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LAKCASHIRE. 



LAlfCASHIRE. 



4U 



Nmt the town art tb« pictareaqus rulm of Furaeai Abboy, notioad 

 ■ iha and of Uii* article. 



Our Darwtn, 4 mile* & from BUckbuni, poptiktion 7020, pooeMea 

 a dbtrist ehorch and a chapel of eaae, pUoea of wonhip for Wealejan ' 

 MathodiiU, and Natioual, Britiah, InCtnt, and OperatiTe FVee lehooU. 

 The mechanic* institution in 1851 had 194 memben, with a library 

 oontaining 1700 rolome*. Cotton-milla, paper-mills, iian-worki, and 

 ooUirriea in the nelgbbonrfaood gire oonaiderable employment A 

 market established soma yaan back is held on Saturday. A market- 

 hoose, with a magiatnte'i room and an assembly room over it, stands 

 in the centre of the town. Faira for horaea and cattle are held in 

 May, July, and October. Lover Danoea, population M21, is about 

 S milea &E. from Orer Darwen, but the two pUoea are almost con- 

 nected by interrening hamlets. The oocupationa of the inhabitants 

 ara nearly dmilar. At Lower Darwen are a district church, Dissenting 

 diapala, and National and British schools. 



JStcUt, 4 miles W. from Manchester : populntion of the town, 4108. 

 The church, an ancient structure, was repaired iu 1847 ; in the interior 

 ara some monuments of intereat There are a chapel for Wealeyan 

 Mathodista, a Free Qrammar school, and an Iniaiit school The 

 inhabitants are engaged in the cotton and silk manuboturea. Eccles 

 cake enjoys a reputation somewhat analogous to Banbury oake. 



Pltttwood, or FlteltPood-on-Wirt, 20 mile* S.W. from Lancaster, 

 ■itnated at the north-east comer of the peninsula formed by the 

 estuary of the river Wire and the shore of the Irish Sea, is a modem 

 town, which owes its origin and importance to the extension of rail- 

 way aud steam-Teasel communication : the population of the town 

 and port in 1851 waa 8121. Sir P. Heaketh Fleetwood, Bart, from 

 whom the place baa its name, laid out the town with much taste, and 

 erected vanous public buildings. In connection with the Preston and 

 Wire railway, which has an extensive station here, steamers ply 

 between Fleetwood and Belfast, Ijondonderiy and the Isle of Man, 

 and during the summer months to Glasgow. Two whar&, respectively 

 1180 feet and -1440 feet long, accommodate the steamers and other 

 shipping. There are also docks and a lighthouse. A raised stone 

 causeway, and a bridge of piles extending about two miles, carrr the 

 railway along the western side of the Wire water or ccetuary. There 

 are a neat church ; chapels for Independents, Wesleyan Methodists, 

 and Roman Catbo'ics ; tne ' Fleetwood Testimonial Schools ;' an Infant 

 school ; a school supported by Roman Catholics ; and a commodious 

 market-house. A custom-house and extensive bonded warehouses are 

 on the wharfs. The number and tonnage of veaaels registered as 

 belonging to the port of Fleetwood on December 81st 1853 were — 16 

 lailing-veaselB with an aggregate tonnage of 480 tons, 14 of 8424 tons, 

 and 5 steamers of U04 tons in all. The number and tonnage of sailing- 

 Taaaela entered at the port during 1853 were — inwards, 443 veaseU, 

 tonnage 83,674 ; outwards 268, tonnage 19,255 : the steam-vessels 

 entered wore — inwards 672, tonnage 117,880; outwards 671, tonnage 

 118,725. The mechanica institution had 142 memben in 1851, and 

 670 volumes in its library. A subscription news-room is maintained. 

 Roaaall College, about 3 miles S.W. from the town, famishes a liberal 

 education to sons of clergymen and other gentlemen : the pupils 

 reside in the college. The market is held on Friday. Fleetwood is a 

 IkTOurite reaort in summer for sea-bathing. 



