﻿KEKT0CKT. 



KENTUCKY. 



SH 



«oUt|ta^ MTMral nbooli^ a dty-iuUI, uid muket-houM. There an ia 

 Um town aereral tobaooo faotoriea, rope-walk*, rolling-mill*, to. 

 CoTiogtoo is oonneetad with Cinoinnat! by a steam-ferry ; and with 

 moat paria of the itate b^ railway*. Two weekly newipapen are 

 publiaaad here. Newport bea on the right bank of the Licking directly 

 oppoaitato CoTington; and about -I inilcii iuland are the Latonian 

 Spring a watering-place mncb resorted to during the summer. 

 Ot mi UU, the capital of Boyle county, stand* on a little tributary of 

 Dick's River, and on the NashTille and Lexington railway, 40 miles 

 8. by E. from Frankfort : population about 1600. It is a plaoe of 

 gronriug trade, and contain* the Centre college, the Kentucky deaf and 

 dumb asylum (which contains about 60 inmates), churches, schools, 

 and the nioal county buildings. Oeorgdown, the capital of Scott 

 county, OD the north fork of the Elkhom Rirer, 18 miles E. by N. 

 from Frankfort, population about 1800, contains beaidea the usual 

 county buildiuga, churches and schools, Georgetown Baptist college ; 

 and supports a weekly newspaper and a monthly magazine. Hamdt- 

 hwrg, the capital of Hercer county, on the right bank of the Salt 

 River, 29 miles S. from Frankfort, population 1481, contains the usual 

 couuty buililiiigK, four churches, and several schools. Bacon college, 

 having 5 tutors, and 75 students, is situated here. In the vicinity is 

 a mineral spring much resorted to by invalids. Jlenderton, the 

 capital of the couuty of the same name, stands on the left buik of 

 the Ohio, 150 milea W. by 8. from Frankfort : population, 1775. It 

 is a place of a good deal of trade, being the shipping port of a con- 

 siilerable tract of country, and having a large supply of coal and iron 

 iu its vicinity. It conbuus also six large tobacco-factories. Besides 

 tha court-house and other county buildings, it has 7 churches and 5 

 ■ohools; and supports two weekly newspapers. IlopkimvilU, the 

 eipital of Christian couuty, stands on Little River, 170 milea S.W. 

 from Frankfort, population about 1800 ; contains a court-house and 

 other county buildings, 7 ohurohes, 3 or 4 schools ; and is a place of 

 a good deal of trade. Two weekly newspapers are published here. 

 Lerington, the capital of Fayetto county, and formerly the capital of 

 the state, stands on a branch of the Elkhom, 25 miles E.S.E. from 

 Frankfort : its population in 1840 was 6997 ; in the Census Report uf 

 1850 the population of Lexington is not given, but it was probably 

 about 8000. The city ia the oldest in the state; it is regularly laid 

 out, forming a square, the sides of which are two miles long, 

 with wide streets intersecting each other at right angles, and 

 in-iny of them bordered by rows of fine trees. It contains several 

 good public buildings, churches, schools, and benevolent institu- 

 Uona. Transylvania University, the oldeat college in the state, 

 is situated here, and also the state lunatic asylum. There are 

 considerable manufactories, extensive tobacco warehouses, and 

 (tores ; and the town carries on a large trade with the interior. 

 Several railways, some a* yet however only in conrse of construction, 

 meet in Lexington, and goo<l turnpike roads diverge in all directions. 

