﻿381 



INSTOW. 



INVERNESS-SHIRE. 



Hofer, after a fierce action, succeeded in repulsing the Fi-ench during 

 the war of independence. The town is in general well built ; many 

 of the houses are in the Italian style, the basement story consist- 

 ing of arcades, which are occupied as shops. The street of Neu- 

 stiult is the finest ; here are the Landhaus or Tyrolese parliament 

 house, the post-office, and, at its southern extremity, a triumphal 

 arch erected by the empress Maria Theresa. Among the public 

 buildings, the most interesting is the Franciscan church, which con- 

 talus the tomb of Maximilian I., the most splendid monument of the 

 kind in Europe, and the Silver Lady-Chapel. The 28 bronze statues 

 that form part of the plan of Maximilian's tomb, and represent some 

 of the worthies of Europe, including the most distinguished person- 

 ages of the house of Austria, were cast by Tyrolese artists ; the bas- 

 reliefs on the tomb, and in the lady-chapel, which are masterpieces of 

 art, are the work of Collin of Mechlin. On the left of the entrance 

 to this church is the grave of Hofer, which is surmounted by a 

 statue of the hero in Tyrolese white marble. The other remarkable 

 buildings are — the palace built for Maria Theresa in 1770, iu the 

 court-yard of which is an equestrian statue of Leopold V. ; the uni- 

 versity, in which is the Museum Ferdinandeum, rich in Tyrolese 

 minerals, fossils, aud works of art ; the Capuchin church, in which is 

 the penitential cell of Maximilian II. ; the richly decorated church of 

 St. James (Jacob's Kirche) ; the old palace of the counts of Tyrol ; 

 and the Fiirstenburg, in which is the famous Goldene Dach, a sort of 

 oriel window, covered with a roof of gilt copper, which projects in 

 front of the building. The University of Innsbruck has faculties of 

 law, medicine, and philosophy; the number of prol'essors in 1850 

 was 24, of students 387. There is also an academy or gymnasium 

 in the town, which had 17 professors, and 488 pupils in 1850. The 

 public cemetery contaijiB some flue monuments. The Schiesstadt, 

 where the Tyrolese practise rifle-shooting, is iu a very pretty situa- 

 tion on the left bank uf the Inn, on a slope of the Berg-Isel, and is 

 well worth visiting. The market-place uf Innsbruck presents a very 

 interesting appearance, from the great variety of picturesque costumes 

 worn by the inhabitants of the different valleys, who frequent it. 

 Eilwiigen (tr.ivelling-vans) run daily to Salzburg, V'ienno, and Miiuich, 

 and two ur three times a week to Italy, by the roa<la over the lirenner 

 and the Stelvio. Electro-telegraphic wires are laid down to Vienna. 

 The chief manufactures of the town are silks, gloves, calico, ribands, 

 glass, and wood and horn carved work ; there is also an important 

 transit trade. The neighbourhood abounds with beautiful scenery 

 and charming promenades. Innsbruck is the seat of the supreme 

 court of justice fur the whole of the TyroL 



INSTOW. [Uevcsshibk.] 



INTERAMNA. [Abkuzzo.] 



INTERLAKEN, or INTERLACHEN. [Bebn.] 



INTROUACQUA. [Abbuzzo.] 



INVERARY, Argyloshire, Scotland, a royal burgh and port, and 

 the chief town of the county, in the parish of Inverary, is situated 

 at the head of Loch Fyne, in 5(1" 15' N. lat., 5° 4' W. long., 60 miles 

 N.W. from Glasgow. The population iu 1851 was 11(14. It is 

 governed by a provoat, two bailies, and 1 3 councillors, aud conjointly 

 with Ayr, Campbeltown, Irvine, aud Oban returns one member to 

 the Imperial Parliament. Inverary was made a royal burgh by 

 Charles I. The town consists chiefly of a main street built along the 

 shore uf Loch Fyne. Near the church is an obelisk erected to the 

 memory of 17 gentlemen of the name of Campbell, executed here 

 without trial, iu 1(>85, for their opposition to the measures uf James 

 II. The preseut town ouly dates from the middle of the last century. 

 The bouses are well built ; the town is lighted with gas. There is a 

 small and convenient pier. The iubabitauts are principally engaged 

 in the herring-fishery. The herring are either cured, or seut to Ulas- 

 gow by the daily steam-vessel to the Clyde. In addition to the 

 parish church, which has services both in English aud in Gaelic, there 

 are places of woi-sliip fur the Free Church aud United Presbyterians. 

