﻿INDIANA. 



INDRE. 



274 



manufactories consist of 2 iron-foundries ; 8 carriage and waggon 

 factories; 13 cooperages; 2 soap-works; several steam-, oil-, flour-, 

 and saw-mills ; breweries and distilleries ; and 4 large slaughter 

 houses and packing establishments, in which 59,000 hogs were killed, 

 salted, and packed in barrels in 1850. In the neighbourhood are rich 

 beds of iron and coal. Terre Haute is on the Wabash and Erie Canal, 

 and several of the most important railways of the state connect here. 

 Six weekly newspapers are published in the town. Vincenna, the 

 capital of Knox county, stands on the left bank of the Wabash, about 

 100 miles S.W. from Indianapolis: population, 2070. The town, 

 which is the oldest in the state, having been founded by the French 

 in 1702 as a trading port, and formed into a town with its present 

 name in 1749, is regularly laid out, the principal streets lying parallel 

 with the river, and others crossing them at right angles. The public 

 editices, which are of a somewhat superior character, are the county 

 buildings, a fine town-hall, a market-house, United States land office, 

 several churches, of which the Roman Catholic cathedral, a spacious 

 and well-built structure, is the most noteworthy, and several schools, 

 among others a Roman Catholic theological seminary, and 2 orphan 

 schools. The Wabash is navigable up to Vincennes by steamboats, 

 and the town has good railway accommodation. WaehiM/lon, the 

 capital of Davies county, on the left bank of the West Fork of the 

 Wiiite River, 90 miles S.W. from Indianapolis, population 2578, is a 

 place of local ioiportauce, containing, besides the county buildings, 

 five churches, and several schools. 



Govo'timentf Jmlicaturtj Ac. — The present constitution of the stat« 

 was (lassed in convention in February 1851, and having been ratifie<i 

 by the people a few months later, came into operation in November 

 1851. By it the right of votin:; appertains to every white male citizen 

 of the United States who shall have resided in the state for six 

 months ; and every white male of foreign birth, 21 years old, who 

 has resided in the United States one year, and in the Btate six months 

 next preceding an election, and who shall have duly declared his 

 intention to become a citizen of the United States. No coloured 

 person can vote. All elections by the people are by ballot. The 

 general assembly consists of a Senate of SO members, who are elected 

 for four years, half being elected every two yeara ; and of a House of 

 Representatives of 100 members, who are elected annually. The 

 representatives are apportioned according to a census of white males 

 taken every six years. The governor, who baa a qualified veto on the 

 acts of the legislature, is electe'l for three years, and has a salary of 

 1500 dollars. The total revenue of the state for the year ending 

 November Ist 1852, was 1,283,604 dollars; the expenditure for the 

 R.ime year was 1,061,605 dollars. The public debt of the state, 

 October 31»t 1852, was, according to the financial statement of the 

 state government — foreign debt, 6,712,880 dollars; domestic debt, 

 2175 dolUrs; total, 6,715,055 dollars: but Indiana though not a 

 repudiating, was a defaulting state, and this amount does not include 

 the eDtirc sum borrowed and not re[>aid. In 1847 the state owed 

 11,048,000 dollars principal of her foreign debt, and 3,326,640 dollars 

 interest, in all 14,374,640 dollars. In that year the legislature made 

 proposals to the bond holders that they should complete the Wabash 

 and Erie Canal and take the state's interest in it for half the sura 

 due ; and that the other half should be converted into new stock. It 

 is only upon the new stock, made under this arrangement, that the 

 state considers itself bound to pay either debt or interest. The 

 redemption, principal and interest, of the half thrown upon the 

 canal depends upon the receipts of the canal. Of the old bonds 

 about 982,000 dollars remained unsurrendered and outstanding at the 

 end of 1852. The assessed value of personal and real estate in 

 Indiana in 1850 was 152,870.399 dollars; but the estimated or true 

 v.ilue was placed at 202,650,264 dollars. No return of the state 

 militia has been made to the federal government since 1832 ; it then 

 consisted of 53,913 men, of whom 2861 were commissioned officers: 

 it now probably comprises nearly treble that number. 



The constitution prohibits slavery ; and it further enacts that no 

 coloured person shall come into, or settle in, the state ; that all con- 

 tracts made with such persons shall be void, and that all persons 

 employing them shall be punished by a fine of from 10 to 500 dollars, 

 and that the proceeds of such fines shall be appropriated for the 

 colonisation of those negroes and mulattoes and their descendants 

 who were in the state at the adoption of the constitution, and who 

 are willing to emigrate. 



The judicature consist* of a supreme court, circuit courts, and 

 courts of common pleas. The supreme court has appellate and 

 certain original jurisdiction : it is presided over by four judges who 

 have salaries of 1200 dollars each. There are eleven circuit courts, 

 with civil and criminal jurisdiction, each presided over by a judge, 

 with a salary of 1000 dollars, who is elected by the people of 

 the circuit for six years. The district courts of common pleas are 44 

 in number; each is presided over by a judge who is elected for four 

 years by the people of the district, and has a salary of from 300 to 

 800 dollars according to the number of inhabitants in the district ; 

 these courts have probate jurisdiction ; and, under restrictions, civil 

 jurisdiction where the amount in dispute does not exceed 100 dollars, 

 and criminal jurisdiction in cases of misdemeanors and felonies not 

 puninbable with death. 



