﻿HULL. 



HUltaARY. 



231 



a design. The anniveraary of this event ia still celebrated by the 

 name of ' the town-taking day.' 



Hull is situated in a low level plain about 20 miles from the mouth 

 of the Humber, and is protected in some places from the overflow of 

 the tides by embankments, and in others by an artificial raising of the 

 surface. The general level of the surface of the streets varies from 

 6 inches to 6 feet below the high-water mark of spring tides ; the 

 outfall of whatever drainage there is in the town is interfered with 

 by the flow of the tide, which in all cases has to be shut out by flood- 

 gates. Baths and washhouses have been in operation for some years. 

 The town Ls lighted with gas. 



The oldest and most densely inhabited part of Hull (Old Kingston) 

 is now completely insulated by the Humber on the south, the Hull on 

 the east, and on the west and north by a chain of docks and basins, 

 which occupy the site of the old fortifications. In Sculcoates parish, 

 which extends northward from the Old Dock, there are some hand- 

 some streets, most of which have been laid out within the present 

 century. Still more modem is that portion of the town called Myton, 

 which lies westward from the Humber Dock. A part of the town 

 built along the left or Holdemess bank of the river Hull, and called 

 the Garrison-side, is connected with Hull by a bridge of four arches. 

 Of the old fortifications there remain only two forts, by which and 

 several batteries on the left bank of the river Hull the town and 

 harbour are defended. The citadel, which stands on a triangular 

 piece of ground between the Humber, the Hull, and the new Victoria 

 Docks, and has a battery of 21 guns, commands the entrance of the 

 Hull roads and the Humber. It is surroimded by a rampart and ditch, 

 and is occupied by a regular garrison. 



The public buildings connected with the trade and commerce of 

 Hull are the custom-house, the dock-office, the pilot-office, the excise- 

 office, the exchange, the chamber of commerce, the post-office, the 

 stamp-office, the corn-exchange, and several banks. The upper part 

 of the pilotoffice is used as a telegraph station for signalling vessels 

 in the Humber. The mansion-house is a plain brick edifice, at the 

 rear of which is a court-house : the other law-courts are the county 

 court and the court of venire, in which the recorder presides, for 

 determining civil causes, and which has a jurisdiction over the town 

 and county of Hull. The new jail and house of correction, in King- 

 ston-street on the Humber bank, cost 30,000i. The public rooms in 

 Jarratt-street form a handsome structure, and contain a great variety 

 of offices, besides baths, assembly-rooms, a lectuie-room, and a well 

 stored museum. The places of amusement are the Victoria Concert 

 Rooms, the Theatre Royal, and the Queen's Theatre. A neat eques- 

 trian statue of William III. is in the market-place. The Wilberforce 

 Memorial at the end of Junction-street is a fine fluted Doric column, 

 placed on a square pedestal, and surmounted by a statue of Wilber- 

 force, who was a native of the town. The column with the statue is 

 80 feet high. There are botanic and zoological gardens in the western 

 outskirts of the town. 



The number of places of worship in the borough in March 1851 

 was 51, containing 36,177 sittings. Of these places of worship 15 

 belonged to the Church of EngUnd, 15 to four sections of Methodists, 

 8 to Independents, and 4 to Baptists. The number of Sunday schools 

 was 39, with 8112 scholars. Of these Sunday schools 17 were under 

 the superintendence of Methodists, 10 were connected with the Church 

 of England, and 5 with Independents. There were i literary insti- 

 tutes, with about 1000 members, and with libraries comprising about 

 4200 volumes. 



Among the educational charities are — the Trinity House school for 

 86 boys, who receive a nautical education ; Cogan's Charity school for 

 40 girls ; and a Roman Catholic Free school. The Free Grammar 

 school, the school-room of which, rebuilt in 1578, is said to be one 

 of the best in England, was founded by Bishop Alcock, a native of 

 Beverley, in 1483. In 1853 it had 90 scholars. The HuU CoUege, a 

 proprietary school founded in 1838, is a handsome Grecian building. 

 The total number of day-schools in the borough in March 1851 was 

 244, of which 27 were public schools, with 5090 scholars, and 217 

 were private schools, with 5119 scholars. The general infixmary was 

 commenced in 1782; two wings were added to it in 1840. There are 

 also two dispensaries, a lunatic asylum, and the Hull and East Riding 

 School of Medicine and Anatomy. 



Tl^ Holy Trinity church is the most ancient in Hull, and is an 

 elegant cruciform structure, with a lofty and beautiful tower spring- 

 ing from the intersection. The nave and chancel have a total length 

 of 272 feet; the breadth of the nave is 172 feet; of the chancel 

 70 feet ; and the length of the transept is 96 feet. The transept is 

 said to be the oldest brick-building, not Roman, in England. The 

 chancel is in the decorated style, and was erected in 1270 ; the tower 

 was built in 1312; and the nave, which is in the perpendicular style, 

 dates from 1492. 



