﻿«• 



KIKKOUIi. 



KIMTOBB. 



hM is Um town. Tho uaricat^y u Wednesday : eigiitfkiri m« held 

 in tkia oouim of th« jraar. 

 KINNUUL. [PusBwnu.] 



KiNBOeS, KiaruMUn^ Sootland, » mtrint-tovn and the oapiUl 

 of tha county, ii situaitad on the wastem bank of Loch Levan, in 

 if 13' N. laL. S* 84' W. long. ; diatant S8 mUea N.W. from Kdiuborgh. 

 The population of tba town in 18S1 ma SS9Q. Tha town oontaiua 

 inaoy haiMUm— hnuaaa, and ia wall ligktad with gaa. Baaidaa the 

 pariah aohool them are • Kraa Ohurch achool, two Foundatio n achooU, 

 and othan «f ninor iapartaaea ; alao a aaringa bank. The manufac- 

 ture of taitnn aliwrb ia tha ohiaf oeou|iation, and in ooonaction with 

 it apinning; aoovring, dyeing, Ac, are carried on. In tha town are a 

 floartniil and a tan-won. The fishery iu tlie loch employa aavaral 

 The pariah churdi, built in 1832, ia a handaome gothic 

 Thero are two dia|>«la for United Proabytatiana and one 

 BVm chnroh. The oounty-hall ia an elegant building, built in 1826, 

 aad aoataina a eourt-riKim with offioea for oounty buaineia, and a jail. 

 In tlia vicinity is Kinross Uouae, oriidnaUy built aa a residence for the 

 Dnka of Yon, aft«rwarda Jamea II., in the event of the Exduaion 

 Bill becoming law. 



KIKBOSS^UIBE, Scotland, a amaU inland oounty, bounded E. 

 and B. by Fifeabire, and W. and K. by Perthshire, between 56° 8' and 

 66° 18' X. laL, 8' 14' and 3° 85' W. long. Its luugth from eaat to west 

 ia about 12 oiilea, and ita width from north to south barely 10 miles. 

 lU area ia 4^,631 atatute acres. The poi>ulation was 8763 in 1841 and 

 8924 iu 1861. Conjointly with Claokinannanahire this county returns 

 one member to the Imperial Pariiauiaat. 



Burfaet, Uydrof/raphy, and Comaumioatitiu. — On the aouthem 

 boundary of the county aro the Cleish Hills ; on the uortberu boumiory 

 are the Ochils ; the aoutb-eastarn boundary runs partly along the 

 summit of the hill of Uinnarty and partly along the flut ground to a 

 point on Kelty Bum, which stream, baring ita aource iu the Cleish 

 Hills, forma the southern boundary. The waatem Lomonda are in 

 the eaatem part of the shire. The boundariea are chiefly hilly, but a 

 Uvd opena from tba south at Ulair Adiua ; a ainiilar level opens to 

 the west towarda Stirling, at the Crook of Devon ; oud a third level 

 to the nortfa-aast. between the Odiil and Lomond hills, lea<iiug towards 

 Cupar in Fife. Thero is, in addition, a narrow passage on tho east, 

 through which flows the river Leven. 



This oounty contains aeveral freah-water lakes, which are well 

 stocked with fish. By far the moat important is Loch Leven, a noble 

 piece of water, covering a surfaoe of near 3300 acraa. Ito height 

 above tha level of the sea is about 300 feet Its greateat depth is 

 from 80 to 90 fact. It contains four islands, the largest of which is 

 called the Inch. The lake abounda in fish, and the trout, which ore 

 oonaidared a great delicacy, are sent to the Edinburgh market. The 

 level of the lake haa been considerably reduced for the purpose of 

 reclaiming a part of ita baain. Upon a small ialand at the north-weat 

 and of Loch Leven are tha ruina of tha oaatla of Loch Leven, a fortress 

 of great antiquity, long uaed aa a royal reaidenoe, and noted as the 

 priaon iu which Queen Mary was retained a priaoner. The ancient 

 t nn n aa t ery of Portmoak, on the left bank of the Leven, near the lake, 

 ia aaid to have been built by a Pictish king, and to have bean the first 

 place in Sootland given to the Culdeee after the conversion of the Picts 

 to Christianity. On the Inch in Loch Leven, called Bt Serf's, or St 

 Servanua Isle, onea stood a priory, but no traces of it remain. 



