﻿Ml 



KARLOVESCZ. 



KEMPTEN^. 



362 



Its citizens were great traders and powerful by sea. They oariied on 

 long wars against the Lydian kings. It was subjected to the Persians 

 by Cyrus the Great, and notwithstanding internal dissensions con- 

 tinued prosperous until the Ionian revolt, instigated by its tyi'ant 

 Aristagoras ; this event brought down upon it the vengeance of the 

 Persians, who utterly destroyed it B.c. 494. It was rebuilt, and made 

 a long resistance to the army of Alexander ; but it never recovered 

 its former importance, although it was a prosperous place under the 

 Romans. Its site is marked by the modem village of PaUatlia, where 

 are seen the remains of an enormous theatre, an aqueduct, and a 

 Christian church formed out of a Greek temple. South-east of 

 Miletus, in the interior near the brackish lake of Baffi, which is pro- 

 bably part of the ancient Latmicus sinus, was Heracleia at the western 

 foot of Mount Latmus, where aorae ruins mark the spot. Near it was 

 shown the cave of Endymion. To the north end of this lake, near the 

 Mteander, was ilyus ; and on the east side of Mount Latmus lay A /iiyzon, 

 ruins of the citadel and walls of which remain. 



(Pococke; Leake, Atia Minor; Sir C. Fellowes, Atta Minor; 

 Hamilton, Reteaixlut in Atia Minor ; Dictionary of Greek and Roman 

 Geography.) 



KAHLOVESCZ. [Croatia.] 



KARS, a town in Turkish Armenia, is situated in a high rugged 

 plain, between 6000 and 7000 feet above the level of the sea, on the 

 Arpa a feeder of the Arases, about 100 miles straight line distance 

 N.E. from Erz-nim, N.W. from Bayazid, and S.E. from Batoum on 

 the Black Sea, in 40° 27' N. lat, 43° E. long., and has about 12,000 

 inhabitants. It stands in a rocky amphitheatre of black basaltic 

 hills, and has a dark dismal look, from the total absence of trees, and 

 from the circumstance that all the houses are built of black basalt. 

 It contains about 300 houses, 20 mosques, and 4 baths. Part of 

 the town is walled and has a citadel built by Amurath III. : but 

 it is untenable against artillery, being commanded by heights within 

 musket range on the opposite side of a deep narrow ravine tra- 

 versed by the Arpa. The two portions of the town are united by 

 two stone bridges thrown across the river which encircles the 

 walled portion of the town on three sides. Kars was formerly a 

 lai^ge town with from 6000 to 8000 houses, but a great part of the 

 Turkish population abandoned it during the Russian occupation in 

 1828-9, and on the retreat of the Russian army all the Armenians 

 emigrated to the neighbouring provinces of Russia; so that from 

 Russian violence and the desertion of its inhabitants it fell into a 

 state of ruin and decay from which it has not yet recovered. The 

 Armenian convents and churehes are mostly in ruins. 



The pashalic of Kars includes the most northern part of Turkey in 

 Asia, extending from the Araxes and Suvanli-Uagh to the Choruk- 

 su, the Black Sea, and the Russian frontier. It is a rugged country 

 of lofty mountains and high plains, drained by the Araxes, the Kur, 

 and the Choruk-su. 



The country is described in the article Abmksia (vol. i. cols 507, 

 608,609). The town of Kara is about 45 miles W.S.W. from the 

 Russian town and fortress of Oumri, or AlezandropoL 



KARUN. rBAGHDAO, Pashalic ot] 



KASAN. [Cabas.] 



KASCHAU. [HuNOART.] 



KASKASIA. [iLLisow.] 



KAT-MANUU. [Nepacl.] 



KEADY. [Armagh.] 



KEQWORTH. [Leicestershire.] 



KEIOHLEY, West Riding of Yorkshire, a market-town and the 

 seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Keighley, is situated in 

 63° 52' N. lat, 1° 56' W. long., dUtant 44 miles W. by S. from York, 

 206 miles N.W. by N. from London by road, and 204 miles by the 

 Great Northern and Midland railways. The population of the town 

 of Keighley in 1861 was 13,060. The living is a rectory in the arch- 

 deaconry of Craven and diocese of Ripon. Keighley Poor-Law Union 

 contains 6 parishes, with an area of 35,534 acres, and a population in 

 1851 of 43,241. 



Keighley is situated in a deep valley, at the junction of two small 

 streams; the united stream falls into the river Aire about three- 

 quarters of a mile to the north-east. The parish church, which was 

 rebuilt in 1847, is a spacious structure. There are places of worship 

 for Independents, Wesleyan, Primitive, and New Connexion Methodists, 

 Baptists, Swedeuborgians, and Quaker.*. The Free Grammar school, 

 which has an income from endowment of 240^. per annum, had 

 60 pupils in 1853. Quarterly payments are received from all the 

 puf)ils. The mechanics institute had 309 members in 1851, with 

 2127 volumes in the library. There are National schools and a 

 * savings bank. The worsted and cotton manufactures aiford occupa- 

 tiou to many of the inhabitants. There are paper-mills and iron- 

 foundries. Wednesday is the market day ; fairs are held on May 8th 

 and 9th, and on the 7th, 8th, and 9th of November. 



KEITH, Banffshire, Scotland, a market-town in the parish of Keith, 

 is situated in 55° 33' N. lat, 2° 69' W. long., on the banks of the 

 small stream called the Islo, about 20 miles S.W. from Bans', 178 

 miles N. by E. from Bdinbuigh. The population of the town of 

 Keith in 1851 was 2101. 