 There is a burgh school. 



Inverary Castle, the principal seat of the Duke of Argyll, is a 

 quadrangular building, with a tower at each comer, and a hi^h ghuscd 

 pavilion rieiiig from the centre of the roof. 



INVERUERVIK. [Bebvie.] 



INVERESK. [Edinbukohshire.] 



INVEltKElTHlNG. [F»e.suiue.] 



INVERNESS, Invemess-nhire, Scotland, a royal and parliamentary 

 burgh, 8ea-port, aud market-tuwu, the capital of the couuty, and the 

 priuci|>al town of the Highlands, is situated at the southern extremity 

 of the Moray Frith, on both sides of the River Ness, about half a 

 mile,above its fall into the Frith, and near the northern entrance of 

 the C'aledouiau Canal, 155 miles N.W. by N. from Edinburgh, iu 

 67° 28' N. lat, 4° 12' W. long. The population of the municipal 

 burgh in 1851 was 9969, that of the parliamentary burgh was 12,793. 

 The town is governed by a provost, bailies, and 21 councillors. It 

 unites with Forres, Fortrose, aud Nairn in returning one member to 

 the Imperial Parliament. 



The town is large and well bnilt ; the houses are lofty, and many 

 of them elegant. The streets are pave<l, liglited with gas, and well 

 supplied with water. The approach to the town is by a Imndsonie 

 bridge over the river Ne«. The public buildiugs include the places 

 of worship; the court-bouse and tolbootb; and the academy, a 



fine building, which comprises a large public hall, with spacious 

 apartments for classes, a library, and philosophical apparatus. This 

 institution, which is called the Royal Academy, was iuoorporated iu 

 1792 ; it is now in possession of upwards of 40,000i., left by Captain 

 Mackintosh and others for educational purposes, the interest acoruiu" 

 being applicable to these purposes. The number of scholars in 1853 

 was 16(3. The course of instruction includes ancient and modern 

 languages, mathematics, and natural philosophy. The Raining 

 school was founded in 1747 by Mr. John Raining of Norwich. Dr. 

 Bell, the author of the ' Madras System,' left the magistrates of 

 Inverness lO.OOOi for the purposes of education. There are 12 places 

 of worship within the burgh, of which 3 belong to the Establishment, 

 3 to the Free Church, 2 to United Presbyterians, aud 1 each to 

 Episcopalians, ludepeudeut^, Wesleyan Methodists, and Roman 

 Catholics. In the towu are a public news-room, a mechanics institu- 

 tion, a eaviu;,'8 bank, and several charitable and friendly societies. 

 There are three harbours, of which the lowest, nearest the Frith, is 

 capable of accomodating vessels of 250 tons burden. 



The number and tonnage of vessels registered at the port of Inver- 

 ness on December Slat 1853 were as follows : — Under 50 tons, 1C9, 

 tonnage 4195 ; above 50 tons, 79, tonnage 6536 : with 2 steam-vessels 

 of 535 tons aggregate burden. 'The vessels entered coastwise during 

 1853 were:— Sailing-vessels, inwards, 972, tonnage 68,126; ontwards 

 906, tonnage 44,898: steam-vessels, inwards, 180, tonnage 42,677; 

 outwards, 177, tonnage 42,217. In the colonial and foreign trade 

 there entered 12 vfasels of 1901 tons, and cleared 27 vessels of 2221 

 tuns. Tanning, a hemp manufactory, a woollen manufactory, and 

 salmon fishing, aSbrd occupation to the inhabitants. Au extensive 

 fair is held in July for sheep and wool Wheat and oats, wood, wool, 

 and hemjicloth are exported ; timber, tar, coal, and hemp are imported. 

