﻿*n 



INDRB-KT-LOIRE. 



mrysBRUCfc 



the fine promsniide eslled Le-KtiL Tb* wide quays along the Loin, 

 which i» juiued to Uis Cher by k oaaal, are a gmt onumaot to Um 

 town ; th«y extend on each dda of the bridge, are planted with trees, 

 and backed by Urge buildiogi. The cathe^ml, oriKiually foanilvd by 

 St. Martin A.O. 347, destroyed by fire in fiOl, rebuilt on a grander 

 •oal* by Oregon of Tours, destroyed by fire a second time in the 

 retgn ot Loai* VII^ and again rebuilt, but so slowly that the works 

 were not completed till 1650, is dedicated to 8t Gratien, first bishop 

 of Tout*. The west frout presents an ornamented portal entrance, 

 surmounted by a magnificent roee window ; it is flankeil by two square 

 towers 3tfS feet in hei^iht and terminating in small domes. The cavalry 

 barracks are built on the site of the English Henry IL's castle, of 

 which only a single tower now remains. Two lofty towers in the Rue 

 St-Martin (one contaioiog a clock, and hence called Tour d'Horlot;e, 

 and the other called La Tour de Charlemagne, from the belief that 

 Cliarlemagne's queen was buried beneath it) are the only remains of 

 the grrat cathedral of 8L-Martiu<le-Tours. Among the other remark- 

 able objects in the town are the churches of St-CMment and De-ls- 

 Riclie ; the foimtain of Beaune, which standi in the market-place and 

 consists of an octagonal ba«iu filled with water, gushing in four 

 jets from a central pyramid adorned with sculptures and arabesques ; 

 the arohiepisoopal palace; the court-liouse ; the college buililiags; the 

 general hospital; and the residence of the prefect, which also contains 

 a public library of 40,000 volumes and several valuable manuscripts. 

 Tours has a tribunal of first instance, a tribunal and chamber of com- 

 merce, one communal and two ecclesiastical colleges, a botanic garden, 

 and several literary and scientific societies. A statue of Dexcartea 

 was erected in Tours in 1852. The chief manufactures are woollen- 

 cloth, silk Btufi°s, ribands, serge, carpets, small wares, wax caudles, 

 wooll>'n-yam, leather, Itc. ; the commerce is composed of these articles 

 and of com, wine, brandy, plums and dried fruit, hemp, wool, &c. 

 Tours luul, in the middle ages, one of the most important mints in 

 Krance, in which were coined the ' livres tournoises,' often named in 

 hintoi-y, and each worth a franc In one of the suburbs of Tours, 

 called Riohe (2000 inhabitants), stood the castle of Plessis-lea-Tours, 

 in which Louis XL died ; the keep is the only part of the edifice now 

 standing. 



Amoug the other towns of the arrondissement we notice the 

 followiug : the population in each case is tluit of the commune : — 

 A mboue stands 1 5 miles by railway £. from Tours, on the left bank 

 of the Loire, which is here crossed by a fine bridge erected in 1822 : 

 populatiou, 4600. The town stands iu a wine district, which from its 

 richness has been called ' the Qarden of France.' It has some manu- 

 facture* of steel and files. There is an ancient castle in Amboise 

 which was formerly the residence of several of the kings of Franco. 

 King Louis Philippe, whose property it wa.H, made great iuiproveuients 

 in it, and restored the chapel, which stands in the gardens, and is one 

 of the finest specimens of the florid gothic style of architecture iu 

 France. It was iu Amboise the civil wars on account of religion 

 broke out in the 16th century; and here also the epithet 'Huguenots' 

 was first applied to the Calrinista in 15dO. The castle of Amboise 

 was the residence of Abd-el-Kader during the greater part of his 

 captivity iu Krauce. Bleri, a busy little town of 3417 inhabitants, 

 stands on the left bank of the Cher, which is here crossed by a 

 bridge built by Henry II. of England. ChAteau4a-VaUiin, in the 

 oorth-weet of the department, has iron-forges and 1370 inhabitants. 

