﻿421 



KINTYRE. 



KIBKCUDBRTGHT. 



423 



Banff, Callen, Elgin, Inveniry, and Peterhead, returns one member to 

 the Imperial PBrliament. The town consists chiefly of one street, 

 on the bank of the Tuach-Bum, which here falls into the river Don. 

 Besides the parish church there is a Free church. The town-hotise is 



• respectable buildin?. Lime is brought up to Port Elphinstone ner.r 

 Kintore by the Abenleen Canal, and granite is carried down in return. 

 There are a library and a savings bank, 



KINTYRE. [Arotleshibe.] 

 KrOOSIOO. [Japah.] 



KIPPEN. [STIHtlXOSHIBE.] 



KIRATZA. [Abys-sixia.] 



KIRKALDY, Fifeehire, Scotland, a royal and parliamentary burgh, 

 «ea-port and market-town in the parish of Kirkaldy, is situated ia 

 Se" 7' N. lat., 3° 9' W. long, on the shore of the Frith of Forth, 

 about 12 miles E. from Dunfermline. The population of the muni- 

 cipal burgh in 1851 was 5093, that of the parliamentary burgh 

 10,475. It is governed by a provost and 20 councillors, and unites 

 with Burntisland, Dysart, and Kinghom in returning one member to 

 the Imperial Parliament. Kirkaldy consists of one rather handsome 

 street, nearly two miles long (from which it gets the designation of 

 the ' Lang Toun,' or Long Town), with several smaller streets branching 

 from it. Near the northern extremity of the High-street is the large 

 Tillage of Pathhead. Kirkaldy has an elegant modem church, and 

 town-house ; with assembly-rooms, mason lodge, library, reading- 

 rooms, and public Grammar school. The town is lighted with tas. 

 The market, which is well supplied, is held weekly on Batunhiy. 

 Many visitors resort to the town as a bathing-plaoe. The harbour 

 has been rendered very commodious. Coal, com, potatoes, sheep, 

 and pigs are largely exported. The number of vessels registered as 

 belonging to the port on December 81st, 1853, were : — Under 60 tons, 

 63, tonnage 2020 ; above 50 tons, 36, tonnage 7096 ; and one steam- 

 Teasel of 62 tons. During the year 1853 there entered the port 643 

 Teasels of 42,604 tons aggregate burden, and there cleared 1218 

 ▼easels of 71,117 tons aggregate burden, with 4 steam-vessels of 262 

 tons. Vessels from the north of Europe trade to the town. Coarse 

 linen fabrics are extensively manufactured, and there are several 

 flax-mills, a foundry, tanneries, a distillery, breweries, &c. Besides 

 the pari.'h church, there are two chapels for United Presbyterians, 

 one for the Free Church, and one each for Tndepemlents and Episco- 

 palians. The Butiscriptioc library in 1851 had 178 members and 

 tipwards of 7000 volumes ; the Kirkaldy Institution had 60 membirs 

 and 1420 volumes; and the Scientific Association had 100 members. 



Kirkaldy was anoiently a seat of the Kridees, or Culdees, whence 

 the name ia said to be formed by the prefix of the word kirk. It 

 belonged to the abbots of Dunfermline as a burgh of regality in 1334. 

 At what time it became a royal burgh ia not known, but Charles I. in 

 1644 confirmed it as such, and ma<le it a free port with additional 

 privileges and jurisdiction. At this periwl it possessed 100 ship", 

 and the population is said to have been larger than at present. 



KIRKBY LON.SDALE. rWfaTMOBLAHD.] 



KIRKBY MALZEARD. [Yorkshire.] 



KIRKBY MOORSIDE, North Riding of Yorkshire, a market-town 

 and the seat of a Poor- Law Union, in the parish of Kirkby Moorside, 

 is situated in 54° 16' N. lat, 0° 55' W. long., distant 25 miles N. by 

 E. from York, and 228 miles N. by W. from London. The population 

 of the township of Kirkby Hoorstda in 1861 was 1835. The living is 



• TiouBge in the archdeaconry of Cleveland and diocese of York. 

