﻿an 



KNABESBOROUaH. 



kOnigsberg. 



426 



in 1S09, and on their site there ia now an agreeable promenade. The 

 town ia in the form of a square, and is adorned with many handsome 

 pubUc buildings, the palaces of Princes Rosenberg and Porcia, and of 

 the bishop of Uurk ; which last contains fine collections of paintings, 

 minenUs, &c. The streets are wide and regularly built. There are 

 five public squares, three of which are embellished with monuments 

 — a marble equestrian statue of Leopold I., a statue in lead of Maria 

 Thei-esa, and an obelisk erected by the bishop of Gurk in honour of 

 the emperor Francis I. The other buildings of note are the Burg, or 

 old castle of Klagenfurt, the laudhaus, or house of assembly for 

 the states of Carinthia, the law courts, the lycaeum and library, the 

 gymnasium, and the theatre. There is also an Ursuline convent, 

 a normal school, an agricultural society, two hospitals, a lunatic 

 asylum, a house of industry, a workhouse, and house of correc- 

 tion. Of the seven churches in the town, the civic church is remark- 

 able for its fine bold tower, the gallery of which commands an 

 extensive prospect over the town and its picturesque environs. The 

 manufactures of Klagenfurt comprise muslin, fine woollens, silks, and 

 white lead. There is also a considerable transit trade. The high 

 road up the valley of the Drave passes through Klagenfurt and 

 ViUach. There ia a road south from Klagenfurt to Laybach by the 

 Leobel Pass in the C'arnic Al(ffl ; the distance is above J miles. 



KNARES150U0UGH, West Riding of Yorkshire, a market-town 

 and parliamentary borough in the parish of Knaresborough, is situated 

 on the left bank of the river Nidd, in 54° 1' N. lat, 1° 28' W. long., 

 distant 18 miles W. by N. from York, 202 miles N.N.W. from Londou, 

 and 209 miles by the Great Northern and East and West Yorkshire 

 railways. The population of the parliamentary borough of Knares- 

 borough in 1851 was 553t>. Knaresborough is under the government 

 of local magistrates and town oommissionera, and returns 2 members 

 to the Imperial Parliament The living is a vicarage in the arch- 

 deaconry of Richmond and diocese of Ripon. 



The town is situated on the side of a rocky hill, which rises from 

 the bank of the river Nidd. The river is here crossed by two bridges, 

 one at each end of the town. The houses are in general well built of 

 stone, and the town is lighted with gas. The market-place is com- 

 moilious. The parish church, an ancient gotbic edifice, will accom- 

 modate 1200 persons. The Wealeyan and Primitive Methodists, 

 Baptists, Independents, and Roman Catholics have places of worship 

 in the town. The Grammar school, founded about 1617, had 35 

 scholars in 1852. There are also National and Infant schools; a 

 Charity school ; Independent and Roman Catholic schools ; a literary 

 institute, which had 240 members in 1851, and 907 volumes in its 

 library ; a savings bank ; and a dispensary. The cotton and linen 

 manufactures are carried on : and woollen rugs are made. Several 

 flour-mills are in the vicinity. The market on Wednesday is well 

 supplied with provisions, and the corn-market is well attended. A 

 cattle fair ia held fortnightly. A county court and sessions for the 

 West Riding are held here. 



Knaresborough has returned two members to parliament since the 

 Ist of Queen Uary, 1553. The ruins of Knaresborough Castle stand 

 on a rocky height about midway between the two bridges. This 

 fortress, originally built by Serlo de Burgh, one of the Conqueror's 

 Norman adherents, was a place of great strength, but was dismantled 

 by order of the parliament in 1648. About half a mile down the 

 river are the ruins of a priory for friars of the order of the Holy 

 Trinity, which was founded by Richard Plantagenet, brother of 

 Henry III. There are some curious dwellings excavated in the rock ; 

 also St. Robert's chapel, which is said to liave been formed in the 

 13th century by a hermit, son of the mayor of York, and St. Robei-t's 

 Cave, which ia supposed to have been his residence. 'I'bis cave has been 

 made notorious by the peculiar circumstances of the murder committeil 

 there in 1744 by Eugene Aram. On the north-west bank of the river, 

 upposite the ruins of the castle, is a curious petrifying spring, called 

 the Dropping Well. 



