﻿265 



ILSLEY, EAST. 



INDIAK TERRITORY. 



260 



Ilminster was a market-town at the time of the Domesday Survey. 

 The town consista principally of two streets forming a cross; the 

 longer street extends nearly a mile from east to west. The houses 

 are neat and well built. The church, a large cruciform building, with 

 a handsome pinnacled tower rising from the intersection, stands in 

 the centre of the town. There ai-e chapels for Wealeyan Methodists, 

 Independents, and Unitarians ; and National and Endowed schools. 

 A Free Grammar school, founded in 1560, has an endowment of 600?. 

 a year, and 4 exhibitions, value 15/. a year; in 1851 it had 51 pupils. 

 The woollen-cloth, silk, and lace manufactures are carried on, and there 

 are some tan-yards and a considerable malt-trade. The market is on 

 Wednesday ; there is one fair yearly. 



ILSLEY, EAST, Berkshire, a market-town in the parish of East 

 Ilsley, is situated in 51° 32 N. lat., 1° 17' W. long., distant 16 miles 

 N.W. by W. from Reading, and 56 miles W. from London. The 

 })opulation of the parish in 1851 was 750. The living is a rectory in 

 the archdeaconry of Berks and diocese of Oxford. 



East Ilsley stands on the Berkshire DoKTis, in the midst of a country 

 admirably adapted for sheep pasture. The town is celebrated for its 

 sheep markets and great sheep fair, which are among the largest in 

 England. The sheep markets commence on the Wednesday fortnight 

 before Easter, and are held every alternate Wednesday till July. 

 Fairs are held on the Wcdnestlay in Easter week and the Wednesday 

 in Whitsun week, the Wednesday after September 19th, the Wednesday 

 after October 17th, the Wednesday after November 12th, for sheep, 

 and the first Wednesday in July for wool. A great fair for sheep (at 

 which 50,000 sheep and lambs have been penned for sale) is held on 

 August 26th ; and a statute fair on October 1 3th. The ordinary 

 weekly market is held on Wednesday. The church, )>artly of Norman 

 date, was repaired and enlarged in 1815, In the town are a Wesleyan 

 chapel and a National schooL 



IMAUS. [Himalaya MouNTAiua,] 



IMBROS, an island of the Jigean Sea near the south-west coast 

 of the Thracian Chrrsonesus, 18 miles south-east of the island of 

 Samothraco, and about 22 miles north-east of Lemnns, It is now 

 cilled Embro, and also Imru. It is of oval form, and its circum- 

 ference is about 35 miles. Its surface is hilly and well wooded, and it 

 abounds in game. The valleys produce abundantly com, wine, oil, 

 and cotton. The island is watered by a stream anciently called llissus, 

 and by many springs. The population consists of about 4000 Greeks, 

 who inhabit four villages, the principal of which has a castle, and is 

 called Imbro, beini; built on the site of the ancient town of that 

 name, .of which there are still some remains. This island was in 

 remote times the seat of the worship of the Cabiri, like the neigh- 

 bouring islands of Samothrace and Thaaos. It was taken by the 

 Persians about B.C. 508, under Otanes, general of Darius Hystospes ; 

 and at this time it was still inhabited by the Pelasgians, its earliest 

 known inhabitants. It was subsequently colonised by the Athenians. 

 It was afterwards possessed in successiou by the Macedonians, by 

 Attalus, king of Pergamos, and lastly by the Romans. The island 

 now belongs to Turkey. 



Coin of Imbros. 

 Actual Size. Copper. AVeigbt, 86 grains. 



IMIRETIA. [Geobuu.] 



I'MOLA, an episcopal town of the Papal States, in the province of 

 Ravenna, is built in a fine plain on the banks of the Santemo (the 

 ancient Vatrenus), over which there is a handsome bridge of recent 

 construction. Imola is upon or near the site of the ancient Forum 

 Comelii, but the present town was founded by the Longobards. 

 Forum Comelii it is said was founded by Sulla, and sumamed from 

 him ; it was a place of some importance at the death of Ca»ar, as in 

 tho civil war Octavianus made it his winter quarters. Martial resided 

 for some time in Forum Comelii, which continued to flourish under 

 the empire, and till about the 7th century. Its citadel was called 

 Imolas, whence the modem name of the town. Imola with its 

 suburbs contiiins 10,500 inhabitants. It has a fine cathedral and 

 sevdral other churches, a theatre, a handsome hospital, a college with 

 a small public library, in which is a celebrated Hebrew manuscript 

 of the Bible dating from the 13th century. The country around 

 prodnces good wine : cre.im of tartar is manufactured in the town. 

 Imola is on the high road from Bologna to Rimini, at the point where 

 another road branches off to Ravenna. The bishopric of Imola was 

 founded A.D. 422 by Pope Celestin I. Pius VII. and Pius IX. were 

 bishops of Imola before their exaltation to the papal chair. 



INAQUA. IBauamas.] 



INCHMARNOCK, Ituteshire, Scotland, a small island about a mile 

 ia length, lying off the west coast of Bute Island. In ancient times 

 this islet was a seat of the Culdcc:s. About one-fourth of the surface 



is arable land, the remainder consisting of moor and pasture. Its 

 mineral and agricultural products are similar to those of Bote Island. 

 The area and population are returned with the royal burgh of Rothe- 

 say. On the island are the ruins of a chapel. 