 Kiikby Moorside Poor-Law Union contains 23 townships, with an area 

 of 47,490 acres, and a popuUtion in 1351 of 5624. 



Kirkby Moorside is a small irregularly-built town, pictoresqnely 

 situated in a deep valley on the right bank of the river Dove. The 

 parish church, dedicated to All Saints, an ancient stracture, has 

 sittings for 51 4 persons; the chancel contains some curious monuments. 

 In the town are chapels for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, 

 Independents and Qaaken. There is a Free school. Near the town 

 are quarries, coal-mines, and some corn-mills ; and malting is carried 

 on. The prosperity of the town has been seriously affected by the 

 introduction of railways into the district. A small market is held on 

 Wednesday ; fairs are held on Whit- Wednesday and September 18th. 

 In former times K irkby Moorside derived some importance from its 

 two baronial castles, vestiges of which yet remain. 



KIRKBY-STEPHEN. [Westmoblakd.] 



KIRKCUDBRIOHT, in the shire or stewartry of Kirkcudbright, 

 Scotland, a royal and parliamentary burgh and market-town, and the 

 chief town of the stewartry, is situated on the left bank of the scstunry 

 of tl» Dee, about 5 miles from the mouth of the Bay of Kirkctid- 

 bright, 100 miles 8.W, from Edinburgh, in 64* 48'N.lat., 4° 49' W. long. 

 The population of the parliamentary burgh in 1851 was 2687; that of 

 the mnnicipal burgh 2778. The town is governed by a provost and 16 

 councillors, and unites with Annan, Dumfries, Lochmabcn, and 

 Sanquhar in returning one member to the Imperial Parliament. 



Kircudbright was anciently a burgh of barony under the Douglases 

 when they were lords of dalloway. Upon the fall of that family it 

 was erected by James II. into a burgh of regality. Charles II. made 

 it a royal burgh. The town conBists chiefly of two strei t« at right 

 angles to carh other. The public buildings are the court-house, the 

 parish church, a handsome cruciform gothic building, the academy, 

 •nd the j i' ; a Free church and a chapel for Uuited Presbyterians. 



There are an academy or burgh-school, two subscription schools, a 

 well-endowed charity school, and a public library. The town has 

 been greatly improved of late years. 



In the vicinity of the town are vestiges of the ancient castle of 

 Kirkcudbright. The harbour affords good anchorage and shelter. At 

 the head of it is a beautiful and nearly insulated spot called St. Mary's 

 Isle, the seat of the Earl of Selkirk. The river opposite the harbour 

 is 500 feet broad and the depth of water at spring tides is 30 feet. 

 There is constant communication with Liverpool by steamers ; and 

 several vessels belong to the port. Coal, lime, freestone, and slates are 

 imported ; grain, potatoes, sheep, and black cattle are exported. 



KIRKCUDBRIGHT, THE STEWARTRY OF, is a maritime 

 county in the southwest of Scotland, bounded N. and N.W. by Ayr- 

 shire ; E. and N. E. by Dumfriesshire, from which it is in part separated 

 by the river Nith ; S.W. by Wigtownshire and Wigtown Bay ; and 

 S. and S.E. by the Solway Frith. It lies between 54° -13' and 55^ 20' 

 N. lat., 3° 33' and 4° 3S' W. long. Its length varies from 40 to 48 

 miles, and its width from 17 to 30 miles. The area is about 610,734 

 acres, and it comprises the greater portion of the ancient district of 

 Galloway. The population of the county in 1851 was 43,121. It 

 returns one member to the Imperial Pjirliament. 



Coast-line, — The coast, except in the upper part of Wigtown B.iy, 

 is generally bold and precipitous. It is flat on the eastern boundary. 

