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lANCASHIRE. 



LANCASHIRE. 



4M 



for Weslejan and Association Hetliodists ; National and British 

 schools; a school in connection with the Wesleyan chapel; and a 

 mechanics institution, which had 105 members in 1851, with 881 

 volumes in its library. The village is lighted with gas. Blackrod, 

 17 miles N.W. from Manchester, population of the township 2509, 

 occupies the site of a Roman station ; traces are distinctly visible of 

 a Roman road. Elxtensive collieries and bleach-fields are in the neigh- 

 bourhood. Blackrod possesses a district church, a chapel for Wesleyan 

 Methodists, a Free Orammar school, founded in 1627, and a National 

 schooL liolton4e-Sandt, is situated on the east side of Morecambe 

 Bay, 4 miles N. from Lancaster, population of the township 686. The 

 church 11^ erected in 1813. The Free Grammar school had 51 

 scholars in 1851. BrowjlUon-in-Pumet>, 31 miles N.W. from Lan- 

 caster, population of the township 1297, is situated about half a mile 

 from the river Duddon, on the left bank of a stream flowing into the 

 sstuary of that river, which here forms the boundary between 

 Lancashire and Cumberland. The houses, which are generally of 

 stone, form a square, and have a neat appearance. Hoops and brush- 

 artocks are extensively made. Oak-bark, grain, malt, and large quan- 

 tities of blue slate are exported. There is a small market on 

 Wednesday. Fairs are held on April 27th, August Ist, and October 

 6tb, chiefly for homed cattle and mountain-eheep. The Duddon ia 

 navigable to about half a mile from the bridge. The AVhitehaven 

 and Fumcss railway passes Broughton ; the Fumess line runs to 

 Ulverstone. In the town ia ao Endowed schooL Broughton Tower, 

 a portion of an old fortress, ia now incorporated with a large modem 

 mansion. C'howbent, 12 miles W.N.W. &om Manchester, population 

 returned with the chapelry of Atherton, is a populous and busy 

 village, although some of its former celebrity in the manufacture of 

 machinery and iron-work has departed. In Uie village are a ohapel of 

 eaae, and chapels for Baptiata and Unitarians. Crotby, on the coast, 

 6 miles N. by W. from Liverpool, population of the chapelry 2403, ia 

 a pleasant bathing village, much resorted to in summer. A chapel of 

 ease ia in the village. A Free Orammar school was founded here in 

 1618. Denton, 6 miles G. by S. from Manchester : population of the 

 township 3146. The felt-hat trade, which was formerly carried on 

 here, has considerably declined, aud some coal-mines in the vicinity 

 have been closed, in consequence of which the population has been 

 reduced in number. The parochial chapel ia on ancient building, con- 

 structed of wood and pUuter. There are a district church, and a 

 British achooL DUUtmry, 5\ miles S. from Manchester, population 

 of the township 1449, is selected by many of the Manchester mer- 

 chants aa a place of residence. It ia pleaaantly aituated near the 

 right bank of the Mersey, which here aeporstea Lancasbira and 

 CheahireL Beddas the parochial chapel there ore a Wealeyan Methodist 

 chapel, a theological inatitution belonging to the Wesleyan Methodist 

 body, in which young men are trained for the ministry, and an 

 Endowed National schooL i'ccletton, 16 miles S. by W. from Lan- 

 caster, population of the township 631, is a place of little trade, 

 situated near the left bank of the Wire. It posaesaea a parochial 

 chapel, ohapela for Wesleyan Methodista and Roman CathoUca, and a 

 Free achooL The gathering and preparing of rushes for toUow 

 chandlers is a considerable source of employment. EverUm, a suburb, 

 and included in the parliamentary borough of Liverpool, population 

 of the chapelry 9221 in 1841 ; in 1851 it had risen to 25,513; at the 

 Census in 1851 there were 870 of the military in the barracks. There 

 are two district churches, an Independent chapel, a Free school, and 

 National and Infant schools. Pamworth, 12 nules £. by S. from 

 Liverpool, has a chapel, which ia a picturesque embattled edifice of 

 the 15th century ; a Free Grammar school founded in 1480, which 

 haa an income from endowment of about 60^ a year, and had 21 

 scholars in 1853; and National schools. Canvas for sails is largely 

