﻿KENVIG. 



KERRY. 



persons ; the Presbyterians 224 churches, affording accommodation for 

 99,106 persons; 'Christians' 111 churches, with accommodation for 

 46,340 persons; Roman Catholics 48 churches, affording accommo- 

 dation for 24,240 persons; Unionists 30 churches, affording accommo- 

 dation for 10,900 persons; 'Free' 34 churches, with accommodation 

 for 9377 persons ; Episcopalians 19 churches, affording accommodation 

 for 7050 persons. In all there are in the state 1845 churches, affording 

 accommodation for 671,053 persons. The state institutions for the 

 relief of the unfortunate are — a lunatic asylum at Lexington, containing 

 249 inmates in 1852, and another at Hopkinsville ; an asylum for the 

 deaf and dumb at Dunsville, containing 67 pupils; and one for the 

 blind at Louisville. The number of newspapers and periodicals pub- 

 lished in the state in 1850 was 62, with an aggregate annual circulation 

 of 6,582,838 copies. Of these 9 were published daily, 7 three times a 

 week, 38 weekly, and 8 monthly. 



From the extensive fortifications which occur in several places, but 

 especially on the banks of the Ohio opposite Scioto River, and ai'e 

 now overgrown with high forest-trees, it appears probable that this 

 part of America was once tlie seat of a nation which had made some 

 progress in civilisation. The first Europeans arrived in Kentucky in 

 1767, and the first settlement was formed in 1775, though Daniel 

 Boone is said to have settled in Kentucky some years earlier. It waa 

 then A part of Virginia, but the population having increased rapidly 

 Virginia consented to a separation ; and in 1792, only seventeen 

 years after the first settlement, Kentucky became one of the United 

 States. 



{Stalislical Gazetteer of Ihe United Slates, 1853; Haskell and Smith, 

 Lippincott, Gazelleers of the United State* ; Seventh Cetuut of the United 

 Stales, Official Report, 1853; Lunsford and Shumard, Ci/tuributiont to 

 the Otology of Kentucky ; Marcou, Geological Map of the United 

 Stales; American Almanac, \S5i.) 

 KENVIQ. [Glauoroaksbire.] 

 KERDISTAN, RIVER. [BAaHDAD.Pashalicof.] 

 KEllKHAH, RIVER. [Baghdad, Pashalic of.] 

 KERMAN, KERMANSHAH. [Persia.] 



KERRY, a maritime county of the province of Munster, in Ireland, 

 ia bounded E. by the counties of Limerick and Cork, S. by the county 

 of Cork and the aestuary of the Kenmare River, W. by the Atlantic 

 Ocean, and N. by the ajstuary of the Shannon, which separates it 

 from the county of Clare. It is situated between 51° 41' and 52° 33' 

 N. lat., 9" 7' and 10' 30' W. long. Its greatest leURth from north to 

 south is 60 miles; from east to west 58 miles. The coast-line with 

 its various indentations measures above 220 miles. The area is 1853 

 square miles, or 1,186,126 acres, of which 414,614 acres are arable, 

 726,775 acres uncultivated, 11,169 acres in plantations, 807 acres in 

 towns and villages, and 32,761 acres under water. In 1831 the gross 

 population was 263,126 ; in 1841 it was 293,880; in 1851 it had fallen 

 to 238,2 i9. 



Coast, Surface, Hydrography. — The county of Kerry forms the 

 south-western extremity of Ireland. The coast, which is washed by 

 the Atlantic Ocean, is deeply iudeuted by the estuary of the Kenmare 

 River, the Bay of Dingle, and the Bay of Tralee, the two former of 

 which penetrate into the mainlaud about 30 miles in an easterly 

 direction. The peninsulas intercepted Iwtween these arms of the sea 

 are occupied by the western extremities of the mountain system, 

 which, commencing in Waterford, ext4snd8 with little interruption 

 across the entire south of Ireland. The Huskeny Mountains, spread- 

 ing from the western boundary of Cork across the south of Keiry, 

 occupy the district between the bays of Kenmare and Dingle. The 

 peninsula of Corkaguiney, between the bays of Dingle and Tralee, 

 consists of a prolongation of the mountain groups which occupy the 

 north-western extremity of Cork and the south-west of Limerick. The 

 uorthem jiart of the county con/tists of a rich and generally level 

 country, which rises into rough land in only one direction, towards 

 Kerry Head on the Shannon. 



