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HUNGARY. 



HUNGARY. 



DivitUmi, Tovmt, (tc. — Hungary was, until the last few years, 

 divided into four circles, which were subdivided into 46 counties. It 

 is now divided into five districts, Presburg, Kaachau, Grosswardein, 

 Buda-Pesth, and Oedenburg, which are subdivided into i5 counties 

 The circles are named after their capitals : of these BnDA, Oeden- 

 BURO, and Presburg are noticed under their titles ; Kaschau and 

 Grosswardein, with some of the other more important towns of 

 Hungary, we notice here. It is necessary to observe however, in 

 reference to the population here given, that the estimate usually 

 includes what are called the suburbs ; but these often really com- 

 prise the neighbouring villages which are connected with the 

 market-town. 



Grottwardein is situated on the left bank of the Sebes Koros, in 

 47° 1' N. lat., 21° 54' E. long. : population, with the suburbs, about 

 19,000. The town itaelf is strongly fortified. The chief buildings 

 are the cathedral and churches; there are a gymnasium, a royal 

 academy, and national and other schools. 



Katchau, or Katta, is situated on the right bank of the Hemad, 

 in 48° 37' N. lat., 21° 17' E. long., at an elevation of 1060 feet above 

 the level of the sea ; with the suburbs it contains above 20,000 

 inhabitants. It contains several fine buildings, the principal being 

 the Elizabeth-pfarrkirche, erected about the middle of the 14th 

 century, and much the finest gothic church in Hungary, two or three 

 other ancient churches, a court-house, gymnasium, theological school, 

 a royal academy with museum and extensive library, 4c A small 

 tributary of the Hemad, which flows through the town, forms in the 

 central square an island, upon which stands a statue of John 

 Kepomak. 



Alt Arad, on the right bank of the Maros, on the southern 

 border of the kingdom, population with suburbs 14,000, is a busy 

 commercial town, having a considerable trade in com, the principid 

 cattle-market of the kingdom, and a large tobacco manufactory. It 

 contains a gymnasium and other schools, and is the seat of a Greek 

 bishopric. Bact, the chief town of the county of Baca, stands on a 

 tributary of the Dauube, 160 miles S. by E. from Buda-Pesth, and 

 contains 3000 inhabitants. Baja, on the left bank of the Danube, 

 90 miles S. from Buda, population 14,500, contains a castle, Komau 

 Catholic, Greek, and Protestant churches, a Jews' synagogue, several 

 schools, &C. The market for swine is a very large one. Bart, or 

 Banch, 60 miles S. by W. from Buda, is situated on the Gran, which 

 divides it into Old and New Bars. It is the mart of a rich com and 

 fruit district, but has much less trade than formerly. Beta, at the 

 confluence of the two branches of the Koroe known as the Black and 

 the White Koros, population 15,000, formerly a fortified town, has 

 now a considerable com and cattle trade. Beregh, or Bcreghtzaa, the 

 capital of Beregh county. Upper Hungary, is a town of little conse- 

 quence. Bihar, 8 miles N. from Grosswardein, population 3000, is 

 a place of some local importance. Comorx, or Komom. Ctaba, 



7 miles S.3.W. from Bekes, is noticeable as the largest village in 

 Europe : it contains 23,000 inhabitants ; Roman Catholic and other 

 churches and schools ; and has a considerable trade in grain, fruit, 

 wine, hemp, flax, and cattle. Ctongrad, at the confluence of the 

 Koros witii the Theiss, is a well-built and was once an imporatant 

 town, but has greatly declined. Debbeczix. Eblau. Pelegyhaza, 

 »bout 60 miles 8.E. from BudaPeeth, population 17,000, has extensive 

 cattle, com, and fruit markets, and a large trade in wme. Poldvar, 

 population 9000, on the right bank of the Danube, is the first 

 stopping-place below Buda-Pesth of the steamers which ply on the 

 Danube: it is only noted for its sturgeon-fishety. FOnfkibcbex. 