 INDIA, BRITISH. [Hindustan.] 



INDIAN TERRITORY, United States of North America, an exten- 

 sive tract of country set apart by the Congress and federal govern- 

 ment for the permanent residence of the various tribes of native 

 Indians removed from the settled states and territories of the Union. 

 It lies generally between 33° 30' and 39° N. lat., 94° and 100° W. long., 

 but the limits are not very strictly defined. It is bounded S. by 

 Texas ; E. by Arkansas and Missouri ; and N. by the newly created 

 territory of Kansas. The area, as given in the ' Report of the Census ' 

 of 1830, is 187,171 square miles, but this is considerably more than 

 iu previous statements of the area of what is sometimes called the 

 Indian Territory proper, and perhaps includes a portion of the 

 country since appropriated to Kansas Territory. The Indian inhabit- 

 ants are estimated at from 100,000 to 120,000, four-fifths of whom 

 have been transported from countries east of the Mississippi. 



In the southeastern part of the territory there is a range of hills 

 of moderate elevation ; the remainder is a plain, or at most hiis a 

 gently undulating surface. A considerable portion of the coimtry is 

 prairie ground, but along the rivers there is a good deal of timber. 

 The country is well supplied with water, having several good sized 

 rivers running through it or along its borders on their way to the 

 Missouri and the Mississippi. The Arkansas flows through the midst 

 in a south-eastern direction, and receives in its passage numerous 

 tributaries, some of considerable size. The chief of these tributaries 

 is the Canadian River, which also has numerous aflluents or ' forks.' 

 The Red River waters the southern, and the Kansas tho northern 

 portion of the state : both of these, as well as the Arkansas, are 

 navigable within the territory at certain seasons by steam-bo.its. The 

 country possesses capabilities for the prosperous maintenance of a 

 large population. The middle, and by far tho larger |)art of tho 

 countiy, appears to belong to the Lower Carboniferous series of rocks. 

 On the east are Upper Carboniferous strata, or coal-measures, a part of 

 the great coal-basin of Missouri and Illinois. Tho western and north- 

 western districts beloni; to the Cretaceous group of rock.i. On tho south 

 is a narrow belt of Lower .Siluriau rocks, consisting along the Red River 

 of blue limestone, with eruptive rocks. Coal is not the only mineral 

 obtained. Both lead and iron are found ; and there are saline springs, 

 from which a large quantity of salt might be mauufactured. The 

 climate is generally healthy. The northern parts are subject to keen 

 westerly winds from the Rocky Mountains, and the winters are rather 

 cold ; but in the southern ports the winters are mild, and all the plants 

 are cultivable which are raised in other parts of the United States of 

 the same latitude. The soil on the eastern side of the territory is gene- 

 rally fertile ; the northem parts are well adapted for grazing cattle. 

 Maize, wheat, and other grains produce good crops in almost every 

 place wheru they have been tried. 



As already said this large tract of country has been appropriated 

 for the permanent residence of the Indian tribes transported from the 

 settled parts of the United States. It need hardly be said that they 

 have not turned to full account the capabilities of the country. But 

 they have shown that they are capable of steady industrial eliorts, and 

 they have made very coii8ideraV>le .idvances in civilisation. Under the 

 guidance of missionaries, who have settled amongst them, and with 

 the sanction and assistance of the Commissioner of Indian Allairs, 

 some of the larger tribes have established regular governments, legis- 

 latures, judicial officers, churches, schools, newspapeivt, &c. ; have 

 introduced the manufacture of agricultural implements, cloth, and 

 most articles of ordinary farm and domestic use ; cultivate the land 

 with a considerable amount of skill ; rear horses and cattle ; build 

 houses ; and export to neighbouring states maize, cotton, hides, &o. 

 By the treaty of removal and settlement, the federal government 

 furnishes them with blacksmiths, wheelwrights, and some other 

 mechanics, and at their first settlement gave them a stock of cattle, 

 &c. Many of the tribes pos.sess slaves. 



The principal Indian tribes settled in the territory are the Cherokees, 

 who numbered according to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, about 

 17,600 in 1853, but whose numbers are usually estimated much higher ; 

 the Creeks, who numbered 25,000 ; the Choetiiws, 16,0C0; theOsages, 

 4941 ; the Chickasaws, 4709 ; the PottawatomiesandChippewas, 46S0 : 

 the Pawnees, 4500 ; the Seminoles, 3000 ; the Sacs and Foxes, 2373 ; tho 

 Shawnecsand Senecas, 1400 ; Delawares, 1130, c&c. The Cherokees 

 occupy a considerable tract lying on the north of the Arkansas River, 

 and adjoining the state of Arkansas, and aro the most civilised of all 

 the Indian tribes. [CuEnoKEEs.] The Choctaws occupy the most 

 southern part of the territory between the Red and Canadian rivers. 

 The Chickasaws occupy a jiart of the same country, and are governed 

 by the same laws. The country of the Choctaws is the most hilly 

 and broken in the Indian ten-itory, and is well watered by the above 

 mentioned rivers and their tributaries. The Choctaws are extensively 

 engaged in agriculture, raise large quantities of cotton and maize, and 

 have good stocks of hoi-ses, cattle, and sheep. On the streams are 

 numerous grist- and saw-mills, and cotton-gins. The houses and farms 

 are well built, and the grounds fenced; the mechanical occupations 

 are chiefly carried on by mechanics provided by tho United States 



