﻿177 



HEYTESBURY. 



HIMALAYA MOUNTAINS. 



178 



nine principal arches, with three supplementary arches, affording a 

 pasi»ge for the waters in time of floods. The old priory church, now 

 used as a parish church, is a cruciform edifice, with a lofty central tower, 

 and is of the transition style of the 12th century. The nave, which was 

 burnt by the Scots in the reign of Edward I., has never been rebuilt ; 

 the transepts are separated from the choir by a screen, richly carved 

 in the lower part, and having in the upper part an emblematical 

 painting. The choir is separated from the side aisles by three tiers of 

 arches, supported by massive clustered pillars : the lower and the upper 

 tiers are composed of pointed arches, the arches in the middle tier 

 are circular. At the west end of the church are some remains of 

 the monastic buildings. In Hexham there are places of worship for 

 Independents, Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, English Presby- 

 terians, United Presbyterians and Roman Catholics. Hexham is the 

 seat of a bishop of the Roman Catholic Church in England. The Free 

 Orammar school, founded in 1599, has an income from endowment of 

 251. a year, and had 55 scholars in 1853. There are also a Free school, a 

 mechanics institute, a savings bank, and a dispensary. A county 

 court is held in the town. Tuesday is the market-day. Fairs are 

 held on March 25th, August 6th, and November 9th. Gloves and 

 hats are manufactured in the town. 

 HEYTESBURY. [Wiltshirk.] 



HIBERNIA. [IRELA-ND.] 



HIERES. [HTfcRE.s.J 



HIEKRO. or FERRO, ISLAND. [Casaries.] 



HIERTINO, or HJERTINO, a amall sea-port town of Jutland in 

 Denmark, is situated on the east shore of the Bay of Hierting, near 

 the point indicated by 65° 31' N. lat, 8° 21' E. long. It has lately 

 risen to consideration on account of its harbour, which affords to 

 Denmark a direct means of import and export independent of Ham- 

 burg and Bremen. A railroad is in course of construction to Copen- 

 hagen, with breaks at the Little and Great Belts. Steamers occasionally 

 ply with cattle and the agricultural produce of Jutland to Lowestoft 

 in the English county of Suffolk. 



The Bay of Hierting is a well-sheltered inlet of the North Sea, 

 about 10 miles long and 3 miles broad. It is protected on the west 

 by a long sandy peninsula and on the south by the island of Fano, 

 between which and the peninsula, an entrance about a mile and a half 

 in width leads into the bay from the North Sea. The Warde-aae 

 runs into the head of Hierting Bay a few miles west of the town of 

 Warde. 



HIOHAM FERRERS. [Northamptoxshike.] 



HIOHOATE. [Middlesex.] 



HIGHWORTH, WilUhire, a market-town, and conjointly with 

 Swindon the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Highworth, 

 is situated in 51° 38' N. lat., 1° 42' W. long. ; distant 26 miles N. by 

 E. from Devizes, and 74 miles W. by N. from London. The popula- 

 tion of the tithing in 1851 was 698, of the entire parish, 4026. The 

 living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Bristol and diocese of 

 Olouceater and Bristol Highworth and Swindon PoorLaw Union 

 contains 16 parishes and townships, with an area of 52,030 acres, and 

 a population in 1851 of 17,332. 



Highworth stands on a hill on the road between Lechlade and 

 Swindon. It is lighted with gas. The houses are generally built of 

 ■tone. The church is chiefly of the 14th century. On the south aide 

 is a chapel which is hung round with ancient armour. The Wesleyan 

 and Primitive Methodists and Independents have places of worship, 

 and there are National and British schools. Wednesday is the 

 market-day. Two fairs are held in the course of the year. 



HI LDBUROHAUSEN. [Saie-Meininokn.] 