At the head of Kenmare Bay, the most beautiful of Irish bays, is a 

 long^glen, at the lower extremity of which the town of Kenmare is 

 situated. The peninsula between the bays of Dingle and Kenmare is 

 divided into three principal valleys by ridges running nearly north- 

 east by south-west. Of these valleys the most northern is separated 

 from the Bay of Dingle by the Drung Mountains, which are 2104 feet 

 high, and terminate in Dowlas Head. At the foot of this valley is 

 situated the town of Cahirciveen, near which the river Fartin expands 

 into a small lake before falling into Valentia Harbour. Separated 

 from the valley of the Fartin by the Iveragh Mountains is another 

 Talley terminating towards the sea in the open Bay of Ballinaskelligs, 

 so called from the Skelligs, two remarkable rocks in the offiug. 

 Between the Iveragh ridge and the Dunkerrin Mountains is a con- 

 siderable extent of comparatively open country, subdivided into two 

 valleys by a secondary ridge. In the eastern of these two valleys lie 

 the lakes Derreaua, Lanan, and Currane, of which Lough Currane 

 receives the surplus waters of the other two, and communicates with 

 the Bay of Ballinaskelligs by the Currane River — a stream only a few 

 hundred yards in length, and a favourite resort for salmon. In a 

 sheltered creek between Ballinaskelligs Bay and the Kenmare tcstuary 

 is Derrynane Abbey, the seat of the late Daniel O'Connell, Esq. 

 Between the Dunkerrin range and the shore of Kenmare sestuary are 

 numerous narrow lateral valleys drained by mountain streams running 

 oEoa. Div. VOL. in. 



nearly north and south, of which the principal are the glens of Sneem 

 and the Little Blackwater. The surface here ia chiefly bog- 



The Iveragh Mountains are bounded on the north-east by the valley 

 of Glencar, in the lower portion of which is Lough Carragh, a con- 

 siderable expanse of water. In the interior and opposite the extremity 

 of the Iveragh Mountains is situated the great group of Mac-Gilli- 

 cuddy's Reeks, extending about 10 miles from north-west to south-east, 

 among which Carran Tual rises to the height of 3410 feet, being the 

 highest ground in Ireland. The Reeks have steep, almost precipitous 

 sides, and peaked summits on several of which are small lakes ; the 

 summits are covered with a loose shingle resting on sandstone, and 

 the sides with heath and coarse grass. On the north-east MacGilli- 

 cuddy's Reeks are separated from the Toomies and Glena Purple 

 Mountains by a deep chasm called the Gap of Dunloe. 