Indiana has made liberal provision for the purposes of education. 

 o(oa. onr. tou uu 



The total sum available for school purposes amounted in 1852 to 

 2,278,588 dollars; but the funds set aside, but not yet available will, 

 with cei-tain fines and forfeitures appropriated to the same end, it is 

 estimated, amount to 5,000,000 dollars in 1857, when the chief amouut 

 will fall in. In 1850 there were 11 colleges in the state, having 61 

 teachers and 1069 pupils. The number of 'public schools' was 4822, 

 having 4860 teachers, and 161,500 pupils. The total number of 

 children in the state attending schools in that year, as returned by 

 families was 220,034, of whom 923 were free coloured children. The 

 number of adults in the state vmable to read and write was 72,710, 

 of whom 69,445 were natives and 3265 foreigners. The number of 

 free coloured persons unable to read and write was 2170. The princi- 

 pal colleges are the Indiana State University, at Bloomington, founded 

 in 1816, wliich has 5 professors, 32 students, and a library of 4200 

 volumes; Hanover College, at Hanover, founded in 1832, which has 

 6 tutors, 100 students, and a library of 5000 volumes ; Wabash 

 College, at Crawfordsville, founded ill 1834, which has 7 tutors, 43 

 students, and a library of 6400 volumes ; and Indiana Ashbury 

 (Methodist) University, Greeucastle, founded in 1837, which has 8 

 tutors, 120 pupils, and a library of 4000 volumes. There are stato 

 asylums at Indianapolis for the deaf and dumb, with 152 inmates iu 

 1852 ; the blind with 51 inmates; and the insane with 159 inmates. 



Of the members of religious sects in the state the Methodists are 

 by far the most numerous, and after them the Baptists. Iu 1850 the 

 Methodists hail 778 churches, with accommodation for 266,372 

 jiersons ; the Baptists hjul 428 churches, with accommodation for 

 138,783 persons ; the Presbyterians had 282 churches with accommo- 

 dation for 105,582 persons; the ' Christians ' hi«l 1S7 churches, with 

 accommodation for 65,341 persons; the Quakers ha'l 89 churches, 

 with accommodation for 44,915 persons ; the Roman Catholics had 

 63 churches, with accommodation for 25,115 persons ; the Lutherans 

 had 63 churches, with accommodation for 19,050 persmis; the 

 Episcopalians are returned !is having only 23 churches, with accom- 

 modation for 7300 persons ; and the Congregationalists as having 

 only 2 churches, with accommodation for 1400 persons, while 

 Moravians are much larger than the former, and Tunkers, Univeraalists, 

 and several other sects exceed the latter. Indiana constitutes a 

 diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and also the Roman 

 Catholic diocese of Vincennes. One hundred and seven periodicals, 

 of which 2 are religious, 21 literary and miscellaneous, and 84 political, 

 are published in the state : of these 95 are weekly publications ; and 

 the total annual circulation amounts to 4,316,828 copies. 



Indiana formed a part of the cession of Virginia to the United 

 States in 1787; and was included in the territory north-west of the 

 Ohio until 1801, when it was with Illinois erected into a distinct 

 territory. In 1809 it was placeil under a separate territorial govern- 

 ment; and in 1818 it was admitted into the Union as an iudepoudeut 

 sUte. 



(Fisher, Slalittical 0<aeUetr of the United Stala, 1853; Lippincott, 

 New Gautleer of l/ie United Stala, 1854 ; Ha.«kell and Smith, Com- 

 pttte Qazetteer of the United Statet ; Seventh Cetuus of the United 

 Statu, Official Report, 1853 ; D. Dale Owen, Geoloijical Survey of the 

 State of Indiana ; Marcou, Oeological Map of tlie United Statu, with 

 Explanatory Text; American Almanac, 1854, &c.) 



INDORE, [Hindustan.] 



INDRE, a department in the interior of Franco, is bounded N. by 

 the department of Loir-et-Cher, E. by that of Cher, S. by those of 

 Creuse and Haute-Vicnne, and W. by those of Vieiino and ludre-et- 

 Loire. It lies between 46° 21' and 47" 16' N. lat., 0' 53' and 2° 12' 

 E. long., and measures 64 miles in its greatest length, with a mean 

 breadth of 54 miles. The area is 2629 square miles. The population 

 in 1846 was 263,977, in 1851 it amounted to 271,938; which gives 

 103'41 to the square mile, being 71 17 below the average per square 

 mile for all France. The department is formed out of the western 

 portion of the old province of Berri, and is named from its chief xiver 

 the Indre. 



Surface, Soil, <tc, — The department is in general level ; the only 

 hills of any considerable size are the granitic swells on the southern 

 border, and the gentle slopes that diversify the valleys of the Creuse 

 and the Indre. The surface presents three marked and distinct 

 divisions. The first called Boui-Clumd comprises seven-tenths of ti.e 

 whole department, including the arrondissements of La-ChAtre, a 

 great portion of those of Chilteauroux and Le-Blauc, and a third of 

 that of Issoudun ; it is divided where arable into a great number of 

 small farms, and presents a very varied appearance, from the number 

 of its hedges, ditches, and woods. The second division, distinguished 

 by the name of Champagne, is a flat treeless country, without hedge 

 or inclosure of any kind, divided into large farms, aud comprising 

 two-thirds of the arrondissement of Issoudun and a part of that of 

 ChAteauroux. The third division, called La-JBrenne, comprises parts 

 of the arrondissements of Cbfiteauroux and Le-Blauc, and presents a 

 flat surface, covered in parts with shallow ponds, which rest on a 

 bottom of compact clay, aud which by their pestilential exhalations 

 are very injurious to health. The land varies greatly in quality from 

 light moss or barren sand to stiff clay, and from the vegetable mould 

 half covered with flints to the rich homogeneous soil called ' tiiTe do 

 Beauce,' which is considered the most productive, aud covers 194,790 

 acres. The flinty soils, amounting to 111,020 acres, arc best adapted 



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