HILDESHEIM, a landdrostei, or province, of Hanover, consisting 

 of the principality of Hildesheim, which forms the most southern 

 part of Hanover proper ; of the principalities of Oottingen and Gru- 

 benhagen, which form an isolated portion of Hanover lying between 

 Brunswick, Hesae-Caaael, Prussian Saxony, and Westphalia; and of 

 the county of Hohnstein, another isolated district which lies south- 

 east of the preceding, and extends southward from the Brunswick 

 circle of Blankenburg into the Erfurt division of Prussian Saxony. 

 The total area of the province of Hildesheim is 1717 square miles : 

 the population according to the census of 1852 was 367,883, of whom 

 2»6,73* were Lutherans, 7627 Calvinists, 60,302 Catholics, 197 unde- 

 fined Christians, and 3023 Jews. 



1. In the south of the principality of JJildaheim the surface is 

 traversed by branches of the Harz. The soil is stony and not gene- 

 rally fertile. In the centre and north the surface is undulating, and 

 the soil rich and fertile. The princii>al rivers are the lunerste, Leine, 

 Ocker, Ecker, and Fuhse. The climate is healthy. The agricultural 

 products are com, garden vegetables, fruit, flax, hops, and timber : 

 the mineral products are iron, coal, and salt. Linen is the principal 

 manufacture. The area of the principality is 721 square miles. 



The principal town is HUdtthdm, the capital, which stands on the 

 Innerate, and is a place of considerable extent, but very irregularly 

 built. It is connected by railway with Hanover, from which it is 

 24 miles distant to the south of south-east : population, 14,000. It is 

 divirled into the old and the new towns. There are seven gates ; the 

 ancient ramparto have been levelle<l and converted into public walks. 

 The town gives title to a Roman Catholic bishop, but most of the 

 inhabitants are Lutherans. The cathedral, founded in 818 by Jjouis 



ocoo. onr. tol. in. 



the Pious, has 10 altars, very fine paintings on glass, magnificent 

 bronze doors covered with bas-reliefs, and numerous antiquities, 

 among which is a pillar of greenish marble, said to have been a Saxon 

 idol, which now supports an image of the Blessed Virgin. There are 

 3 other Catholic and 8 Lutheran churches, several hospitals, 2 gym- 

 nasia, and a well-regulated jjoor-house in the town. Goslar, or. the 

 Gose, a' feeder of the Ocker, stands at the foot of the Rammels- 

 berg, a northern spur of the Harz, famous for its lead and copper 

 mines ; the town, which was once a free imperial city and the resi- 

 dence of the emperors of Germany, has 7500 inhabitants, and is 

 interesting for the remains of its ancient cathedral (finished in 1050, 

 and partially demolished in 1820), and of an imperial palace, now a 

 com m.igazine ; it^ principal manufactures are beer, spirits, vitriol, 

 hardware, carpets, leather, shot, &c. Goslar is the seat of the mining 

 board and of the corn depot for the Hanoverian portion of the Harz. 

 Peine, a small walled town N. E. of Hildesheim, stands on the 

 Fuhse, and on the railway from Hanover to Brunswick, and has 3000 

 inhabitants. Among the other towns are Buhenem on the Nette, a 

 branch of the Innerate; population, 2500: .4 //e/d on the right bank 

 of the Leine, which has 2600 inhabitants : and Elze, a few miles W. of 

 Hildesheim ; population, 2000. 



2. The principality of Gottingen is bounded N. and E. by Brunswick, 

 and the principality of Grubenhagen, S. and W. by Prussian Saxony, 

 Hesse-Cassel, and Westphalia. Its area is about 646 square mile.s. 

 The north-eastern part of the principality is covered with offsets of 

 the Harz, and the south-western part between the Leine and the 

 Weser, by the Soiling Mountains. These eminences are of raoderato 

 height, chiefly of basaltic formation, and frequently assume conical 

 forms. The Weser, which is formed in this principality by the junc- 

 tion of the Werra and the Fulda, forms part of the western boundary. 

