﻿nr 



HORTA. 



HTTDDEBSFIELD. 



tu 



Wtdtyvi Methodirta, Independanta, Baptist*, and Qaaker*. A corn- 

 markat ti hdd on SatnnUy, and a poultry market on Monday. Yearly 

 iUra ars held April 5th, July lUh, November 17th, and 27th, and 

 on the Monday before Whitsuntide. There are in the town a Gram- 

 mar lehool, founded in 1532, which has an income from endowment, 

 of 41St a Tear, with bouses for the masters, and bad 60 aoholars in 

 1883 ; Btitiah sod Infiuit schools ; a savings bank ; and a literary and 

 ■eieatifle iastitntioa. Honham is a borough by preacription. Petty 

 ■aasions an beU here. 



HORTA. [AsoBSS.] 



HORTON. rVAK-DiMEii's Lard.] 



HOUQHTON-LE^PRINO, Durham, a Tillage and the seat of a 

 Poor-Law Union, is situated in 5i° 60' N. lat, 1° 27' W. Ion?. ; 

 distant 7 milee N.E. from Durham, 265 miles N. by W. from London 

 by road, and 286 miles by the Qreat Northern and North of England 

 railways. The population of the town of Houghton-le-Spring in 1851 

 was 8224. The living is a rectory in the archdeaconry and diocese 

 of Durham. Houghtun-le-Spring Poor-Law Union contains 16 town- 

 ship^ with an area of 14,041 acres, and a population in 18S1 of 

 19,564. 



The town 'of Houghton-le-Spring is irregular, and nearly half a 

 mile long ; it stands at the head of a fine vale, sheltered on the north 

 and east by limestone hills. It contains several handsome buildings. 

 Houghton Hall is a large mansion, built in the reign of Elizabeth or 

 James I. The church is cruciform, with a square tower springing 

 ttom the intersection of the transepts and nave. The church con- 

 tains the monument of Bernard Gilpin, ' the Apostle of the North.' 

 There are places of worship for Baptists, United Presbyterians, and 

 Methodists ; and National, Infant, and Free schools. The Kepier 

 Orammar school, founded in 1574 by the exertions of Bernard Gilpin, 

 has an income from endowment of about 1501. a year, and had 42 

 aeholars in 1851. Extensive iron-works and numerous coal-mines in 

 the vicinity give employment to many of the population. 



HOUGHTON REGIS. [Bbdfordshibk.] 



HOUNSLOW, Middlesex, a small town, formerly a market-town, 

 in the parishes of Heston and Isleworth, is situated on the Great- 

 Western coach-road, in 50° 28' N. lat, 0° 21' W. long., distant 12 

 miles W. by S. from London by road, and 134 miles hy the Windsor 

 branch of the South-Westem railway. The population of the town 

 of Hounslow in 1851 was 3514. The living is a perpetual curacy in 

 the archdeaconry of Middlesex and diocese of London. Houndow 

 consists chiefly of a street extending about a mile along the high- 

 road ; it is lighted with gas, and is irregularly paved. The church is 

 a neat modem building, with 12 stone cupolas or spires, and a belfry, 

 in the Italian style. The chapel of ease, which it replaced, had been 

 the church of a priory, founded here in the 13th century. The 

 Independents and Baptists have places of worship, and there are 

 Subecription and Infant schools. The high-road from London to 

 Southampton branches off at the west end of the town of Hounslow, 

 proceeding to the south-west. Previo<is to the opening of the rail- 

 ways to Southampton and Bath, Hounslow possessed one of the most 

 extensive posting businesses in England, having nearly 600 coaches 

 paadng through it every day. Hounslow Heath was until the present 

 oentury notoriousaa the scene of numerous highway robberies. On many 

 oocamons there have been military encampments on the heath west- 

 ward from the town ; spacious military barracks and grounds for 

 military exeroiaes are stUl maintained. The Hounslow Heath gun- 

 powder-milla are on a very Urge scale. The greater part of the Heath 

 la now inclosed, and many TUlaa have been built around the town. 

 {Otmmmticationjrom Somulaw.) 



HOUSSA. [SouDAN.l 



HOUSTON. ITkxas.] 



HOWDEN, East Riding of Torkahiie, a market-town and the seat 

 of a Poor-Law Union in the parish of Howden, is situated near the 

 left bank of the river Ousc, in 53° 44' N. Ut, 0° 52' W. long, distant 

 20 miles 8.E. by S. from York, 180 milea N. by W. from London by 

 road, and 192 miles by the Great Northern, and Selby and Hull rail- 

 way The population of the town of Howden in 1851 was 2235. The 

 living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of the East Riding and diocese 

 of York. Howden Poor-Law Union oonteins 40 townships and chapel- 

 ries, with an area of 67,121 acres, and a population in 1851 of 14,231. 

 Howden contains some good houses, and is lighted with gas. The 

 eharcb was formerly collegiate. The present parish church is a 

 portion only of the old building ; the remainder forms an extensive 

 and beautiful ruin, which has a lofty and well-proportioned square 

 tower rising from the centre. The chapter-house, which is octagonal, 

 and coDtaios thirty canopied seate, was erected in the 14 th century. 

 Near the town, and now used as a farm-house, are the remains of an 

 aookat palaos of the bishops of Durham. The town conteins chapels 

 for Independent*, Wedeyan and Primitive Methodist^ and Roman 

 Catholic*. The Endowed Grammar school was founded in Qneen 

 EUnbetb's reign : the school-house forms part of the structure of the 

 ehnrcb. Howden po**es*e* a National school, a mechanics institute, 

 and a aavings bank. On the Ouae, which is about a mile from Howden, 

 is a ttrrj, with a small harbour for boste, to accommodate the town. 