 All along the coa."t, where the streams of the county fall into the Frith, 

 there are natural harbours. The most important of these, on the 

 eastern shore, are Urr Water Mouth, and Auohencairn Bay, at the 

 bottom of which is the thriving village of Auchfnraii-n, which is clean 

 and well built, and near which, on the bay, is liaJcarnj, a free port 

 In the same parish, a little way westward, are two other free ports, 

 both capable of great improvement, Port Mary and Mullock Bay. 

 Kirkcudbright Bay affords good aouommodation to vessels. The most 

 important bay in the western part of the coast is Fleet Bay, so called 

 from the river which dincbargea itself into it, and which Is navigable 

 to the town of Gatehouse for vessels of 180 tons. 



Surface, Hydrography, and Communicatiotia. — The surface of Kirk- 

 cudbrightshire is rugged and barren, more particularly towards the 

 seaooaat ; but of late years great improvements have taken place in 

 the arable husbandry of the shire, and considerable tracts of land 

 which were formerly unproductive have l)een brought iuto cultivation. 

 The arable lands now form about one-fourth of the entire surface. The 

 whole northern part of the county ia extremely mountainous. Tho 

 chief elevations are Blackl.-u^ in the north, which rises to the height 

 of 1970 feet, and Caimmuir in the west 2600 feet. [Great Biutain.] 



Tho absence of plantations, which are essential to the proper pr j- 

 tection of graring districts, was formerly a subject of regret ; of lato 

 years however planting has been considerably extended, and drainage 

 has been carried on to a considerable extent. The Earl of Galloway's 

 plantations, which stretch around Galloway House for miles, are rich 

 in most varieties of useful and omamental timber. 



Numerous small lakes are distributed over the county. The eastern 

 boundary of the connty is formed by the river Nith [DuMFRrES-slllBE], 

 the western boun<lary by the Cree Water, which is formed from several 

 small lakes on the borders of Ayrshire and Wigtownshire ; in its 

 course southward tho Cree receives the Minnoch Water, and the 

 waters of several other small lakes in the northwest of Kirkcudbright, 

 after which it forma Loch Cree, and issuing from the loch, runs for 

 about 6 miles, when it falls into Wigtown Bay. The two principal 

 streams in the county are the Dee and the Urr. The Dee has its 

 source near the north-western boundary of the county. It pursues a 

 south-east direction, receiving numerous mountain streams, contributes 

 its waters to those of Loch Ken, from which it issues at the southern 

 extremity of the loch, and finally falls into the bay of Kirkcudbright. 

 The salmon-fisheries on this river are valuable. The river Ken collects 

 the waters of all the mountain streams in the north of the county, 

 and forms the loch of the same name. The Urr rises in a lake of the 

 same name on the bonlers of Dumfric3.shire ; it also receives numerous 

 tributaries, the most important of which is Kirkgunzeon Burn, which 

 drains the extreme east of the county and soon aftT falls into thu 

 Solway Frith, where it forms a small bay. The Fleet Water is a short 

 stream 6 or 7 miles in length, which discharges itself into Fleet Bay, 

 a small sostuaiT on the east side of Wigtowu Bay. 



The county is in most parts intersected with well-made and tolerably 

 level roads, which are kept in excellent repair. 



There is commtmication by steam-vessels between Kirkcudbright 

 and Liverpool, and numerous coasting Tcssels carry on the small home 

 trade of the county. 



Geoloyy, Mineralogy, Ae. — The cotinty contains a variety of mineral?, 

 but they have been only in few in.^tar.oes turned to any profitable 

 account, owing to the absence of coal and the general scarcity of other 

 fuel Lime, coal, and frvestone are imported from the opposite coast 

 of Cumberland. Lead Is the mineral mainly wrought. The lead 

 mines at Blackcraigs and Cairusmuir are at present in full o2>eration. 

 Some copper has been found. 



Climate, Soil, and Agriculture. — The climate is salubrious. In the 

 mountainous district it is cold and bleak tho greater part of the year, 

 though the ground ia not long covered with snow. The climate of 

 the low grounds near the Solway is wamier. It is from tho number 

 of streams rather moist, and spring is generally late. Thu west and 