Uamlaktad, in Fumeas, 84 miles N.N.W. from Lancaster by Amble- 

 side, population of the township 826, is situated in a pleasant vale near 

 the head of Esthwaita Water, on a brook flowing into the lake. The 

 parish ehuroh is finely situated on an elevation ; it is of Korman dat«, 

 but waa repaired and altered in the reign of Elizabeth by Sandys, 

 archbiiihop of York, a native of the town. In the town is a place of 

 worship for Quakers, a National school, and Archbishop Sandys's 

 Orammar school, which has an income of about 220<. a year, and bad 

 25 scholars in 1852. The town-hoiue is a neat building. In the 

 neighbouring mountainous district are extenrive iron-works and slate- 

 quarriaa. Large flocks of sheep are fed on the hills and plains in the 

 district The market is on Monday. Fairs are held on Easter 

 Monday, the Monday before Ascension Day, Whit-Monday, and 

 October 2nd. 



I/eyvood is chiefly on the left bank of the river Roch, about 3 mUca 

 from Itury and Rochdale respectively, populntion 12,194 ; it owes ita 

 im|K>rtAnce chiefly to the cotton manufacture. Beaidea numerous 

 oottou-mllli), there are iron-fonndriea, coal-minea, rope-works, and a 

 manufactory of power-looms. There are two chapels of tho Establish- 

 mant, chapels for Baptists, Independents, Wesleyan, Primitive, New 

 Connexion, and Association Methodists, and Swedenborgians ; National 

 and Infant schools, a Swedenborgian school, a mechanics institute, and 

 a savings bank. At Heywood is a station of the Lancashire and York- 

 shire railway, and a cut from the Rochdale Canal communicates with 

 th* viUage. 



BimdUy, 15 miles W. by N. from Manchester, population of the 

 town 6266, haa aeraral cotton factoriea and oolUeriea in tho vicinity. 

 Hindlajr poaaaaaaa an old Episcopal chu>al, chapels for Wesleyan 

 Methooists and Rowan CathoUca, and an Inlisnt school. 



Uvrwiek, IC milea N.W. from Manchaatar, popuUitJon of the town 

 2104, baa a chapal of the Establishmeot, chapels for Independents 

 and Waatayan Methodists, aud National and Infant schools. Cotton- 

 ■pinning, ooal-mining, and tha making of fire-bricks are the chief 

 occupaUons. 



/Tbmiy, 10 milaa N.E. from Lancaater, population of the towoahip 

 874, onoe a market-town of some importance, stands in the midst of 

 a rich grasing district, on the banks of the river Wenning, near ita 

 junction with tha Lone. Hornby CasUe, near tha town, the ancient 

 mat of the Stanlaya, Barons Montaagle, haa bean rebuilt, and is now 

 fitted up aa a modara manaioa. There ara a neat Episcopal chapal 

 with an octagonal tower, a Roman Catholic chapel, and n Free school 

 in Hornby. A handsome stone bridge orosaea the Wenning. Tha 

 market, held on alternate Tueadays chiefly for oatUe, is well attended : 

 there is a yearly fair. 



I/ytkam, on tha right bank of tha laatuary of tha Ribble, 26 milaa 

 S. by W. from Lancaater, population of the pariah 2098, is moidi 

 resorted to in summer for aea-bathing. There is a fine promenada 

 along the beach. Beaidea the parish church, which waa erected in 

 1771, there are in Lytham St John's church, erected in 1834 ; ch^>ala 

 for Wealeyan Metbodista and Roman Catholics; and a Charity 

 schooL There is a small shipping buaineas at Lvtham Pool, aflurding 

 some employment for ship-carpenters, block-makers, and sail-makers. 

 A branch of the Preston and Wire railway runs to Lytham. There 

 are baths, assembly- and billiard-rooms, and other aocommodaUons 

 used at bathing towns. 



NoBtot^iti-Maitrfield, or Neteton-in-tXe-WiUovt, is situated about IS 

 miles W. from Manchester, by the Manchester and Liverpool railway : 

 the population of Newton in 1851 was 8719. The market, which had 

 been long discontinued, has been restored. An obelisk marks the site 

 of an ancient market cross. Fain for cattie and horses are held on 

 May 17th and August 11th and 12th. In the town is an ancient 

 coturt-house. Newton was a borough by prescription, and returned 

 two memben to Parliament ttom the 1st of Eli&beth, but waa dia- 

 fraucbised by the Reform Act Beaidea the parish church there are 

 a chapel for Independents, a Grammar school, and an lufant school. 