The chief streams are the Gurney, and the South and the North 

 Queich. The Uaimay rises among the Cleish Hills ; the North and 

 the South Queich have their sources among the Ochila, and all three 

 fall into Loch Leven, the overflow of which forms tlia river Leven. 

 Tba county is well provided with roads, which are kept in goodrepoir; 

 it ia traversed from south to north by the great north road. 



Otoloffj/. — Coal ia found on tha aouth, where tha oounty joina the 

 bordar< of Fifeahire. There are quairiea of good aandatone in that 

 quarter. To tha north of Kinrosa red-aandatona ia the geological forma- 

 tion of tba district The formation of the Ochil and Lomond hills 

 will be found raapactivcly under Clackhahiiansbihe and FirEsaniK ; 

 the ganaral gaologioal oharoctar of the whole district ia described under 

 Omu* BBrrani. 



Soil, CUmaU, AgrieulHire. — Tha interior of tha cotmty, compriaing 

 about one-half of the whole, may be regarded aa a plain slightly 

 varied by gentle nodulationa. Tike soil u varioua, chiefly indbdog 

 to gravel. To the north and weat of Loch Leven it ia clayey, toler- 

 •hlyfartile, and produoes early crops ; in the more elevated parts it 

 oonaMa of moor, funning however excellent pasture. The climate, 

 tboogh oold and wet, owing to the general elevation of the laud, has 

 baaa moeh improved by extenaive drainage. Upon the whole the 

 MMnty ia healthy, and the people are vigorous, and aubject to few 

 diatampata. Froat a«ta in sooner and oontinuea longer than in the 

 atljact-nt country to tba south, yet agriculture has beeu so much 

 improved that the aaed-tima and harvest are seldom behind thoea of 

 the neigbliouring districts. The farms are mostly occupied by resident 

 owners. Uf the grains which are cidtivated the chief attention ia 

 given to oata. Tha district ia well auited for turnip huabandiy and 

 tha rearing of aheap stools 



XHvuiouM, TVxMU, <(o.— Kinroas^ire includes four pariahea and 

 small portions of three adjoining pariahea, the principal parts of which 

 are in i'erthshira. Kimaom ia deaetibad alaawhers; tha only other 



plaoe worthy of ntantion is Milnalkort, popuUtion 1605, a thriving 

 village, in the pariah of Orwell, abont S miles M. from Kinross. 

 It ii lighted with gaa, poaaaaaaa a ohapol of aaae, a United Preab^- 

 teriau and a Free Church, a savings bank, and a public library, said 

 to be tlie oldest in Scotland. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in 

 the manufacture of tartan ahawla. A. weekly com-maiket is held iu 

 the villsgo, 



Ili$torg, AniiquUie$, 4e. — The only historical evanta connected with 

 this oounty are the defanoe of Loch Leven Caatls by Alan de Vipont 

 against an adherent of fialiol, and the aubaequent imprisonment of 

 Quean Mary and her eaoape from the oaatle. There are ao-oallad 

 druidical remaina in the pariah of Orwell, and several vestigea of tha 

 feudal and eooleaiaatioal perioda of national history throughout the 

 oounty, but none of importance. 



Sdigioui Wonhip imd Education. — According to the returns of the 

 Census taken in March 1851, it appears that there were then in the 

 county 1 4 plaoea of worship, of which 6 belonged to the Free Church, 

 4 to the Establiabed Church, and 4 to the United Presbyterian Church. 

 The total number of aittings provided was 6125. The number of 

 Sabbath achools in the oounty waa 14, of which 4 belonged to the 

 Established Church, 4 to the Free Church, and 4 to the United 

 Presbyterian Church. The total number of scholars was 956. Tha 

 number of day-schools in the county was 23, namely, 14 public schools, 

 with 1033 scholars, and 9 private schools, with 3S9 scholars. There 

 was 1 evening adiool for adults, with 81 acholara. 



