﻿413 



KINETOHr. 



KING'S COUNTY. 



411 



churchyard still preserves their names. It was in this churchyard, 

 and while repairing the above tombstone, that Paterson the prototype 

 of ' Old Mortality' was first met by Sir Walter Scott. 



Industry, <tc. — The cod and ling fishery along the coast commences 

 in October and closes in July ; and the haddock, skate, and turbat 

 fishery, which is carried on with great activity, usually begins on the 

 9t&t of May, and closes about the middle of July. The haddock 

 fishery is also carried on successfully iu the winter months ; the 

 greater portion of the fish are smoke-dried and exported. The herring- 

 fishery has declined. The weaving of dowlas, household linen, &c., is 

 the chief manufacture of the county, the goods being made mostly 

 for the merchants in Aberdeen and Dundee. 



Religioua Worship and Education. — According to the ' Returns of 

 the Census' taken in March 1851 there were then in Kincardineshire 

 is places of worehip, of which 18 belonged to the Established Church, 

 16 to the Free Church, 7 to Episcopalians, 3 to United Presby- 

 terians, 2 to Independents, and 2 to Baptists. The total number of 

 sittings provided was 23,775. The number of Sabbath schools was 

 90, of which 36 were connected with the Free Church, S2 with the 

 Established Church, 6 were supported by Episcopalians, 3 by United 

 Presbyterians, 3 by Independents, and 2 by ISaptists. The number of 

 Sabbath scholars was 4732. Of day schools there were in the county 

 124, namely, 77 public schools with 3825 scholars, and 47 private 

 schools with 1331 scholars. There were 3 evening schools for adults 

 attended by 42 pupils, a useful knowledge society with 40 members, 

 and a literary society which had 1400 volumes in its library. 



Savings Banks. — In 1852 there were two savings banks in the 

 county at Fordoun and Stonehaven. The amount due to depositors 

 on 20th November 1852 was 29,397<. 12«. lid. 



KINETON. [Warwickshire.] 



KING GEORGE'S SOUND. [ArsnuLiA.] 



KINGKAl-TOU. [China.] 



KING-TE-CHINO. [CnrxA.] 



KINOHORN. [FiFESHinE.] 



KINGSBRIDGE, Devonshire, a market-town and the seat of a 

 Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Kingsbridge, is situated at the head 

 of an ajstuary of the English Channel, in 51° 17' N. Ut, 3° 46' W. long., 

 distant 32 miles S. by W. from Exeter, and 208 miles S.W. from 

 London. The population of the parish of Kingsbridge in 1851 was 

 1679. The living is a vicarage annexed to the vicarage of Church- 

 stow, in the archdeaconry of Totnes and diocese of Exeter. Kings- 

 bridge Poor-Law Union contains 26 parishes and townships, with an 

 area of 71,323 acres, and a population in 1851 of 21,377. 



Kingsbridge is united with the small town of Dodbrooke by a bridge, 

 the two places forming in effect one town. Kingsbridge consists 

 chiefly of one street, built on a hill on the Modbury and Plymouth 

 road ; Dodbrooke, also of one street, on the Exeter road. The harbour 

 gives accommodation to small vessels. In Kingsbridge are places of 

 worship for Independents, Baptists, Wesleyan Methodists, and Quakers ; 

 a Free school, a National school, Crispin s Free Grammar school for 

 20 boys, which has four exhibitions of 50^ each, and in 1S53 had 

 40 scholars ; and other educational institutions. The exports consist 

 chiefly of cider, com, malt, and slate ; coal is the principal article of 

 import. The market is held weekly on Saturday, for com, butchers' 

 meat, and provisions ; the corn-market is one of the largest in the 

 county. An annual fair is held in July. 



KINGSCLERE, Hampshire, a market-town and the seat of a Poor- 

 Law Union, in the parish of Kingsclere, is situated in 61° 19' N. lat., 

 1° 14' W. long., distant 82 miles N.N.E. from Southampton, and 

 54 miles W.S.W. from London by road. The population of the parish 

 of Kingsclere in 1851 was 2885. The living is a vicarage in the arch- 

 deaconry and diocese of Winchester. Kingsclere Poor-Law Union 

 contains 15 parishes, with an area of 43,306 acres, and a popiilation in 

 1851 of 8908. Kingsclere is a small town of mean appearance. The 

 parish church, a cruciform edifice of Norman character, with a central 

 tower, was restored in 1848-49. The Free school for boys was endowed 

 by Sir James Lancaster in 1618, with 20/. per annum. There is a 

 National school for girls. Some trade in malt is carried on : a small 

 com market is held on Tuesday, and there are two fairs in the year. 

 At Kingsclere was anciently a residence of the West Saxon kings ; and 

 a royal residence was in the neighbourhood in the time of King John. 



KING'S CLIFF. [Nobthamitokshibe.] 



KING'S COUNTY, Ireland, an inland county of the province of 

 Leinstcr, is bounded N. by Westmeath, E. by the county of Kildare, 

 3. by Queen's County and Tipperary, and W. by the river Shannon, 

 which separates it from the counties of Galway and Roscommon. Its 

 greatest length from east to west is 40 miles ; from south to north, 

 39 miles. It lies between 52' 51' and 53° 26' N. lat., 6° 59' and 8° 3' 

 W. long. The area contains 493,985 acres, of which 337,258 are arable, 

 145,836 uncultivated, 8258 under plantations, 902 in towns, and 1733 

 trader water. The population in 1881 was 144,225; in 1841 it was 

 146,857; and 112,080 in ISiSl. 