 Gran. CHlnt, 12 miles 3. by W. from Oedenburg, population 6000, 

 is almost wholly inhabited by Germans, and is the centre of an old 

 German tribe called Hienzen. The town is famous for a remarkable 

 and suoceaaful defence made against the forces of Sultan Solyman the 

 Magnificent in 1532 : it retains now little of its ancient fortitications 

 besides the old castle. Some silks and woollens are made here. It 

 conttuns Lutheran and Roman Catholic churches, a gymnasium, and au 

 orphan asylum. Jaa-Bermy, on both sides of the Zagya, 37 miles 

 E. from Buda-Pesth, population 17,500, has markets for cattle, horses, 

 and com. The principal buildings are the churches, convents, a 

 gymnasium, town-hall, &c. In the centre of the town is a marble 

 obelisk : a tomb is pointed out as that of Attila. Ketikanet, 50 miles 

 8. by E. from Buda-Pesth, population 42,000, contains several 

 churches, gymnasia and other schools, a school of arts, an orphan 

 asylum, an hospital, and other benevolent institutions. It has five 

 yearly markets : its cattle market is the lai^gest in the kingdom. The 

 breeding of cattle and horses is largely carried on in the district A 

 great deal of wine is made ; there are extensive soap factories and 

 taoiieriea. Kremnilz, an important mining town, lies in a deep valley, 



8 miles W. from Neuaohl : population, 6000. It contains a castle, 

 churches, a mining hospital, and a mint. Smelting-works, paper- 

 mills, and vitriol, vermilion, and earthenware works are in its imme- 

 diate vicinity. MUkolcz, at the foot of the beautiful valley of Vi6a- 

 Oyor, 25 miles N.E. from Erlau, population 28,000, contains several 

 churches, a synagogue, schools, &c. ; has a large trade in wine, and is 

 the market-town of a mining district from which iron of fine quality 

 is obtained. Mohac; on the western arm of the Danube, 25 miles 

 below Baja, is a station for the steamers. It contains a castle, the 

 summer residence of the Bishop of Ftinfkirchen. several churches, 



and a gymnasium. Neahautd, population 6500, on the right bank of 

 the Neutra, and on the Peath and Vienna railway, is not now a town 

 of much consequence. It was formerly a strongly-fortified place, and 

 noted for having been several times beaieged and taken both by 

 Christiana and Turks. No traces of the ancient fortifications remain. 

 Neusalz, on the left bank of the Danube, opposite Peterwardein, 

 with which it is connected by a bridge of boats, population 20,000, is 

 a modem town, having been founded about 1700. Owing to its 

 convenient situation on the Danube it is a busy and flourishiug place, 

 but contains little of general interest. Neusold, or Beszterczebanya, 

 population 6500, or with the suburbs 1 0,000, on the right bank of the 

 Gran, about 85 miles N. from Buda-Pesth, is the finest town of the 

 principal mining district of Himgary. It contains a bishop's palace, 

 a Roman Catholic and a Protestant gymnasium, smeltiug-houses, and 

 the ruins of an ancient castle. Neutra, or Nyitra, population about 

 6000, or with the suburbs 20,000, stands on the right bank of the 

 river Neutra, about 50 miles E.N.E. from Presburg. It is one of the 

 oldest towns in Hungary ; and with the ancient castle, cathedral, and 

 bishop's palace, which are seated on a rocky eminence overlooking 

 the river, has a very picturesque appearance. Nyir Egyhaza, 30 miles 

 N. from Debreczin, population about 16,000, contains Roman Catholic, 

 Lutheran, Reformed, and Greek churches, and has some salt and soda 

 works. Paki, on the right bank of the Danube, 60 miles S. by W. 

 from Buda, population 9000, contains Komau Catholic and Lutheran 

 churches, and is a place of some trade. Raah, on the right bank of 

 the river of the same name, near its junction with the Danube, about 

 45 miles S.S.E. from Presburg, population 18,000, is a steam-boat 

 station and a place of considerable trade. It contains a cathedral, 

 several churches, a gymnasium and other schools, and government 

 tobacco manufactories. Rotenau, on the Sajo, is a mining town, 

 situated in the midst of remarkably fine scenery : population, 7000. 