KINSALE, oounty of Cork, Ireland, a sea-port town, parliamentary 

 borough, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, is situated on tho 

 south coast of Ireland in 51° 41' N. Ut, 8° 81' W. long., on the lea bank 

 of the tBstuary of the Bandoo Hiver, which forms Kinaale harbour, 

 at a distance of about 4 miles from the sea, 14 miles S. from Cork, 

 nnd 177 miles S.W. from Dublin. The population in 1861 was 5606, 

 besides 934 inmatea of the workhouse. The borough is governed by 

 18 town commissioners, and returns one member to the Imperial 

 Parliament Kinaale Poor-Law Union contains 19 electoral divisions, 

 with an area of 79,651 acrea, and a population in 1861 of 28,948. 



The town is built partly on the alope of Compaas Hill, and partly 

 on level ground between it and the harbour. In the level part of the 

 town are a few good spacious streets. Many of the houses in Kinsale 

 are of considerable antiquity, and built with bay windows oonnocted 

 in the upper stories by balconiea after the Spaniah faahion. Thn 

 chief public buildings are the church of St Multoaia, a spscioua 

 cruciform structure of the 14th century ; a large Boman Catholic 

 chapel ; a Carmelite convent with a chapel attached to it ; the infantry 

 barracks ; the assembly-rooms ; the court-house and town-ball ; the 

 prison ; and the Union workhouse, which ia built on Compaas HilL 

 The town also contains two cbripels for Methodists, a fever hospital, 

 a brewery, and several flour-milla. The harbour, which is completely 

 landlocked, has a depth of 6 to 8 fathoms, within a cable's length ot 

 the shore, and is capable of accommodating 800 ships. The entrance 

 to the harbour has a depth of 14 feet at apring ebbs. Fort Cbarlei, 

 a mile east of the town, waa erected for the protection of the harbour, 

 but is now uaed as a barrack. Within the borough limits are the 

 villages of Cove and Scilly, both of which are thronged during the 

 summer with sea-bathing visitors. The fisheries average 500{. a week ; 

 the fish are mostly conveyed dirout from the fisheries to the Cork 

 market Beaidea the usual round and flat fiah, lobsters, oysters, and 

 crabs are abundant The exports of Kinsale are agricultural produce ; 

 the importa are ooal, timber, iron, &c. ; but the trade of the port ia 

 amalL Petty aesaiona are held in the town, which ia also the haad- 

 quarters of a police district Fairs are held on May 4th, September 

 4th, and November 2l8t; markets on Wednesdays, Fridays, and 

 Saturdays. On the south shore of the sestuary of the Bandon, which 

 is reached by a ferry, and nearly opposite the town are the extensive 

 remaina of the old fortress of Castlena Park, and also the ruins of 

 Uinsrone Castle, an old seat of the De Couroeya. 



Kinsale ia the centre of a fishing district which comprises 60 mili^s 

 of coast extending from Flat Head to the eaat side of Inchy Bridge, 

 The fishermen of the district are deemed the moat skilful in Ireland, 

 both in their own calling and aa pilota : in 1860 they had 798 veasela, 

 employing altogether 4132 men and boys. The boats of the KiusaU 

 fiahermen average from 12 to 20 tons, and are called hookers. Then 

 ia a lighthouse on the Old Head of Kinsale. 



Kinaale is an old town. It gives title to the premier baron in the 

 Irish peerage. Miles de Courcey, John de Cource/a son having bean 

 created Baron of Kinsale in 1181. The title has existed in the 

 family ever since. Kinaale haa witnessed soveral important engage- 

 menta both by aoa and land. Hare the M'Carthy More waa defeated 

 by John de Courcey in tha 12th century; and in the harbour an 

 F'nglish fleet defeated a squadron of French and Spaniah galleys in 

 1880. In 1601 it waa for aomo time occupied by a Spaniah force, 

 who were obliged by Sir O. Carew to surrender. In 168S Kinsale 

 waa held for James II., and here that king, in 1689, landed fh>m 

 Brest on his foolish attempt to regain his crown, 



KINTUliE, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, a very ancient royal and 

 parliamcutary buigh in the parish of Kintoro, iu the diatrict ut 

 Oariocb, 12 miles N.W. ih>m Aberdeen, in 67° 15' N. lat, 2" 22' 

 W. long. The population of the burgh in 1851 was 476. The town 

 is governed by a provost and 12 councillors, and conjointly with 