 In tbs iMgbboiubood of the town are several large sacking manufac- 

 tories, FUz-dresring, hat-making, brick- and tile-making, and tanning 

 are carried on. Several corn-mills are in the vicinitv. A county court 



is held in the town. The weekly market is on Saturday : furs for 

 horses and cattle are held every alternate Tuesday, and an annual fair 

 in ApriL The great horse fair generally laste a fortnight before 

 October 2nd, which is the principal day. This is considered the 

 greatest horse fair in England. It is the principal source of supply 

 of horses for the army ; it is also resorted to by foreign as well as 

 British dealers and breeders. 



HOWTH. [DoBLiif, County of] 



HOXNE, a hundred in the county of Suffolk, which gives name to 

 a Poor-Law Union. The hundred of Hozne is bounded N. by the 

 river Waveney, which forms here the boundary between Suffolk and 

 Norfolk ; 8. by the hundred of Loes, E. by the hundreds of Blything 

 and Wangford, and W. by the hundred of Hartismere. Hoxne 

 hundred comprises 26 parishes, with an area of 56,626 acres, and a 

 population in 1851 of 16,894. Hoxne Poor-Law Union contains 24 

 parishee, with an area of 53,036 acres, and a population in 1851 

 of 16,585. 



HOYA. [Hanotbb.] 



HUDDERSFIELD, West Riding of Yorkshire, a manufacturing 

 and market-town, parliamentary borough, and the feat of a Poor-Law 

 Union, is situated on the slope and summit of a hill above the river 

 Colne, in 63° 38' N. lat., 1° 47' W. long., 35 miles S.W. from York, 

 204 milea N.N.W. from London by the North-Westem, and the Man- 

 chester Sheffield and Lincolnshire railways. The government of the 

 town reste in a body of Improvement Commissioners. The parlia- 

 mentary borough, which was created by the Reform Act, returns one 

 member to the Imperial Parliament. The population of the borough 

 in 1851 was 80,880. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of 

 Craven and diocese of Ripon. Huddersfield Poor-Law Union com- 

 prises 34 parishes and townships, with an area of 69,064 acres, and a 

 population in 1851 of 123,843. 



Huddersfield is one of the chief seats of the woollen manufactures, 

 and has also some branches of the cotton manufacture. Its situation 

 on the high road from Manchester to Leeds, and its supply of water- 

 power, together with the immediate proximity of coal and building- 

 stone, and the great facilities of conveyance afforded by abundant 

 railway and canal communications, have contributed to ite increased 

 wealth and population. The greater part of the houses of Hudders- 

 field are neatly built of a light-coloured stone. The streets are well 

 paved, and are lighted with gas. Considerable improvements have 

 been recently effected in widening the streete and making the 

 approaches and principal thoroughfares worthy of the increasing 

 importance of the town. The market-place is a large area, surroundml 

 with good bouses and shops. The most important industrial producta 

 of Huddersfield are broad and narrow woollen cloths, serges, kersey- 

 meres, cords, and a great variety of fancy goods, such as shawls and 

 waisteoatings, composed of worsted, silk, and cotton. A commodious 

 cloth-hall was erected by Sir John Ramsden, the proprietor of the 

 town, in 1765, and enlarged by his son in 1780. This edifice is 

 circular, two stories high, and 880 yards in circumference. It 

 has an avenue of stalls for the sale of woollen cloths,' dividing the 

 interior into two semicircles. The main building is divided on the 

 one side into separate compartmente or shops, and on the other into 

 open stalls. Upwards of 600 manufacturers attend this ball each 

 market day. The doors ore opened in the morning and closed at half- 

 past twelve : they are again opened at three in the afternoon for the 

 removal of cloth. Above the entrance is a cupola with a clock and 

 bell for regulating the time allowed for business. 



The parish church of St. Peter's was rebuilt in 1837 ; the new 

 church, which is in the perpendicular style, cost about 10,0002. The 

 floor of the old church is now the floor of the crypt, under the new 

 one. Trinity church, erected in 1819 at a cost of 12,000/., is in the 

 pointed gothic style. St. Paul's church, in the early English style, was 

 built by the parUamentery commissioners in 1831. Besides these, in 

 March 1851, there were 4 places of worship for Episcopalians, 9 for 

 Methodists, 2 for Independents, 2 for Baptists, and 1 each for Quakers, 

 Roman Catholics, Unitarians, and Mormons. The total number of 

 sittings provided was 15,787. The Methodist chapel in Queen-street 

 is one of the largest belonging to the connexion in England. The 

 Roman Catholic church is a handsome structure. The numlier 

 of public day-schools in the borough in March 1851 was 17, with 

 2982 scholars; private schools SO, with 1101 scholars. The number 

 of Sunday schools was 21, with 4634 scholars. A Proprietary College, 

 founded in 1838, is in connection with London University, and had 

 190 scholars in 1853. There is also a Collegiate school under the 

 superintendence of members of the Established Church. The Philo- 

 sophical Hall, a Grecian building, completed in 1837, belongs to the 

 Philosophical Society, and is used for important public meetings. 

 There is a large mechanics institute. The town possesses subscrip- 

 tion libraries, a commercial news-room, and a savings bank. The 

 water-works, about four miles west from the town, are admirably 

 constructed. The infirmary, a large and elegant stone-building of 

 the Doric order, situated on the Halifax road, is supported mainly 

 by voluntary contributions. Lockwood Spa baths are about half a 

 mile from the town, in the sheltered valley of the Holme. The 

 buildings are elegant ; the waters are strongly sulphureous ; the bnths 

 comprise cold, tepid, warm, vapour, and shower baths. 



There are many streams in the neighbourhood ; the Holme and 



