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HAWAII 



HEBRIDES, THR 



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A nuTow diannel, which u formed by two long jetties ninning nearly 

 east end west, sod built between two banlu of shinglr, leaids from 

 the outer harbour into the embouchure, whenoe, by two passsf^ 

 between ean d bsn k j, two roadnteadJi arc reached ; in these there is 

 always deep water and good holding grouud, but no shelter. At low 

 water, when the outer port and the channel are dry, the water from a 

 laif^e reserroir (whidi is kept open till full tide and then closed by 

 floodgates) is discharged to sweep away the sandy deposits which 

 would otherwise soon block up the harbour. A singular local phe- 

 nomenon respecting the tide, which rises at Havre to 20 and 27 feet, 

 givaa an innortant adrant^ to the harbour. It results from the 

 position of toe harbour with respect to the Seine that the tide having 

 reached its maTJmiim continues full for three hours in consequence of 

 the strong current of the river damming up the water in the channel 

 formed by the jetties ; and this exception to the general tidal law 

 gives vessels leaving the harbour time to reach the sea, even ngoinat 

 a head wind, in a single tide. The fine quays which border the 

 io^M ar* always lined with vessels, and present great activity of 

 business. 



The trade of Havre produces in ordinary years customs duties 

 amounting to about a million sterling, representing a total movement 

 uf merchandise to the value of over 20,000,CO02. In 1849 the customs 

 duties of the port of Havre rose to 29,2-13,956 francs, in 1852 to 

 34,611,401 francs (1,884,456<. sterling). Besides vast quantities of 

 foreign and colonial produce for the supply of Paris and the north of 

 France, such as coffee, sugar, spices, the imports consist of raw cotton 

 for the manufocturiug districts of Rouen, St Quentin, &c., of indigo, 

 dyewooda, tobacco, rice, hides, timber, iron, tin, tea, &c. The most 

 important imports arc sugar, coffee, and raw cotton. The principal 

 exports are silks, broadcloth, cotton manufactures, lace, gloves, shoes, 

 trinkets, plated and tin wares, perfumery, wine, brandy, glass, furni- 

 ture, books, &.C. In 1842 there entered the harbour 607 ships of 

 221,000 tons burden from ports out of Europe. In 1848 and 1849 

 the arrivals from foreign ports were respectively 1378 ships measuring 

 327,989 tons, and 1643 ships measuring 377,436 tons; the departures 

 in 1848 were 1369 ships measuring 317,724 tons, in 1849 they were 

 1S89 ships measuring 367,689 tons. The coasting trade in and out in 

 these two years employed 5171 and 5163 vessels, measuring 366,522 and 

 356,340 tons respectively. The total tonnage of the commerce of Havre 

 in 1848 and 1849 therefore amounted to 1,011,235 and 1,101,465 tons 

 respectively. In 1852 the foreign and coasting trade employed alto- 

 gether 9615 vessels measuring 1,254,607 tons, and employing 88,101 

 men. Above 450 vessels belong to the port, including 50 of 400 to 

 600 tons engaged in the whale fishery, and 40 large and small steamers. 

 There is regular communication by powerful steamers with Rouen, 

 London, Southampton, Bayonne, Hamburg, Lisbon, &c., and by packet- 

 ships with New York, Bahia, Vera Cruz, and New Orleans. Small 

 steamers ply to Honfleur, Caen, Rouen, and Paris. On Cape La-H6ve, 

 which is 2 miles N.N.W. from the town, and rises to the height of 

 890 feet above the sea, there are two lighthouses 325 feet apart and 

 SO feet high, with powerful fixed lights. There is also a brilliant 

 harbour light on the extremity of the western jetty. 



The manufactures of Havre comprise vitriol, pottery, lace, paper, 

 oil, carpenters' tools, bricks and tiles, ship-cordage, tobacco, furniture, 

 &C. There are also several sugar-refineries, and breweries. Outside 

 the town and close to the shore are five ship-building yards, which 

 have turned out some of the best sailing-vessels and sw^test steamers 

 belonging to France. 



