents, Moravians, Wealeyau Methodists, 

 and Welsh Methodists ; National and British schools ; a litei'ary insti- 

 tute ; a savings bank ; a dispensary ; and several charitable societies. 

 A county court is held. Haverfordwest is a creek of Milford Haven. 

 Stone-coal, broken small and made into balls with clay, is muck used 

 for fuel. Markets are held on Tuesday and Satui'day, and eight fairs 

 in the course of the yeai-. Near Haverfordwest are some remains of 

 a priory of Black Canons. 



HAVERING-ATTE-BOWER. [Essex.] 



HAVRE, or HAVRE-DE-GRACE, LE, a large commercial town 

 and fortified sea-port in the department of Seinelnf(5rieure in France, 

 stands in a low marshy spot on the southern shore of the English 

 Channel, at the embouchure and on the right bank of tho Seine, in 

 49° 29' 16" N. lat., 0° 6' 37' E. long.; at a distance by raUway of 

 143 miles N.W. from Pai-is, 55 milea W. by N. from Rouen ; and has 

 26,410 inhabitants in the commune, but if the population of the 

 suburbs Granville, Ingouville, and Sanvic, which were incorporated 

 with Havre by a law passed in 1852, be added, the total population 

 cannot be much short of 40,000. On the decline of Harfleur in the 

 second half of the 1 5th century, and the blocking up of its port by the 

 sandy deposits of the Seine, the importance was seen of having a safe 

 resort for the French navy, and, above all, of blocking up ' the gate of 

 the Seine ' through which the English had so often penetrated into 

 the heart of France. Accordingly, on a spot where then stood a 

 fishing village with a humble thatched chapel dedicated to Notre- 

 Dame-de-Grace, Louis XII. in 1509 laid the foundation of Havre, 

 threw up some fortifications, and built two short jetties. His suc- 

 cessor Fran<;oiB L, by the sums he expended on the town, and the 

 gi-eat privileges ho conferred upon it, is however to be looked on as 

 the true founder of Havre. In his reign the now city was in great 

 measure built, the harbours improved, the town-hall and the ramparts 

 erected, and the Tower of Fran9ois I., which still exists, constructed 

 for the defence of the harbour. In 1562 the Prince de Condd betrayed 

 the town to Queen Elizabeth, who garrisoned it with 6000 troops 

 imder Dudley, earl of Warwick. The English were forced to capi- 

 tulate in 1563, but carried away as a memorial of their occupation the 

 archives of tho town, which are now deposited in the Tower of 

 London. Louis XIII. added to the fortifications, and built a citadel, 

 which was afterwards rebuilt on a new plan by order of Cardinal 

 Richelieu. Under Louis XIV. the extent of the town was nearly 

 doubled ; part of the fortifications and the old gate of Ingouville were 

 demolished, a new quarter built, and the citadel converted into an 

 immense military quarter, which comprises an arsenal, governor's resi- 

 dence, ammunition stores, and large barracks, forming together a 

 spacious and handsome square round the Place d'Armes. The modem 

 fortifications, which are only a nuisance from the obstruction they 

 present to the extension of the town, consist of ramparts and three 

 wet ditches. The ramparts are surmounted by a parai^t, and parts 

 of them are planted with fine trees. 



The town is entered by 5 gates with drawbridges ; of these gates 

 tho Porte-Royale, in form of a triumphal arch, is tho most remarkable. 

 The old part of the town, which is built round the harbour, presents 

 regular but naiTow streets. The wooden houses, of which it was 

 formerly composed, are gradually giving way to more solid and more 

 sightly struct>ires. The new part is built on a regular plan; tho 

 streets are wide, cross each other at right angles, and present several 

 handsome houses. The principal street in Havre is the Rue de Paris, 

 which presents more commercial activity than is seen even in Paris. 

 There are few buildings that call for special notice; besides those 

 already mentioned may be named the church of Notre-Dame, the 

 custom-house, the exchange, the great tobacco factory on the Quay 

 d'Orl^ans, the bonding warehouses, the public library, which contains 

 15,000 volumes, the new theatre, and the Frasoati baths on the sea- 

 shore. Statues of Bcmardin St.-Pierre and Caaimir Delavigne, natives 

 of the town, were erected in 1852 in the Place Francois I. in front 

 of the princijjal entrance to the museum. Tribunals of first inatanco 

 and of commerce are held in the town, which has also a chamber of 

 commerce, a naval school of the first class, several insurance offices, 

 &c. Foreign consuls reside in Havre. 



The harbour consists of three wet docks, and an outer port, sepa- 

 rated by locks, and capable of containing 450 ships. A fourth dock 

 has been constructed for steamers, which on account of tho narrow 

 entrance could not get into the old docks, and used to lie in tho 

 outer harbour. The docks are aurroundcd by broad solidly built 

 quays affording every convenience for loading and unloading vessels 