 Ashland, the residence of the late eminent American statesman Henry 

 Clay, i* about a mile and a half from Lexington, and numerous other 

 mansion* are in its vicinity. Two newspapers are published twice a 

 week, and one daily. MaytvUU, stands on a high bank at the 

 junction of the Limestone Creek with the Ohio, 73 miles N.K. from 

 Frankfort: the population in 1850 was 4256, but is said to have 

 since increased very largely, in consequence of the construction of the 

 railways which have opened to it a ready communication with the 

 interior. Maysville ha* a good harbour, ia the port of a busy district, 

 and has eztendva iron-foundries, cotton-factories, rope-walki, bn^ging- 

 fkctories, several *aw- and flour-mills, pork-packing establishmenta, 

 lumbar-yards, extenaive wholeaale grocery and other atorea, &c. The 

 town is regularly laid out, and well built The principal buildings 

 are the city-hall, several churohes and schools, a hospital, bank, &a 

 Two newspapers with weekly, and two with tri-weekly issues are 

 published here. Newport, the capital of Campbell county, on the 

 right bank of the Licking River at ita contlueuce with the Ohio, 

 immediately opposite to Covington : population, 589S. The town is 

 built on very elevated ground, and command* a fine view of Cincin- 

 nati on the opposite side of the Ohio, with which city there is 

 communication by a steam ferry. Besides the usual county buildings, 

 churches, and school*, there are no buildings of any conaequence. In 

 (he town are several factories. A garrison of the United States army 

 ia maintained here. A newspaper is published daily. Paducah, the 

 capital of M'Cracken county, on the luft bank of the Ohio near the 

 ocoflnence of the Tennessee, 214 miles W.S.W. from Frankfort, popu- 

 lation, 2428, is the port of the valley of the Tennessee, and has a con- 

 iideni>le shipping trade. The only public buildings are thoae of the 

 eonnty, with aeveral churebes and school*. A weekly newapaper is 

 poblidiad here. 



Oortmmenl, Judicature, Ae. — The first state constitution was 

 framed in 1790 and ameuded in 1799. The present constitution of 

 Kentucky was adopted in 1850. By it the right of voting in all state 

 •laotioD* ia vested in evenr white male citiaen 21 year* of age, who 

 ba* resided two year* in the state, and one year in the place for which 

 be propose* to vote. All votes are given openly. The legislative 

 body, (tyled the general aaaembly, con*iata of a Senate of 38 member* 

 elaotod for 4 year*, one half being elected biennally, and a Hooaa of 

 Ueptetentative* of 1 00 memban elected for two yean. For e(t«bli^ing 

 the npnaentative diatricta a oensua is taken every eighth year. 



Teachen of religion, and person* holding any olRoe of profit under 

 the atate or the United State* an ineligible a* members of the gnieral 

 aaaembly. The governor i* elected for four years, but is incapable of 

 re-election for a consecutive term ; he has a salary of 2500 dollan. 



Among the special proviaion* of the oon*titution are the following:— 

 The legislature cannot grant divorces ; or change of names; or aalas 

 of eatatea of persons under legal diaabiliUe* ; or change the venue in 

 any criminal or penal prosecution by special legislation, but shall by 

 general laws confer such powers upon the court*. With respect to 

 slavery, it is enacted that no laws shall ba passed for the cmnnoipation 

 of slaves without the consent of their owner*, or without paying their 

 ownera a full equivalent, and providing for their removal from the 

 state. Ownen may emancipate their slaves, saving the righta of 

 creditor*. Immigranta may bring their alaves with them into the 

 state ; but slaves an not allowed to be introduced as merchandise^ 

 nor under any ciraumstances slaves imported into the Union since 

 January 1st, 1789. Where slaves are treated inhumanly by their 

 masters, they are to be taken from them and sold. Slaves are not 

 to have the right of an inquest by the grand jury ; but are not to ba 

 <lepi-iveJ of au impartial trial by petit jury. Free negroes or mulattoei 

 comiug into or refusing to leave the state, are to be deemed guilty of 

 felony. The constitution cannot be altered or amended except after 

 such amcndmenta having been twice carried in successive session* 

 by majorities of the legislature, imd each time thereupon submitted 

 to the |K9ople and approved by them, and then in the third session 

 passed by a majority of a convention of representatives specially 

 elected for the purpose. 