 It is the seat of a bishopric ; contains several churches, convents and 

 upper and popular schools ; and carries on manufactures of liuen and 

 woollen cloths, earthenware, leather, &c Saroa Patak, on the right 

 bank of the Bodrog, 35 miles S.E. from Kaschau, population 6000, is 

 the seat of a celebrated Calvinistic college. Schemnilz, or Stlmeczbdnya, 

 about 65 miles N. by W. from Buda-Pesth, the chief town of the 

 mining district, is situated in a mountain gorge, and with its suburbs, 

 or rather connected villages, contains 22,000 inhabitants. Here is a 

 noted mining academy. StuhlwetMaibwg, 38 miles S.W. from Buda- 

 Pesth, population about 6000, or with the suburbs 20,000, is the seat 

 of a bishopric, and contains a few fine buildings ; but is situated in a 

 low boggy site, and is an ill-paved and dirty place. The cattle- 

 markets are very large ; and there are manufactures of leather, 

 woollens, Ik. liuUhinar-Semethi is situated on the right bank and 

 on an island in the river Szamos, 60 miles E.N.E. from Debreczin : 

 population, 15,000. It contains a cathedal, a Roman Catholic 

 ooUcgiate school, and three or four churches. A good deal of wine 

 is made in the vicinity. Szaniat, on the left bank of the Koros, 

 33 miles N.W. from Csaba, population 14,000, contains two or three 

 churches, and upper aud popular schools. Szfgedin occupies a low 

 site on both banks of the Theiss, at its confluence with the Maros : 

 population, 34,000. The old town, or central town, in which are the 

 residences of the merchants, is on the right bank of the Theiss ; the 

 new town is on the opposite bank, and is connected with the old 

 town by a bridge of boats. There are several ohurche.", convents, 

 and schools, an old Turkish fortress, a theatre, town-house, very 

 large market-place, 4c. ; but the streets are ill paved and lighted. 

 Szcgedin is one of the most active commercial towns in the kingdom. 

 It exports wine in considerable quantities, com, seed, tallow, 4o. ; 

 and imports manufactured goods from Vi -nna and various Gurman 

 towns. Its manufactures are woollen goods, leather, soap, and 

 tobacco. It is also celebrated for the construction of the boats and 

 floating-mills employed ou the Hungarian rivers. Szenta, on the 

 right bank of the Theiss, 35 miles S. from Szegediu, population 

 14,000, has a market of some local importance, but is chiefly noted as 

 the scene of a great victory gained iu 1696 by Prince Eugene over 

 the Turks. Szentei, near the left bank of the Theiss, 40 miles N. 

 from Szegedin, is another market-town of local importance only. 

 Szolnok, on the right bank of the Theiss, 40 miles N. from Szentes, is 

 a place of some trade, and contains 12,000 inhabitants. Tala, or 

 Botia, near the right bank of the Danube, 13 miles N.E. from 

 Comom, population 9000, contains an old castle, an ancient church, 

 and a residence of Count Katerhazy, where is a celebrated wine-tun, 

 which contains 34,700 English gallons, and is generally filled with 

 fine Hungarian wine. Tliereiianopel, Maria Thereaiemtadt, or 

 Hzabadka, about 27 miles S. W. from Szegedin : population, with the 

 suburbs, about 40,000. The public buildings are, several churches, 

 convents, upper and popular schools, a town-hall, and extensive 

 barracks. There are manufactures of linen, tobacco, and leather; 

 and large markets for the sale of horses, cuttle, sheep, hides, wool, 

 and grain. Timau, 30 miles N.E. from Presburg, population 7000, 

 is celebrated for a large and well-filled wine-tun. The town is locally 

 known as Little Rome, on account of its numerous churches aud 

 convents. Yaaarhtly, the name of two large straggling towns : Hold- 

 Mezo-Vasarhdy, on Lake Hodos, 16 miles N.E. from Szegedin, 

 population 26,500 ; and .Somlo- Vaaarhely, on the Torao, population 

 25,000. In both towns the inhabitants are mainly dependent on the 