In a deep hollow between the southeastern flank of this range and 

 the group of Mangerton lies the Upper Lake of Killarney, a beautiful 

 sheet of water, which is three miles in length by three-quarters of a 

 mile in breadth, inclosed on all sides by mountains from 2000 to 3000 

 feet in height, except at one point towards its eastern extremity, 

 where it discharges its waters by a tortuous course of three miles 

 between the southern declivities of the Glena Purple Mountains and 

 the precipitous side of Turk Mountain. There are several wooded 

 islands in the Upper Lake, the luxuriant foliage of which forms an 

 agreeable contrast to the general sterility of the surrounding moun- 

 tains. There is also a considerable tract of natural oak-forest towards 

 its southern extremity, and the channel leading to the Lower Lake 

 passes through a thickly-wooded defile. About midway between the 

 extremities of the channel a remarkable detached rock, called the 

 Eagle's Nest, rises over the left bank to a height of 1100 feet : the 

 echoes here are of unusual continuance and distinctness. Emerging 

 from this defile the river expands into the Lower Lake of Killarney, 

 7 miles long by 3 miles broad, skirting the eastern declivities of the 

 Toomies and Glena Purple Mountains. These mountains, descending 

 abruptly to the western verge of the lake, are clothed with the richest 

 natural woods of oak, ash, pine, alder, and beech, intermixed with 

 hnzel, whitethorn, yew, holly, and arbutus, from a height of several 

 hundred feet down to the water's edge through a continuous distance 

 of six miles. O'SuUivan's River, descending by a thickly wooded 

 ravine on this side, forms a cascade 70 feet high close to the shore of 

 the lake. On the opposite side the low alluvial banks are everywhere 

 broken into promontories and islands, on which the arbutus grows 

 with uncommon luxuriance. The town of Killarney is situated on 

 the plain about a mile from the eastern shore ; half a mile south of 

 Killarney nms the Flesk, the chief feeder of the lake. About a mile 

 south from the embouchure of the Flesk the richly-wooded promontory 

 of Muckruss runs into the lake about a mile and three-quarters, sepa- 

 rating a portion of the lake. This detached portion is called the Middle 

 Lake, and sometimes Turk Lake, on account of its skirting the base of 

 the Turk Mountain. Two cascades descend into Turk Lake : of thei>e 

 the more considerable is fed by a stream that flows from the Devil's 

 Punchbowl, a lake situated near the summit of Mangerton Mountiuu. 

 Mangerton is easy of ascent, and commands splendid views of the Lakes 

 of Killarney, Macgillicuddy's Reeks, the Sugarloaf Mountains, and in 

 clear weather of several of the bays that indent the coast. The 

 castles of Dunloe and Ross, and the ruined churches of Aghadoe and 

 Muckruss, which are all situated on the eastern shore of the Lower 

 Lake, add considerably to the interest of the surrounding scenery. 

 The waters of the Lakes of Killarney discharge themselves at the 

 northern extremity of the Lower Lake through the river Launo, 

 which runs by a course of 12 miles into the head of Dingle Bay. 



The remainder of the plain between Killarney and the mountains 

 south of Tralee is drained by the Main, which rises near the Cork 

 boundary, and after passing the towns of Castle Island and Costlemain 

 dischartiea itself into the head of Dingle Bay, where it forms Castle- 

 ruiiin Harbour. Near the neck of the peninsula of Corkaguiney the 

 conical mountain of Cahirconree rises to a height of 2784 feet, and 

 has its summit crowned with a circle of massive undressed stones, a 

 circumstance in which the name originated, Cahir Con-righ meaning 

 the stone fortress of king Con, whose name is famous in Irish 

 legendary story. Westward from this a chain of hills extends to 

 Dingle on the southern side of the peninsula ; beyond and north of 

 Dingle the mountains rise towards the Atlantic in great masses, of 

 which the chief is Mount Brandon, 3126 feet in height, being the 

 second highest ground in Ireland. The extremity of the peninsula 

 has an abrupt coast of about six miles from north to south, formed by 

 Sybil Head, Mount Eagle, and Dimmore Head, the most western point 

 of Ireland, off which lie the Blaequet Islands. A new road from Tralee 

 to Dingle skirts the base of Mount Brandon, and affords magnificent 

 views of mountain, lough, and sea. 



North of Tralee the country improves in facility of access and 

 cultivation. The plain of Ardfert, between Traloe and the high 

 ground towards Kerry Head, is rich and well improve<l. The remain- 

 ing district, extending to Tarbert on the Limerick boiuidary, is drained 

 by the rivers Feale, Oale, and Brick, which, uniting within five miles 

 of the sea, receive the common name of the Caahen River. A rough 

 district extends from the mouth of the Cushen to Boal Point on the 

 sostuary of the Shannon. The coast is hero precipitous, and near the 

 bathing village of Ballybuunion abounds in maguiliccnt caves. lu 



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