The Charter-house is an endowed institution, which has 57 apart- 

 ments for the residence of as many poor persons ; the Trinity-house, 

 founded in 1366 for the relief of decayed seamen, and the widows of 

 seamen, now occupies handsome and extensive premises in Trinity- 

 lane, with apartments for 12 elder brethren, and a number, not limited, 

 of younger brethren, a separate suite of rooms for widows, a marine 

 school, and a marine hospital 

 In former times the chief articles exported from Hull were wool. 



woolfells, and leather : the imports were wine, and timber. At the 

 present time the coasting-trade is an important branch of the shipping 

 business of the port. For many years there has been extensive com- 

 mercial intercourse between Hull and the ports in the Baltic, with 

 the north of Germany, Holland, Belgium, and Denmaik. The chief 

 articles imported are timber, corn, iron, wool, flax, hemp, tallow, 

 hides, pitch, tar, rosin, bones, horn, &c. ; the exports are principally 

 hardware, and woollen and cotton goods. The industrial establish- 

 ments of Hull include shipbuilding yards, rope-walks, and manufac- 

 tories of canvass, chains, chain-cablee, and steam machinery ; corn-mills, 

 bone-mills, colour-mills, crushing- and oil-mills ; steam saw-mills ; 

 chemical factories, potteries, tan-yards, sugar-refineries, flax- and 

 cotton-mills, and an organ factory. The Greenland fishery owed its 

 revival about 1766 and its subsequent importance to the mercantile 

 enterprise of Hull, but since 1819 the number of ships engaged in 

 this fishery has been gradually diminishing, and few, if any ships are 

 now sent from tliis port to Greenland. Of late years Hull has become 

 a principal steam-packet station. Ocean steamers ply regularly 

 between Hull and Newcastle, Leith, Aberdeen, and Yarmouth ; also 

 to Antwerp, Bremen, Copenhagen, Hamburg, Rotterdam, and St. 

 Petersburg (?). River-packets and steam-tugs ply between HuU and 

 Gainsborough, Selby, Goole, York, Barton, New Holland, on the oppo- 

 site bank of the Humber, Thome, and Grimsby. The facilities of 

 communication by roads and water are numerous ; and the town is 

 connected by railways with all parts of the kingdom. 



The Old Dock, formed in 1775, is 1703 feet long, 254 feet broad, 

 and 23 feet deep ; the wharfs and quays cover an area of above 13 

 acres. The entrance by the Old Dock basin is 211 feet long and 80 

 feet broad. The Humber Dock, at the west part of the town, com- 

 pleted in 1809, is 914 feet long, 342 feet broad, and 31 feet deep ; the 

 area of the wharfs exceeds 10 acres. The basin by which it opens into 

 the Humber is 434 feet long and 258 feet broad. The Junction 

 Dock, completed in 1829, connects the Old Dock and the Humber 

 Dock. Its length is 645 feet, breadth 407 feet ; the locks are 120 feet 

 long, 36 feet broad, and 25 feet deep ; the draw-bridges are each 24 

 feet wide. The Railway Dock near the terminus of the Hull and 

 Selby railway, and the Victoria Dock to the east of the citadel have 

 been recently constructed. The Victoria Dock is one of the largest 

 docks in the town. The amount of customs duties received at the 

 port during 1851 was 353,623^. 10». 2d. The number and tonnage of 

 vessels registered at the port of Hull on the 31st December 1853 

 were as follows : — Sailing-vessels, 228 under 50 tons, tonnage 8223 ; 

 above 50 tons, 223, tonnage 48,438 : steam-vessels, 12 under 50 tons, 

 tonnage 291 ; 30 above 50 tons, tonnage 7418. The number and 

 tonnage of vessels which entered and cleared during 1853 were : — Coast- 

 wise, sailing-vessels, inwards, 772, tonnage 56,133; outwards, 854, 

 tonnage 73,847 ; steam-vessels, inwards, 696, tonnage 95,629 ; out- 

 wards, 603, tonnage 97,693. 



The ships and tonnage (inclusive of both sailing- and steam-vessels) 

 employed in the colonial and foreign trade of the port of HuU for 

 the years 1851, 1852, and 1853, are presented in the foUowlng 

 table .— 



i 



If 



Inwards. 



Outwards. 



BritUb. 



Foreign. 



British. 



Foreign. 



Ships. 



Tonnage. 



Ships. 



Tonnage. 



Ships. 



Tonnage. 



ships. 



Tonnage. 



1851 

 1832 

 1863 



1185 

 1087 

 1107 



295,859 

 285,957 

 285,641 



1433 

 1220 

 1753 



212,709 

 175,775 

 269,212 



843 

 758 

 776 



236,781 

 223,260 

 217,411 



1081 



950 



1285 



173,363 

 139,133 

 190,591 



L 



The declared value of British and Irish produce exported from 

 Hull in 1851 was 10,126,421?.; in 1852 it was 9,894,253?.; in 1853 it 

 was 10,788,790?. 



The market-days are Tuesday and Friday ; annual fairs are held 

 on the second Tuesday in April, on the 11th of October for horaea, 

 homed cattle, &c., and on the following day for toys, pedlery, &c. 



{Communication from Hull ; Parliammtary Papers.) 



HUMBER. [Yorkshire.] 



HUNDSRL'CK. [Gbrmany.] 



HCNFELD. [Fulda.] 



HUNGARY. This name has been used sometimes in a more 

 general, sometimes in a more limited sense. Under the denomination 

 of Hungarian Hereditary Dominions were comprehended Hungary 

 proper, Slavonia, Croatia, Transylvania, Dalmatia, and the Military 

 Frontier. The kingdom of Hungary uuited imder the same civil 

 government, as determined after the peace in 1815, comprehended 

 Hungary, Slavonia, and Croatia, to the last of which the circle of 

 Carlstadt (which previously made part of lUyria), and the Hungarian 

 Littorale, Kiisteniand, or sea-coast, were annexed in 1822. After the 

 revolutionary movements of 1848-49, Croatia, Slavonia, and the Banat 

 were separated from Hungary ; the Kiisteniand had been previously 

 formed into a distinct district. The kingdom, within its present 

 Umits, is bounded N. by Moravia, SUesia, and Galicia ; E. by Transyl- 

 vania and the Bukowme ; S. by Serbia and Slavonia ; and W. by 

 Styria, Lower Austria, and Moravia. It extends from 16° to 25° 3' 