 Cotton-mills, flour-mills, iron-foundries, and an extensive glass-manu- 

 factory, afford employment Brick-making is carried ou. 



Poulton, or Poulton-U-Fylde, a market-town in the Fylde district, 

 situated on an elevation, about 2 miles from the left bank of the 

 sestuary of the Wire, 21 miles S.S.W. from Lancaster : population of 

 the township, 1120. The church was rebuilt about 1757, except the 

 tower, which is of the time of Charles I. The Weslcyau Metbodista 

 and Roman Catholics have places of worship. A Free school waa 

 founded in 1717 for boys and girls; an apprentice fund for poor boya 

 waa also provided by the founder of the Free schooL The market- 

 day is Monday : three yearly fain are held. Poulton poaaeaaea a 

 savings bank. 



RadcUffe, 6 miles N.N.W. firom Manchester : population of the town, 

 6002. Ginghams, checks, ticks, and fustians are lai^ely manufactured ; 

 and there are calico printing-works and collieries. The parish church 

 is an ancient structure : there are a chapel of ease, two chapels for 

 Wesleyan Methodists, and National and Infant schools. Near Raddiffa 

 are the ruins of a tower erected in the reign of Henry IV. 



Saint SeUn'i, in Prescot parish, 22 miles W. by S. from Mancbestefi 

 population of the town 14,866, is a straggling ill-built place : it is 

 lignted with gas. There are two establitihed churches and a chapel 

 of ease ; chapels for Independents, Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, 

 Quakers, and Roman Catholics ; several Xfational and British schools, 

 Infant schools, a Free school, and a school for Roman Catholics. The 

 town-hall in the marketplace contains assembly-rooms and a new*- 

 room. The Britiah Plate-Glass Company's establiiuiment at Ravcnhead, 

 the works for amelting copper-ore Delonging to the proprietors of the 

 Parys Mine in Anglesey, cnemical works, potteries, iron aud bntaa 

 foundries, and a brewery, afford employment Rojw-making aud tan- 

 ning are carried on. A customary market is held ou Saturday : there 

 are two yearly fairs. A county court is held in the town. The 

 Liverpool and Manchester railway aud the Sankey Canal pass near the 

 town, and a railway goes to Runcorn Gap on the Mersey. 



Soiuhport, 22 miles N, from Liverpool, or 18} milea by railway, 

 population 4765, situated in a flat district on the coast at the mouth 

 of the Ribble, is a favourite bathing place. The main street of the 

 village is well lighted with gas and paved, and there is a spacioua 

 promenade. In the village are three churches, two Independent 

 chapela, and one each for Wesleyan and I'rimiUvo Methodists, Quakers, 

 and Roman Catholics; Church, Wesleyan, National, and British schoola 

 The usual accommodations for visiton are amply provided, and there 

 are medical and other charities, 



Tyldaley, about 10 miles W. by N. from Manchester, population of 

 the town 3608, hus a large and nondaome church, with a tower and 

 spire, together 160 feet high; chapels for Wesleyan Methodist* and 

 tlio Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion ; a National school, and a 

 mechanics institution with a library. Coal-mines, cotton-factories, 

 and flourmillH giro considerable employment 



The following are among the ^ore important villages ; tha popula- 

 tions, when not otherwise designated, are those of the parishes in 

 1861 ;— 



A8iiT0lc-l2f-MAKSRruu>. Sacup, IS milea K. from Mancheater, 

 population of the villa^ 6981 in 1861, has extensive cotton factories, 

 several dyeing establuhmenta, brass and iron foundries, woollen, 

 woollen-printing, and fulling-mills, and an extensive corn-mill. In 

 the vicinity are numerous ooal-minea. There are iu Baoup a chapel 

 belonging to the Establishment; two chapels for Baptists; ohapeU 