 ChdUau-Renault stands on the slope and at the foot of a hill iu a 

 pretty country on the Brenne, and has 2887 iuhabitants, who manu- 

 facture cloth, fisnnel, leather, and tiles : the town is named from itn 

 old castle built iu the year 981, and still standiug. Montbazon is a 

 small pUce on the right bauk of the Indre, with a population of only 

 1181, but important for the great powder-mills aud saltpetre-works 

 near it. Vouvrai/, which is situated 6 miles E. from Tours, on the 

 Loire, in a district famous for its white wine, has 2443 iuhabitauta. 



2. In the second arrondissement the chief town, C'Atnon, stands in 

 47° 10' '- N. lat., 0" 14' 27" E. long., on the Vienne, at the foot of a 

 hill, the summit of which is covered with the ruins of the ancient 

 fortrens of Chinon, in which Henry 1 1, died, and Joan of Arc had 

 her first interview with Charles VII. It is 28 miles S. W. from Tours, 

 and has a tribunal of first instance, a college, savings bank, and 6675 

 inhabitants, who manufacture serge, drugget, haircloth, earthenware, 

 ■altfietre, &c., and trade iu cattle, com, wine, brandy, plums, nut-oil, 

 honey, wax, &c. Chinon is an improving town ; the old ramparts are 

 DOW rephtced by quaya Azuy-tc-Rideau, prettily situated on the 

 Indre, about 6 miles above its junction with the Loire, is remarkable 

 for a fine structure called Ch&tcau d'Azay, built on an island in the 

 Indre: the commune has 2106 inhabitants. Bouryueil, situated iu a 

 very fertile district on the right bauk of the Doit, at a distance of 

 10 miles N. from Chinon, has a college aud 3493 inhabitants. Cinq- 

 Mart, on the left bauk of the Loire, 13 miles by railway W. from 

 Toun, is a small place of only 172S inhabitants. It deserves notice 

 on account of its ancient square tower, which is built of bricks, 

 perfectly solid, 90 feet high, 13 feet wide on each face, aud surmounted 

 at the angles by four pinuaclea, each 11 feet high ; a central piuunclo 

 was thrown down by a storm in 1671, The purpose and date of its 

 erection are unknown. LangeaU, 18 miles N.N.E. from Chinon, and 

 ■boat the same distance by railway from Tours, stands on the right 

 bank of the Loire, aud has 8138 inhabitants, who trade in agricultural 



prodnee and mannfaotara linen, tiles, and bricks. Th* oaitla in which 

 Charles VIIL espoused Anne of Urittany is still in tolerabU praserra- 

 tion, but has been converted into a stifle. SetiaU-Uaitn stands on 

 the right bank of th« Haose (a small feeder of the Vienne), 18 miles 

 K from Chinon, 22 miles 8. from Tours by the Bordeaux railroad, 

 and has 8602 inhabitants, who manufacture linen, printed calicoes, 

 and haircloth. The church of Sainte-Maure is one of the finest in 

 Touraine; it dates from the 12th century, and beneath it there is a 

 crypt still more ancient Rickcluu, a well-budt town, consisting of 

 several wide straight streets that terminate iu a handsome square in 

 the centre of the town, stands 12 miles 8. from Chinon on the Mable, 

 and has 2832 inhabitants, who manufacture beet-root sugar and 

 brandy, and have a considerable trade in wine, fruits, and other 

 agricultural produce. Cardinal Richelieu erected a residence here iu 

 1637, and the town was then built on a regular plau ; the cardinal's 

 palace is now a heap of ruiua 



3. In the thii\l arrondissement the chief town, Loclus, stands on 

 the left bank of the Indre, at a little distauce from Beaulieu, a suburb 

 of 2000 inhabitants, to which it is joined by several bridges thrown 

 across the arms of the river. The town is 25 miles 3. by E. from 

 Tours, in 47° 7' 31" N. Ut, 0° 69' 68" E. long. It is built round the 

 base of a hill, the summit of which is crowned by the remains of itit 

 ancient castle. The situation of Loches in the rich and beautiful 

 valley of the Indre, aud the historical aasociatioos connected with it, 

 renders it one of the most interesting towns iu Touraine. A greiit 