Surface and Ihjdrography. — The county is very irregular in its 

 oatline ; it extends east and west from Kildare to the Shannon, and 

 thence southward to the Slieve-Bloom and the northern offshoots of 

 tlie Devil's Bit Mountains. A series of low limestone hills, running 

 in a north-easterly direction from the northern extremity of the Slieve 

 Bloom by OeoshUl, divides the northern portion of the county into 



two districts of unequal area, of which one slopes eastward to the 

 Barrow, and the other westward to the Shannon. In the north-eastern 

 part of the county the conical hill of Croghau rises 500 feet above 

 the surrounding country. From the northern and eastern declivities 

 of Croghan Hill the ground slopes towards the basin of the Boyne. 



From Croghau and the Yellow River to the Boyne, which forms 

 the north-eastern boundary of the county, is a tract of well-cultivated 

 country, containing the market-town of Edenderry. A branch from 

 the Grand Canal is carried to this town, which is situated above half 

 a mile north from the main line. The district south of the Grand 

 Canal, between Geaahill and the county of Kildare, is occupied by a 

 portion of the Bog of Allen. This tract, extending about twelve miles 

 every way, is divided into two basins by the Philipstown and Cushiua 

 rivers, which discharge themselves through the Feagile and Little 

 Barrow rivers into the Great Barrow, which forms the southern 

 boundary of the district Each of the rivers just mentioned has a 

 margin of arable land varying from half a mile to three miles iu breadth. 

 The valley of the Barrow is highly cultivated, and to a considerable 

 extnnt occupied by the demesnes of tlie resident gentry. At Port- 

 arlington the Barrow is shallow and rapid, having a fall of 16 feet 

 between this place and its junction with the Little Barrow. 



West from the range of Geashill the covmtry slopes to the valley of 

 the Brosna, which, flowing from Lough Ennil in West Meath, traverses 

 the north-western portion of the county, and after receiving the 

 Clodagh and the Broughill, or Silver River, from the district between 

 Geashill and the Shannon, flows into that river at Shannon Harbour. 

 The line of the Grand Canal, which joins the Shannon at the same 

 point, is nearly parallel to the course of the Brosna after its junction 

 with the Clodagh. The bogs which stretch along the southern side 

 of the Grand Canal occupy an areaof 11,588 acres. They are disposed 

 in three principal tracts, separated from one another by low hills of 

 limestone-gravel, and bounded on the south by the hill of Cloghan. 

 South of the hill of Cloghan five principal fields of bog extend over 

 an area of about 24,000 acres. This tract is drained by the Broughill 

 River ,which is formed by two streams, one issuing from Lough Auuagh 

 on the borders of Queen's County, and the other from the western end 

 of a depression in the Slieve-Bloom called the Black Gap, near the 

 small town of Kinnitty. The Broughill River, passing under the 

 Grand Canal, runs into the Brosna about three miles below the junction 

 of the Brosna with the Clodagh, which also passes under the canal. 

 The valley of the Brosna is well cultivated. The river winds between 

 unduhvting banks which form a margin, of considerable breadth on 

 each side free from bog, and towards West Meath spread into a well- 

 cultivated open country about the town of Clara, which is situated ou 

 the river near the border of the county. The district between the 

 Brosna and West Meath, with the exception of the arable margin of 

 the river, is almost wholly occupied by bogs, the most eastern of 

 which, the bog of Kilmaleady, now generally known as the ' moving 

 bog,' in the year 1821 flowed nearly a mile and a half down an 

 adjoining valley. A margin of arable land borders the Shannon also, 

 and several elevated tracts of limestone-gravel separate the several 

 districts of bog from each other. 



The remaining portion of the county, included between the western 

 declivities of the Slieve-Bloom Mountivins, Tipperary, and the Shannon, 

 has a general slope towards the Little Brosna, which forms the boimdary 

 between King's County and Tipperary. There are fortifications at 

 both ends of the bridge across the Shannon at this place commanding 

 the approaches, and about a quarter of a mile farther down, on the 

 King's County side, is a circular redoubt mounting six pieces of 

 cannon. The banks of the Shannon are here richly clothed with 

 meadow, but liable to frequent floods. The valley of the Little 

 Brosna from the Shannon to Birr, and thence to the Slieve-Bloom and 

 the borders of the county of Tipperary, is an undulating well-inhabited 

 district containing extensive tracts of pasture, and towards the moun- 

 tains abounding with varied and pleasing scenery. The highest 

 elevation of the Slieve-Bloom Mountains is 1689 feet. They extend 

 in a line from north-east to south-west for a distance of 15 miles 

 along the Queen's and King's counties. A narrow pass called the Gap 

 of Olandine, near the northern extremity of the range, is the only point 

 of communication throughout this line available for purposes of general 

 traffic. A continuation of the Devil's Bit range forms the more southerly 

 part of the boundary-line bordering on Tipperary. These mountains, 

 although of no great altitude, present a varied and picturesque outline, 

 and abound with scenes of much natural beauty. 



That part of the river Shannon which borders on this county is 

 included within the division of the Middle Shannon. The navigation 

 is partly by the river and partly by short lateral canals. The Littlo 

 Brosna is navigable for small boats. 



Communications. — The completion of the works under the com- 

 missioners for the improvement of the Shannon, has rendered that 

 fine river navigable for largo steamers from Lough Allen to Killaloe ; 

 and steamers of 300 tons burden ply daily up and down the river 

 from Shannon Harbour, at the terminus of the Grand Canal. The 

 Grand Canal crosses the county from east to west with branches to 

 Edenderry and Kilbeggan, and a continuation on the Connaught side 

 of the Shannon to Balliiiasloe. As yet no railways traverse any part 

 of this county ; the Midland Great Western between Dublin and 

 Qalway runs at a little distance from the northern boundary, and tho 