 manufactured ; watchmaking, and the making of files and other iron 

 tools are carried on. Gorton, about 3 miles fi. by E. from Manchester, 

 population of the chapelry 4476, contains extensive chemical works, 

 a cotton factory, and eatablishmeuts for starch making, dyeing, and 

 hat-making. There are a chapel belonging to the Establishment, 

 chapels for Baptints, Wesleyan Methodists, imd Unitarians, and an 

 Endowed school fur boys. A reservoir of the Manchester water- 

 works, about 70 acres in extent, is in Oorton Vole. The Manchester 

 and .Stockport Canal passes Oorton on the east. Greenaer^s Moor is 

 in the township of Oldham, with which the population is returned. 

 The village is a suburb of Oldham, aud a place of residence for many 

 genteel families ; it has two Established churches, two chapels for 

 Independents, a chapel for Wealeyan Methodista, National achools, 

 two achoola conducted by Methodiata, aud a mecbnnica institution, 

 whio)^ in March 1861 had 68 membera. Numerous cotton-mills, 

 warp making establishments, iron-works, coal-mines, and rope-works 

 furnish employment. Candle-wicks, and clogs and pattena are also 

 made, llaiyh, 22 miles N.E. from Liverpool, population of the 

 chapelry, which is part of the parish of Wigan, 1220, haa exten- 

 sive coal-mines, from which are obtained large quantities of caunel 

 coal, and of a coal which from ita superior qualities has received 

 the name of King Coal. Numeroua toya and omamenta are made 

 from the canuul coal, which ia susceptible of a high polish. There 

 is a large iroo-foundry. Bvsides the parochial chapel there ore a 

 public school for boys, and a school of industry for girls. Haigh 

 Hi\ll the leat of the Earl of Balcarrea, ia between Ilaigh and Wigan 



Ince, part of the borough of Wigan, 17 miles W. by N. from Man- 

 chester, population of the township 3670, has extensive coal-mines, 

 from which caunel and king coal are raised ; the cotton manufacture, 

 and the making of garden and edge tools employ mauy of the popu- 

 lation, luce Hall is a fine old many-gabled mansion. Kearslei/, about 

 8 miles N.W. from Manchester, population of the township 4236, has 

 extensive bleaching-works, branches of the cotton manufacture, 

 chemical works, and some less important occupations. A chapel for 

 Swedenborgians is in the village. Krwwsley, about 6 miles N.K. from 

 Liverpool, population of the township 1486. In the neighbourhood 

 is Knowsley Park and Hall, the seat of the Earl of Derby. The 

 mansion is a large brick edifice of various dates and incongruous 

 styles ; in it are some fine paintiugx. The park is very extensive. 

 Leyland, 6 miles S. by W. from Preston, population of the township 

 3617, was once a place of some importance. The church, which is 

 very large, was rebuilt in 1816 except the tower, which is ancient. 

 There are places of worship for Independents and Roman Catholics ; 

 a Free school foimded in the reign of Eliaiteth, which had 18 

 scholars in 1853 ; a National and an Infant school, and a savings bank. 

 The inhabitants are employed in the cotton manufacture. Warden 

 Hall, a fine old family mansion, is in Leyland. Morecambe, a bathing 

 place on the shore of Morecambe B.'\y, about 4 miles N.W. from Lan- 

 caster, and close to Poulton, which is a station of the North- Western 

 railway. The Local Board of Health for Poulton and two neigh- 

 bouring townships has an interest in the management of the sanitary 

 affairs of the place. Newchurch, 8 miles N.W. from Rochdale, popula- 

 tion of the chapelry 16,915, has a church, rebuilt in 1825 ; chapels for 

 Wesleyan and Association Methodists, Baptists, and Unitarians ; a Free 

 Grammar school, several National schools, and a school connected 

 with the Baptist chapel. The cotton manufacture, the coarse woollens 

 and baize manufacture, coal-mining, and the quarrying of stone, 

 furnish employment to the population. Otwcddlteiille, about 3 miles 

 E. by 8. from Blackburn, population of the township 7654, has a 

 parochial chapel, chapels for Baptists and Wesleyan and Primitive 

 Methodists, and National and Infant schools. Several extensive cotton- 

 spinning, manufacturing, and printing-works are in the village. 