Separated from Havre onljr by the fortifications is the handsome 

 suburb of IngouviUe, which is built on a high hill overlooking the 

 town, the harbour, and the sea, and containing many pretty country 

 seatit belonging to the merchants of the town. It has about 10,000 

 iidiabitantd, many of whom are engaged in manufactures. Havre 

 itself stands on low ground, and has often suffered from the sea in 

 violent hurricanes. 



Ill Augimt 1854 it was announced that Havre was to be the 

 capital of the newly-formed department of Seine-Uaritimo. 



HAWAII. [OwuviiKE.] 



HAWAIIDEN. [Fu.NTsninK.] 



HAWASH, RIVEIi. [Abyssinia; Adal.] 



HAWICK, Roxburghshire, Scotland, a burgh of royalty and market- 

 town in the parish of Hawick, is situated on the right bank of the 

 Teviot, at its junction with the Slitrig, which flows through the town, 

 in 55- 25' N. lot., 2° 47' W. long. It U 9 miles &W. from Jedburgh 

 and 63 miles S. from Erflinburgh by the Edinburgh and Hawick 

 braaoh of the North-British railway. The population of the burgh in 

 1651 was 6683. It is governed by two baiUes and 29 councillors. 



The town consists chiefly of one long street parallel to the Teviot, 

 which is here crossed by a stone bridge. Two bridges cross the 

 Slitrig, one of which has been recently built The streets are lighted 

 with gas and pave<I. "The old parish church was built in the middle 

 of the last century : it is nearly iu ruins, but a new church has been 

 UMted in the Norman style. There are places of worship for the 

 Frsa Church Presbyterians, United Presbyterians, Episcopalians, 

 Independents. Baptists, and Roman CathoUcs. The Parochial and 

 Orammar schools are united, and there are an Episcopalian 

 school and a Subscription school There are public baths and wash- 

 houMi^ a meohanica institute, a public library, a savings bank, and 



manufaotures of hosiery, woollen goods, woollen yams, machinety, 

 candles and gloves. There are four yearly fairs. 



Hawick suffered much in the border warfare of former days ; and 

 both in the town and the rural parts of the pariah are several towers 

 or houses apparently designed for fortifications. About three miles 

 above Hawick is Bninxholm, the site of the Branxholm, or Braiiksome, 

 of Sir Walter Scott's ' Lay of the Lost UinstreL' At the end of the 

 town is a mnot-hilL 



HAWKHURST. [Kent.] 



HAWKSHEAD, [Lanc,vshiiik.1 



HAWNES. [BEDKORDsniHE.] 



HAY, or, as it U frequently called WELSH HAY, or the HAY, 

 Brecknockshire, a market-town and the seat of a Poor-Law Union iu 

 the parish of Hay, is picturesquely situated on the right bank of the 

 river Wye, in 52° 4' N. lat, 3° 7' W. long., distent 14 miles N.E. 

 from Brecknock, and 154 miles W. by N. from London by road. The 

 popuhition of the town of Hay in 1851 was 1238. The living is a 

 vicarage iu the archdeaconry of Brecon and diocese of St. David's. 

 Hay Foor-Law Union contains 24 parishes and hamlets, with an 

 area of 59,010 acre."), and a population in 1851 of 10,957. 



The town of Hay is lighted with gas, and paved. The pariah 

 church was rebuilt in 1838, in the early English style. The Baptists, 

 Independents, Wesleyan and Calviuistic Methodists, and Quakers have 

 places of worship. There are National and British schools, and a 

 savings bonk. A county court is held. The market-day is Thursday ; 

 six fairs are hold in the course of the year. Of the ancient castle of 

 Hay, which was burned by King John in 1216, there still remain a 

 tower, a gateway, and part of the walls. 