 The Leine drains the eastern districts. The soil is for the most part 

 stony, except in the river valleys, where it is very fertile ; every pai-t 

 capable of cultivation is tilled with care. The corn crops are more 

 than sufficient for the consumption ; potatoes and pulse are grown in 

 abundance ; other crops are flax, tobacco, and colza. Cherries, apples, 

 and plums are the chief fruits. Sheep are reared in great numbers 

 on the natural pastures. The minerals of the principality comprise 

 copper, lead, and iron ; salt and alum are also found. Linen, woollen 

 cloth, glass, paper, and iron are among the industrial products. Timber 

 is abundantly produced. The navigable river Weser, the high-road 

 from Frankfurt-am-Main through Cassel, Gottingen, and Hanover to 

 the towns on the Elbe and the Baltic, and the railway from Hanover 

 through Gottingen to Cassel afford gi-eat facilities for commerce. 



(liittingen, the capital of the principality and the seat of a university, 

 is noticed in a separate article. [Gottingen.] Among the other 

 towns we notice the following : — MUnden, 15 miles S.W. from Got- 

 tingen, is built in the fork between the Werra and the Fulda, which 

 here unite and form the Weser. It is surrounded by walls flanked 

 with towers, and has above 4000 inhabitants. Miinden is the most 

 commercial place in the principality. The river trade is in corn, timber, 

 and millstones, and employs above 500 river barges, plying dowu the 

 Weser, the Werra, and the Fulda to Bremen. The imports consist 

 chiefly of colonial produce and French wines and brandies. Miinden 

 has also a very important linen trade and market. Tobacco and 

 earthenware are manufactured. Nordheim, 12 miles N. from Got- 

 tingen, on the left bank of the Ruhme and a little above its junction 

 with the Leine, is also a walled town. It is well-built, and has manu- 

 factures of tobacco, linen, flannel, and hosiei-y : population, 4100. 

 Ualar, a small fortified town 15 miles N.W. from Gottingen, is built 

 in a valley watered by the Able, a feeder of the Weser, at the western 

 base of the Soiling Mountains, and has iron-works, manufactures of 

 linen and pipes, bleachworks, a copper foundry, a paper-mill, and 

 2300 inhabitants. 



3. Grubenhagen is the subject of a separate notice. [Grubenhagen.] 



4. The isolated county of HohnaUin, or Ilofiensfein, has an area of 

 72 square dSiles. It is covered by the Harz Mountains, except towards 

 the south, where it comprises a portion of the Goldene-Aue. The 

 Goldene-Aue, or Golden Vale, watered by the Helme and its feeders, 

 separates the region of the Harz from the offsets of the Thuringer- 

 wald, and is one of the most beautiful spots in Germany. It is 

 chiefly in the Prussian government of Erfurt. The small part of it 

 belonging to Hanover is very fertile in com, and well cultivated. 

 The mountains are covered with forests or with pasture ; cattle are 

 reared; honey and game abound. Iron, copper, cobalt, manganese, 

 coal, marble, limestone, &c. are among the minerals ; but iron-mines 

 only are worked. The county is divided into two districts, named 

 from the villages of Neuttadt and Ilefeld, which have under 1000 

 inhabitants. Near Neustadt are the ruins of the castle of Hohnstein, 

 from which the county is named. 



HILLAH. [Babylon.] 



HILLSBOROUGH. [Downsbire.] 



HIMA'LAYA MOUNTAINS, or HIMMA'LEH MOUNTAINS, 

 form the boundary of Hindustan, on the N.E. and N., and of the 

 valley of Asam on the N. They are situated between 27° and 35° 

 N. lat., 73° and 98° E. long. The most western portion, which extends 

 over more than 900 miles (between 73° and 88° E. long.), lies in a 

 general direction from north-west to south-east, forming a slightly 

 curved line, which gradually becomes nearly due east. Between 88° 



N 