KNIGUTUN, Radnorshire, a market-town, municipal and parlia- 

 mentary borough, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of 

 Knighton, is situated on the left bank of the river Teme, in 52" 20' 

 N. lat., 3° 1' W. long., distant 6 miles N. by W. from Prcsteigu, and 

 165 miles W.N.W. from London. The population of the municipal 

 borough in 1851 was 1388. A Local Board of Health manages the 

 sanitary arrangements of the town. The borough, in conjunction with 

 Radnor and four other boroughs, returns oue member to the Imperial 

 Parliament. The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of 

 Salop and diocese of Hereford. Knighton Poor-Law Union contains 

 20 rarishes and townships, with a population in 1851 of 9480. 



Khighton is rather picturesquely situated on the side of a steep 

 bill on the border of the county, commanding fine views of the valley 

 of the Teme. According to the ' Report on the Borough of Knighton,' 

 presented to the General Board of Health by Mr. Lee, the superin- 

 tending Inspector, the " rate of health is very low in Knighton," ami 

 " goitre is very common, about one-third of the females being afflicted 

 with it." The market on Thursday is well attended. Fairs are held 

 on the Thursday before E^ter, May 17th, October 2nd, the last 

 Thunulay in October, and the Thursday before November 12th. The 

 parish church is a small edifice, situated close to the river Teme. In 

 the town are a National school and 6 almshouses. 



KNOWSLEY. [Lamoabhibe.] 



KNUTSFORD, Cheshire, a market-town in the parish of Kuuts- 

 ford, is situated on the great road from London to Liverpool, in 53° 18' 

 N. lat, 2° 21' W. long., distant 24 miles E.N.E. from Ciiester, and 

 172 miles N.W. from Loudon. The population of the town of Kmita- 

 ford in 1S51 Wiis 3127. The living ia a vicarage in the archdeaconry 

 and diocese of Chester. 



The name of the town is said to be derived from Canute, or Knute, 

 the Dane, who forded with his army the small branch of the Bollin, 

 which runs through the town. In Lower or Nether Kuutsford there 

 are a spacious county prison, a handsome tosvn-hall, and the market- 

 place. A county court, and Midsummer and Michaelmas quarter- 

 seaaions for the county, are held in Knutsford. The parish church, 

 erected in 1744, is constructed of brick and atone, and has a square 

 tower. The Baptists, Independents, Wesleyan and Primitive Method- 

 iata, Roman Catholioa, and Unitarians have placea of worahip. The 

 Free school, founded in 1548, is free to 9 boya : the number of acholara 

 in 1S51 waa 20. There are 2 Infant schoola, and a school for boys aud 

 girla ; a workiug-man'a library, and a savings bank. The mai-ket, which 

 is chiefly for butter aud eggs, with some poultry and fiuit, is held on 

 Saturday. Fairs are held on April 23rd, Whit-Tuesd>iy, and Novem- 

 ber Sth. Thread, worsted, and leather are the principal manufactures. 

 Races are held near the town in the month of July. 



KOH-IBABA MOUNTAINS. [AFaHASisiAM.] 



KOHISTAN. [Beloochistan.] 



KOKAND. [TuRKWTAM.l 



KOLLIN. [CoLux.] 



KOLN. [Cologne.] 



KOMMOTAU. [Egek.] 