The town comprises three distinct villages, called Old Keith, New 

 Keith, and Fife Keith, Old Keith is a very ancient village, and at 



one time was a regality. It is now a mere hamlet. New Keith dates 

 from the middle of last century. It consists of five principal streets, 

 intersected by several smalier ones, with a square or market-place iu 

 the centre of the town. It contains the parish church, a court-house, 

 an Episcopal and a Roman Catholic chapel, besides chapels for 

 congregations of the Free Church and United Presbyterian bodies. 

 There are a library and a savings bank. A grain-market is held 

 weekly ; and several cattle-fairs are held annually, the most important 

 of which is ' Summer-Eve Fair.' Fife Keith, a modem village, on 

 the bank of the Isla, opposite Old Keith, with which it is connected 

 by t.vo bridges, consists of several well-built streets. Many of the 

 inhabitants of Keith are employed in the manufacture of woollens, 

 flax-dressing, weaving, bleaching, and the manufacture of tobacco. 



KELAT. [Beloochistan.] 



KELLS, county of Meath, Ireland, a post, market and corporate 

 town, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, is situated on the right bank 

 of the Blackwater, in 53° 43' N. lat, 6° 50' W. long., distent 31 miles 

 N.W. from DubUii, on the mail-coach road and railway from Dublin to 

 Enniskillen. In 1851 the population was 3997, bosides 1224 in the 

 workhouse and 15 in the prison. The corporation of the borough 

 consists of a sovereign, two provosts, and 24 burgesses ; it has no 

 jurisdiction. Kells Poor-Law Union contains 25 electoral divisions, 

 with an area of 108,982 acres, and a population in 1851 of 31,326. 



The entrance to Kells from the Dublin road, through the rich 

 well-wooded demesne of the Marqiiis of Headfort, is very imposing. 

 The four principal streets are substantially but irregularly built, and 

 have wide roadways lined with trees. The old church and ancient 

 round tower, a handsome Roman Catholic chapel, and the sessions- 

 house encircled by trees, give interest to the place. New roads have 

 been formed in the environs ; large schools have been endowed by 

 Miss Dempsey, and there are a Fever hospital and the Union work- 

 house. The town has a considerable retail trade, a good market for 

 agricultural produce, a lace factory, a bridewell, and a savings bank. 

 Six yearly fairs are held, aud there is a weekly market on Saturday. 

 Headfort House, the residence of the Marquis of Headfort, is a plain 

 but substantial aud very large edifice. The grounds are adorned by 

 the Blackwater, which forms an artificial le^e in the centre of the 

 park. On the Hill of Lloyd, a gently swelling hill 422 feet in height, 

 to the north-west of the town, is a pillar above 100 feet high, erected 

 by the first earl of Bective, from the lantern at the top of which a 

 fine view of the country round Kells is obtained. 



Kflls is a place of considerable antiquity : it was originally called 

 Kenlit. A monastery was founded here in a.d. 550, by St. Columbkill, 

 whose stone-roofed cell or chapel is still shown near the richly- 

 decorated ancient cross which stands in the churchyard. The town 

 gave title to a bishop, whose see was united to that of Meath in the 

 13th century. During the 12th century Kells was frequently plun- 

 dered by the Danes. As a borough Kells has several charters, the 

 oldest of which dates from 11-12 Richard II. It returned two 

 members to the Irish Parliament previous to the Union. The staff of 

 the county militia is stationed at Kells, where also quarter and petty 

 sessions are held. 



KELSO, Roxburghshire, Scotland, a burgh of barony and market- 

 town in the parish of Kelso, is beautifully situated on the margin of 

 the river Tweed, not far from where the Teviot falls into that stream, 

 in 55° 36' N. lat, 2° 26' W. long., distant 52 miles S.E. from Edin- 

 burgh, 22 miles S.W. from Berwick-upon-Tweed, and within 5 miles 

 of the English border. The population of the town in 1851 was 4783. 



In a central square or market-place is situated the town-house. 

 From this square the several streets diverge to the different quarters 

 of the town. Bridge-street is a handsome street : the bridge built by 

 Reunie is a very fine erection; it formed the model from which Rennie 

 afterwards designed Waterloo Bridge, over the Thames at London. 

 The streeU are clean and lighted with gas. Many of the houses are 

 eU'g.int buildings. There are, besides the parish church, two chapels 

 for United Presbyterians, and one each for Episcopalians, Independents, 

 and Reformed Presbyterians. The chief employment in the town is 

 the currying of leather : woollens, linens, and flannels are manu- 

 factured. The weekly corn-market is well attended. Several 

 important cittle-fairs are held in the course of the year. 



In the neighbomhood of Kelso is Flours Castle, the residence of 

 the Duke of Roxburgh. At a short distance are the ruins of Roxburgh 

 Castle. The most interesting object here is Kelso Abbey, which is in 

 the early Norman style ; it was built at the same time as the abbey 

 of Melrose. The ruins, consisting of a part of the choir and transepto 

 and of the centre tower, are close to the town. The abbey was 

 founded by David I. when earl of Huntingdon, and richly endowed 

 by him and his successoi's. The abbey was severely injured in 1522, 

 and reduced to ruins by the English in 1545. Owing to its situation, 

 Kelso has been the scene of many events of national interest 



KELVEDON. [Essex.] 



KKMPSTON. [Bedpormhirb.] 



KEMPTEN (the ancient C'amjiodunum), a town of Bavaria, in the 

 old duchy of Suabia, is situated on the lUer, in 47° 44' 40 " N. lat., 

 10° 18' 45 " E. long., and has about 8000 inhabitants. It is an old- 

 fashioned town, consisting of two parta — the Stifte-Stadt, or St.- 

 Hildegard, which is situated on a hill, and is an open town ; and the 

 ancient free imperial city, which is iu the valley. Xt has a castle, two 