 Padiham, about 34 miles W. by N. &om Burnley, population of the 

 township 4509, is aituated on on elevation on the right bank of the 

 river Colder : the streets are lighted with gas. The cotton manufac- 

 ture, and the printing of cotton goods give extensive employment. 

 Several coal-mines are in the vicinity. Besides the parochial chapel, 

 there are chapels for Wesleyan Methodists, Baptists, and Unitarians ; 

 National, British, and Wesleyan schools. Three fairs are held in the 

 course of the year. PendUbwry, 6 miles N.W. from Manchester, popu- 

 lation of the township 2750, ia chiefly engaged in the various branches 

 of the cotton manufacture. Several collieries are in the neighboiu<- 

 hood. There are here a neat district church, and National schools. 

 Agecroft Hall, a very ancient mansion, is in the vicinity. PUkinyton, 

 about 6 miles N. by W. from Manchester, population of the township 

 12,863, is chiefly occupied in the cotton manufacture. PotUton-U-Sanda, 

 on the shore of Morecambe Bay, about 4 miles N.W. from Lancaster, 

 population of the hamlet 995; is resorted to in summer fur sea- 

 bathing, for which it is advantageously situated. The village haa 

 railway communication by Lancaster with Yorkshire, and with the 

 northern and southern parts of the county. There are here a chapel 

 of the Eatabliahment, recently rebuilt, and a Free schooL Panuliotton, 

 4 miles N. from Bury, population at the ecclesiastical district 3431, is 

 dependent on the cotton manu&eture : at this place the first Sir 

 Robert Peel established the calico-printing trade. The extensive works 

 of Measrs. Grant Brothers, and Messrs. Ashton affurd extensive em- 

 ployment. There are here a Scotch church, erected in 1832 by 

 WiUiom Grant, Esq., and a chapel of the Establishment, erected by 

 public subscription, to which Meaars. Ashtou liberally contributed. 

 There are National and Wesleyan achools. Ramtomtall, about 3 miles 

 N. from Bury, pupulation of the ecclesiastical district 5643 ; has 

 extensive cotton-mills, the proprietors of which have liberally provided 

 means of instruction for their work-people by the erection of a church 

 and a schooL There are also a Wesleyan chapel. National schools, a 

 mechanics institution, and a savings bank. Ribcliester, 9 miles N.E. 

 from Preston, population of the township 1650, occupies the site of 

 the Roman station Coccium, or Rigodunum, on the right bank of the 

 Ribble. A bath and other Roman remains have been discovered. The 

 church ia of the perpendicular style. There is a Roman Catholic 

 chapeL The inhabitants of Ribchester are mainly occupied in hand- 

 loom weaving. Salesbury Hall is an antique mansion of noteworthy 

 character. About 4 miles from Ribchester is Stoneyhuret, noticeable 

 on account of the Jesuit college, founde<l in 1840, a large and commo- 

 dious structure, fitted up with every needful adjunct. It stands in 

 beautiful grounds in the midst of very picturesque scenery. The 

 church is elaborately decorated. The hall is capable of dining 160 

 pupils. Seaforlh, is a modern village on the coast 3 miles N. from 

 Liverpool, in which are some neat residences of Liverpool merchants, 

 and a new church. It is resorted to for sea-bathing. Standuh, 3 

 miles N.W. from Wigan : population, 2655. The church is a semi- 

 classic structure, erected in 1684. There are oliai)els for Wesleyan 

 Methodists, Independents, and Roman Catholics; a Free Orammar 

 school, founded in IGIO, a School of Industry, and an Infant school. 

 The inhabitants are mainly dependent on the coal-mines in the vicinity. 