 part of the castle, in which several of the kiugs of France resided, 

 aud which also served as a state prison for illustrious poUtical 

 offenders, is now iu ruins, with the exception of the keep, which is 

 used OS a prison, and a more modern portion, iu which the sub-prefect 

 i-esides. Between the keep aud the residence of the sjb-pret'ect is the 

 church of St.-Uurs, which has a stone roof eurmounted by two lofty 

 pyramidal spires; the tomb of Agu6s Sorel, mistress of Charles VIL, 

 is in this church. At a short distance from the town, aud near the 

 forest of Loches, which supplies mast timber to the French navy, are 

 the ruins of the Carthusian couveut of Liget, founded by Henry IL 

 iu expiation of the murder of Thomas ii-Beckel. The town of Loches 

 presents narrow streets and ancient houses ; it has a tribunal of first 

 instance, a college, and 6040 iuhabitants, who mauufacture linen, 

 coarse cloth, woollen-yaru, aud paper. La-Uiiye-Detcartes, the birtli- 

 place of Descartes, is prettily situated on the ri^ht bank of the 

 Creuse, aud has 1459 inhabitants. Liyiieil, W. of Loches, stands on 

 the Estrigneuil, a feeder of the Creuse, and has 1929 inhabitants, 

 who grow great quantities of plums. Le-Gratui-Pituigay, on tho 

 right bauk of the Claise, with a population of 1876 ; and PrtuUly, 

 further south on the same bank of the Claise, which has irou-forges 

 aud 2264 iuhabitoutj, give name to cantous. 



The deportmout forms the see of the Archbishop of Tours, is 

 included iu the jurisdiction of the High Court of Url<5ans, and belongs 

 to the 18th Military Division, of which Tours is head-quoi-tera It 

 has 3 represeutatives iu the Legi;ilative liody of France. 



(Diclionnaii-e de la France; Richard, OiuiU Claxnque du Voyageur 

 en France; Statuliqtie Ut la France ; O^itU Fapcrt ; Annuaire pour 

 CAn 1853.) 

 INDUS. [Hindustan.] 

 INGATESruNK. [EasBX.] 



INQOLSTADT, a fortified town of Bavaria, is situated in 

 48- 46' 60 • N. lat, 11° 25' 31" E. long., on the left bank of the 

 Danube, 44 miles nearly due N. from Munich, aud has about 9000 

 inhabitants. It was furmerly the most important fortress in Bavaria, 

 and sustained several sieges: iu the year 1800 it withstood the 

 French under Moreau for thiv-o mouths, but was at last token aud the 

 fortifications were demolished. The fortifications have been recently 

 rebuilt on an improved plan, aud include ramparts strengthened by 

 several massive round towers and atetedu-pout The town is well 

 built, with long broad streets, situated in a fertile coimtry on the 

 Danube, over which th<'re is a stone bridge. It is a dull place, too 

 large for its population, and has very little trade. It has uiue churches 

 and two nunneries. The priucipal buililiugs are the up{)er parish 

 church of St Mary, which coutiiius sevei-al muuumeuts aud is sur- 

 mounted by two massive towers; the former Jesuits' college; aud the 

 former uuiversity buildinga The University of lugulstadt waa 

 founded in 1472, aud trausferred to Loudshut in 1800, and some 

 years afterwards to Muuich. 



INISUOWEN, Donegal, Ireland, a Poor-Law Union which com- 

 prises nearly the whole of the peninsula of luishowcn. [DuNEuaL.] 

 It is divided into 21 electoral districts comprising an area of 169,408 

 acres, aud a population iu 1851 of 39,084, 

 INISTIOUE. [KiLKBNSV.] 



INN. [Austhia; TrBOL.j 



INNISHANNON. [Cork.] 



INNSBUDCK, or Inmpruci, the capital of the Tyrol, is situated 

 on the lun, uear the point where tliat river is joined by tho Sill, in 

 47° 16' N. lat, 11° 234' E. long., 246 miles W. by 8. from Vienna, 

 and has 13,000 iuhabiumts. The town is built in a most beautiful 

 situation, in the middle of the valley of the Inn, which is hemmed 

 iu on both sides by mountains vuryiug from 6000 to 8000 feet high. 

 It takes its name of Innsbruck (Inn's Bridge) from the wuoileu bridge 

 which spans the river, and on and uear which the Tyrolese, under 