 The towu has steam communication indirectly with the east coast of 

 Scotland, and with Glasgow and the south directly by the canal. Not 

 for from the town is a curious wooded hill, on the top of which is a 

 vitrified furt. Other remains of early times, as cairns and tumuli, 

 and of a later period iu the shape of ruined fortalices exist iu the 

 neighbourhood. 



The burgh dates from the time of William the Lion. It was the 

 scene of a parliament held by James L It was visited and its castle 

 besieged by Queeu Mary. The town was held by Cromwell : in 1745 

 it was occupied successively by Charles Edward and the Duke of 

 Cumberland. CuUoden .Moor, the scene of the battle of CuUoden, is 

 within five miles of the town of Inverness. 



INVERNESS-SHIRE, a maritime county in the west of Scotland, 

 bounded N. by Ross-uhire, E. by the counties of Naiiu, Elgin, Baufl', 

 and Abeideeu ; S. by Perthshire and Argyleshire ; and W. by the 

 Atlantic Ocean. It comprehends a considerable number of the 

 Hebrides, including the Isles of Skye, Harris, Benbecula, North and 

 South Uist, liarra, Eigg, &c. The mainland portion lies between 

 66° 40' and 57° 36' N. lat., 3° 50' and 5° 50' W. long. Inverness-shire 

 is one of the largest of the Scottish counties ; it extends from north- 

 east to south-west 85 miles, and from north-west to south-east 55 

 miles. Its area is 2,723,601 acres, of which upwards of 500,000 acres 

 ore iu cultivation. The population in ls51 was 96,500. The couuty 

 returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. 



Surface, Jlydrotjraphy, and CommanicalUnu.—The mainland of 

 Inverness-shire, which is extremely mountainous, is iutersccted by 

 numerous lakes aud rivers, aud is divided into two nearly equal parts 

 by the deep valley of Glenmore, which runs in a direction from Fort 

 William on the south-west to the towu of Inverness on the north-east. 

 This district forms a large part of the Highlands of Scotland, and a 

 general description of its geogra|>hical features will be found in the 

 article Obeat Britain. The greater part of the surface is covered 

 with heath, but a good deal of the beatliy ground is arable. Much 

 of it has been brought into cultivutiuu during the preseut century. 

 The fertile and lunble portions of the soil are generally in the glens 

 and valleys, watered by the numerous streams of the county. 



The fir woods in Glenmore and those of Strathspey iu the adjoin- 

 ing county of Elgin are very extensive. Glen Morrison, which opens 

 into Glenmore, and the parish of Kilmalie, coutain a great luauy 

 extensive plantations. The trees which grow naturally are the oak, 

 fir, birch, ash, mountain ash, holly, elm, hazel, and Scotch poplur. 

 Those which are planted are the larch, spruce, silver fir, beech, plaue. 

 and fruit-trees. In these forests red- aud roe-deer, the alpine aud 

 common hare, and other game are abundant. 



The Glenmore, or Great Ulen of Albion, as it is sometimes called, 

 is traversed by the Caledonian Canal. The western coast of the 

 mainland is indented by three small arms of the sea. Lochs Houru, 

 Nevis, and Mirrer, which are opposite the island of Skye, aud by 

 Loch Moidart. Loch Shiel, which has an outlet by a small river into 

 Loch Moidart, Loch Eil at Fort William, Loch Lcven, which falls iuto 

 the Liunhe Loch, and Loch Ericht, which is partly iu Perthshire, are 

 all on the southern boundary of the county. Loch Laggau aud Loch 

 Treig in the south of the county form from their overflow the river 

 Spean, which falls into Loch Lochie. Several small lochs and streams 

 in the western district form numerous contributions to the rivers 

 Spey and Findhom [Elqinshibk], which truverao a considerable 

 portion of the mountainous country north of tlie Grampians. The 

 northern portion of the mainland is watered by the river Gloss, and 