KONG MOUNTAINS are situated in the western part of Northern 

 Africa. Between 9° and 10° N. lat, 9° and 10° W. long, there seema 

 to exist a high table-land, or perha]>s mountain-knot, in which the 

 Joliba, Quorra, or Niger, the Gambia, the Rokelle, aud the upjier 

 feeders of the Senegal take their rise. From thia same plateau oue 

 mountain range runs north-east, forming the watei-shed between the 

 basins of the Niger aud the Senegal ; another takes a north-western 

 direction, dividing the feeders of the Senegal from tliose of the Gambia ; 

 while a third range runs nearly oast along the parallel of 9° N. lat. to 

 the northward of the territories of the Manilingoes, the Foolahs, aud 

 the Ashontees. To this last range the name of the Kong Mountains 

 has been given, from the word ' koug,' which, in the dialect of the 

 Mandingoes, is said by Pork to mean a mountain. In the kingdom of 

 Yarriba the range is said to turn southeaat, and to terminate on the 

 banks of the N iger, near the confluence of the Tchadda with that 

 river. But of thia range, if it forms one continuous mass, very little 

 is known. Nothing deflnito has been ascertained regarding its length, 

 width, or height [Senkoambia.] The highest known parts of it aro 

 said not to exceed 2500 feet above the sea. The Koug Mountains seen 

 by Mungo Park however must attain a much higher elevation, as they 

 are seen from a great distance. According to the information obtained 

 by Mollien from the natives, mountains occur between 7° and 10° W. 

 long., 8° and 9° N, lat, which are covered with snow all the year 

 round. But Caillid, who traversed them from west to east, near 

 10° N. lat, did not observe snow on the mountains ; he found that 

 the moderate lidges which lay in his way were separated from one 

 another by fertile, well-watered, and extensive plains, and that the 

 valleys were not numerous, and comparatively short. 



(Muugo Park; Mollien; Clapperton and Lauder; aud Coillid, 

 TraveU through Central Africa.) 



KONQSBERG. [Aoqebhuuh.] 



KONIGSBEHO, one of the two governments into which the pro- 

 vince of East Prussia is divided, is bounded N. by the Baltic, N.E. by 

 Russia, E. by the government of Uumbinnen, S. by I'oaen, aud W. by 

 the governments of Marienwerder and Danzig. Ita area is 8636 squai-e 

 miles, including the lai^ge bay called the Frisohes Half, and the popu- 

 lation at the end of 1849 waa 847,533, of whom 525 were Jews ; 385 

 Meuuonites, and the rest Evangelicals and Catholics, iu the ratio of i 

 to 1. The government borders on the Baltic from the U ulf of Danzig ( o 

 the Russian frontier. The coast is low aud indented by two extensive 

 shallow fresh-water bays, which communicate with the Baltic each by 

 a narrow strait towards its eastern extremity. These are the Curischea- 

 Haff and the Frisches-IiafT, which are described in separate articles. 

 .Several arms of the Vistula, the Passarge, which is navigable, and 

 many other rivers, fall into the Frisches-H;iU". [Danzio ; Vistula.] 

 The surface of the interior of the government is a flat agricultui'al 

 country, with some extensive foresta. Wheat, rye, flax, hemp, &c., 

 are the chief products. Cattle and sheep are numerous. 



The chief town of the government of Kijuigsberg is Konigsbebo. 



ilemel, the most northern town in Prussia, is situated at the mouth 

 of the Dange, and on the eastern side of the strait that joins the 

 Curisches-Haff to the Baltic. It ia fortified aud well built, and lias a 

 safe harbour defeu'ied by a citadel. The cutrauce to the harbour ia 

 crossed by a bar, on which there is from 13 to 18 feet water. The town 

 is well situated for commerce. The exports consist of timber, hemp, 

 flax, com, tow, staves, linseed, oil, oil-cake, rags, hides, tallow, bristles, 

 Ac, most of which are brought from Poland aud Russia. The imports 

 are chiefly salt, coals, herrings, colonial produce, and manulautiaud 

 goods. The number of ships that arrived iu 1849 was lu74, about 

 half of which were in ballast; the departures numbered 1072. Iu 