HAYFIELD, Derbyshire, a village and .the seat of a Poor-Law 

 Union in the parish of Qlossop, is situated in 53° 22' N, lat, 1° 56' 

 W. long., distant 44 miles N.N.W. from Derby, and 171 miles N.W. 

 by N. from London. Olossop station of the Manchester and Sheffield 

 railway, which is 5 J miles from Hay field, is 207 miles from London. 

 The population of the chapelry of Hayfield in 1S51 was 1757. The 

 living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Derby and diocese 

 of Lichfield. Hayfield Poor-Law Union contains four parishes and 

 townships, with an area of 17,068 acres, and a population in 1S51 of 

 10,125. "The parochial chapel is an ancient structure with a tower. 

 In the village are a Metho<Ust chapel. Church schools, and a Free schooL 

 Several cotton-mills and paper-mills are near Hayfield. Some woollen 

 cloth is made. 



HAYLE. [Cornwall] 



HAYTI. [HiSPANIOLA.] 



HAZEBROUCK. [Nord.J 



HEADFORD. [Galwat.J 



HEADINOTON, Oxfordshire, a village and the seat of a Poor-Law 

 Union, in the pariah of Headington, is pleasantly situated in 51° 46' 

 N. lat, 1° 12^ W. long., distant 2 miles RN.E. from Oxford, and 

 52 miles W.N.W. from London by road. The population of the parish 

 of Headington in 1851 was 1653. The living is a vicarage in the 

 archdeaconry and diocese of Oxford. Heodiugtou Poor-Law Union 

 contains 23 parishes and townships, with an area of 24,890 acres, and 

 a population in 1851 of 15,480. 



Headington is supposed to have been a royal residence under Uie 

 Saxou dynasty. The church is of the 13th century, but the tower 

 was rebuilt in 1689 : there is a lofty shaft of a cross in the church- 

 yard. The Baptists have a chapel, and there is a National school. 

 In the vicinity is the Wameford Lunatic Asylum. Near the village is 

 Headington quarry, from which much of the stone has been taken 

 for the public buildings at Oxford, 



HEADLEY, Hampshire, a village, and the seat of a Qilbcrt Poor- 

 Law lucorponition, in the parish of Hea<lloy, is situated in 61° 6' 

 N. lat, O" 49' W. long., distant 24 miles E. by N. from Winchester, 

 and 45 miles S.W, from London by ro.id : the population of the parish 

 in 1851 was 1424. The living is a rectory in the archdeaconry ami 

 diocese of Winchester. Headley Oilbert Incorporation contains three 

 parishes, with an area of 15,328 acres, and a population in 1851 of 

 2854. The parish church is an early English structure, and there are 

 in the village an Endowed school and a National school. 



HEAGE. [Dp.rbysiiihe.] 



HEANOB. [Dkrbyshirk.] 



HEBRIDES, THE (or Weittem Islands of Scotland), ore Islands 

 scattered in the Atlantic Sea, along the western coast of North Britain, 

 between 66° 86' and 69 N. lat, 6* and 8° W. long. They are 300 in 

 number, but many are very small and sterile, and only about 80 are 

 inhabited. Of the 300 some are mere rocks ; throwing these out of 

 computation there are about 170 ialunds worthy of a place in the map. 

 These islands are commonly divided into the Northern and Southern 

 Hebrides, the most western point of the mainland of Argylcehirc, the 

 promontory of Ardnamurchan (56° 45' N. lat, 6° 14' W. long.) being 

 considered the point from which the line of division between them 

 runs westward into the Atlantic. 



The surface of the Hebrides is stated to exceed 3184 square miles. 

 Some of the larger islands, especially those which approach the main- 

 land, are mountainous : such are those of Arran, Jura, Mull, and Skye, 

 in which some of the elevated masses rise more than 8000 feet above 

 the sea. In the rest the most elevated parts do not in general exceed 

 ISOO feet i and in some, as in Tyree and in the southern islands, the 