The public debt of the state on the 1st of January 1SS2 amounted 

 to 6,726,307 dollars. The entire revenue for the year ending October 

 10th 1852 was 783,885 dollars, the expenditure for the same time 

 was 724,694 dollars. The total value of taxable property in the state 

 was returned at 333,131,512 dollars. The rate of taxation is 17 cente 

 for every 1 00 dollars worth of property; of this 10 centa ia appro- 

 priated to ordinary ]iuriK>8e8, 5 cente to the sinking fund for the 

 payment of the principal and interest of the state debt, and 2 cent* 

 to the school funiL Beside* the ordinary item* taxed a* property, 

 land, houses, stores, slaves, horses and cattle, there are certain raUier 

 unusual articles placed under the head of specific taxation, namely, 

 3705 carriages and barouches at I dollar each; 1413 buggies at 60 

 ceuta ; 1982 pianos at 1 dollar; 394 gold spectacles at 50 centa; 7808 

 gold watohes at 1 dollar ; and 853 silver lever watehcs at SO cents. 

 The total number of white male citizens over 21 year* of age who pay 

 a poll tax of one dollar each fur coimty purposes is 163,005, The 

 state militia in 1852 was composed of 88,97U men, of whom 4870 wen 

 commissioned officers. 



The judicature consista of a court of appeal, circuit, and county 

 courta The court of appeal ia presided over by a chief justice and 

 three judges, who are elected by the people for a term of eight yean, 

 one being chosen every second year, and the senior being chief justice; 

 each of the judges ha* a salary of 1500 dollars. There ia a separate 

 court of chancery at Louiaville, the chancellor presiding over which 

 has a salary of 1500 dollars. There an 12 circuit courts, each pre- 

 sided over by a judge who has a aalary of 1400 dollars, and is elected 

 by the people for six year*. The judges of the county oourto and 

 justices of the peace are elected for four years. 



The provision made by the state for educational purposes consists 

 of a school fund, which in December 1852 amounted to 1,400,270 

 dollars, and an annual tax on property producing about 65,000 dollars. 

 A superintendent of public instruction, elected by the people for four 

 years, has the supervision of the common schoola According to hi* 

 Report for 1852 there were in that year 194,963 children on the books 

 of the state schools, and the average number attending school was 

 69,825. The number of children iu the state between the ages of 

 5 and 16 was 215,195. The principal colleges in the state are the 

 following : — The TrauRylvania University at Lexington, founded iu 

 1798, which has 7 instructors, 60 student*, and a library of 14,000 

 volumes ; connected with it are law and medical schools, the latter 

 of which has 7 professors and 214 studenta The Louisville University 

 at Louisville, founded in 1837, is chiefly celebrated for ita law and 

 medical schools, the latter of which ha* 7 profeasors and 376 students. 

 St Joseph's Roman Catholic coII>-go at Bardstown has 17 instructors, 

 80 students, and a library of 6000 volumes. The Centre college at 

 Danville, founded in 1820, has 7 instructors, 189 students, and a 

 library of 6000 volumea Augusta Methodist college, founded in 

 1825, has 4 instructors, 64 studenta, and a library of 2500 volumes. 

 Bacon college at Harrodsburg, founded in 1 836, has 6 instructors, 75 

 studenta, and a library of 1200 volumes. Georgetown Baptist college, 

 founded in 1840, lias 7 instructors, 83 students, and a library of 6600 

 volumes. The Western Baptist theological institution at Covington, 

 founded in 1840, ha* 4 professors, 18 studenta, and a library of 2000 

 volumes. The Western military institute at Drennon Springs, founded 

 in 1847, has 10 instructors, 186 students, and a library of 1500 

 volumes. Shelby college at Shelbyville, founded in 1841, has 6 

 instructors, and 44 students. 



Of the various religious denominations, the Baptista, and next to 

 them the Hethodiata, are the most numerous. In 1850 the Baptista 

 had 803 churebes, affording accommodation for 291,855 persons; the 

 Methodista 580 churches, affording accommodation for 167,486 



