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LANCASHIRE. 



LANCASHIRE. 



N«ur th« town u« Um niotareaqae ruins of FoniMi Abbey, notiead 

 nwr tha end of IbU •rticle. 



Omt Vanrtn, 4 mOM a ftrom Blaekbnn, poptiktton 7020, pooeaMa 

 • ^battiet ehurdi and a ohual of «aa«, pUeea of worabip for WealeTUi 

 Ifatliodirta, and National, Britiah, Influit, and Operative FVce ■choola. 

 The meohaniea uutitution in 1851 had IM member*, with a library 

 eontaining 1700 Tolnmea. Cotton-mUla, paper-miUa, iron-worka, and 

 coUirriea in tha nei|^bonrhood RiTe conaidarable employment A 

 market eatabliahed aome yean back la held on Saturday. A market- 

 houie, with a magiatrate'a room and an anembly room over it, itonda 

 in the oentra of the town. Fain for hotaaa and cattle are held in 

 Hay, July, and October. Ltnter Danotn, population 8521, ia about 

 8 milea 8.K. from Orer Darwen, but the two pUoea are almost con- 

 nected 1^ intenreniDg hamleta. The oocupationa of the inhabitanta 

 are nearly similar. At Lower Darwen are a district church, Uiasenting 

 ofaapela, and National and British schools. 



itdUl, i miles W. from Manchester : popuUtion of the town, 4108. 

 Tha diaroh, an ancient ttnicture, was repaired in 1847 ; in the interior 

 are some monuments of intcreet. There are a chapel for Wealeyan 

 Methodists, a Free Orammar school, and an Infant aohooL The 

 inhabitanta are mgiiged in the cotton and silk manoEu^ures. Ecdes 

 eake enjoys a reputation somewhat analogous to Banbury cnke. 



PUdwood, or Pltttwnd-on-Wirt, 20 miles S.W. from Lancaster, 

 lltoatad at the north-east compr of the peninsula formed by the 

 ■atoary of the rirer Wire and the shore of the Irish Sea, is a modem 

 town, which owea ita origin and importance to the extension of rail- 

 way and steam-Teasel communication : the population of the town 

 and port in 1851 waa 8121. Sir P. Hesketh Fleetwood, Bart, from 

 whom the plaoe haa its name, laid out the town with much taste, and 

 erected Tanous public buildings. In connection with the Preston and 

 Wire railway, which has an extensire station here, steamers ply 

 between Fleetwood and Belfast, liondonder^ and the Isle of Muii, 

 and during the summer months to Qlasgow, Two wharfii, respectively 

 1180 feet and '1440 feet long, accommodate the steamen and other 

 shipping. There are also docks and a lighthouse. A raised stone 

 causeway, and a bridge of pilea extending about two miles, carry the 

 railway along the western side of the Wire water or Sistnanr. There 

 are a neat church ; chapels fur Independents, Wesleyan Methodists, 

 and Roman Catho'.ies ; toe ' Fleetwood Testimonial Schools ;' an Infant 

 school ; a school supported by Roman Catholics ; and a commodious 

 market-botiBo. A custom-house and extensive bonded warehouses are 

 on the wb-trfs. The number and tonnage of vessels registered as 

 belonging to the port of Fleetwood on December 81st 185S were — 16 

 suling-veasels with an aggregate tonnage of 480 tons, 14 of 8424 tons, 

 and 5 ateamen of 904 tons in all. The number and tonnage of sailing- 

 Teaaels entered at the port during 1853 wore — inwards, 448 vessels, 

 tonnage 83,874 ; outwards 268, tonn.ige 19,255 : the steam-vessels 

 entered were — inwards 672, tonnage 117,880; outwards 671, tonnage 

 118,725. The mechanioa institution had 142 memben in 1851, and 

 670 volumes in its library. A subscription news-room is maintained. 

 Roaaall College, about 8 milea S.W. from the town, furnishes a liberal 

 education to sons of clergymen and other gentlemen : the pupils 

 reside in the coUege. The market is held on Friday. Fleetwood is a 

 Ikvourita resort in summer for sea-bathing. 



Hmdctkead, in Fnmess, 84 miles N.N.w. from Lancaster by Amble- 

 dde, population of the townahip 825, is situated in a pleasant vale near 

 the head of Esthwaite Water, on a brook flov^g into the lake. The 

 nuriah church ia finely situated on an elevation ; it is of Norman date, 

 but waa rejMdred and altered in the reign of Elizabeth by Sandys, 

 archbishop of York, a native of the town. In the town is a place of 

 worship for Quakers, a National school, and Archbishop Sandys's 

 Grammar school, which has an income of about 220(. a year, and bad 

 25 scholars in 1852. The town-house is a neat building. In the 

 neighbouring mountainous district are extensive iron-works and alate- 

 quarries. Laige flocks of sheep are fed on the hills and plains in the 

 district The market is on Monday. Fain are held on Easter 

 Monday, the Monday before Ascension Day, Whit-Monday, and 

 October 2nd. 



Htjfwood is chiefly on the left bank of the river Rocb, about S miles 

 from Bury and Rochdale respectively, population 12,194 ; it owes its 

 Importance chiefly to the cotton manufacture. Besides numerous 

 ootton-mills, there are iron-foundries, coal-mines, rope-works, and a 

 manufactory of powet^looms. There ore two chapels of the Establiah- 

 ment, chapels for Baptists, Independents, Wesleyan, Primitive, New 

 Connexion, and Association Methodists, and Swedenborgians ; National 

 and Inlant schools, a Swedenborgian school, a mechanics institute, and 

 a aavinfpi bank. At Heywood is a station of the Lancashire and Tork- 

 shira railway, and a cut liom the Rochdale Canal communicates with 

 thevOlag*. 



nindUy, 15 milea W. by N. from Manchester, population of the 

 town 5265, has several cotton factories and collieries in the vicinity. 



Hindlav poaseaaea an old Episcopal chapel, chapels for Wealeyan 

 ethodists and Roman Catholica, and an Infant school. 



Met! 



Uoneich, 16 milea N.W. from Manchester, popuUUon of the town 

 3104, haa a chapel of the Establishment, chapels for Independents 

 aad Wealayan Methodists, and National and Inbnt schools. Cotton- 

 spinning, coal-mining, and the making of fire-bricks are the chief 

 oecupauons. 



ffombjf, 10 mQas N.E. trom Lancaster, population of the township 

 874, once a market-town of some importanoe, stands in the midst of 

 a rich gracing district, on the banks of the river Wenniug, near ita 

 junction with the Lnne. Hornby CasUe, near the town, the ancient 

 seat of the Stanleys, Barons Monteagla, has been rebuilt, and is now 

 fitted up aa a modem mansion. There are a neat Episoopal chapel 

 with an octagonal tower, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a i'Tee school 

 in Hornby. A handsome stone bridge crosees Uie Wenning. The 

 market, held on alternate Taaadays chiefly for oatUe, is well attended : 

 there is a yearly fair. 



Lytkam, on the right bank of the testnary of the Ribble, 26 miles 

 S. by W. from Lancaster, population of the parish 2698, is much 

 resorted to io summer for sea-bathing. There is a fine promenade 

 along the beaoh. Beddea the parish church, which was erected in 

 1771, there are in I^tham St John's church, erected in 1884 ; chapels 

 for Weal^an Metbodists and Roman Catholics ; and n Charity 

 school There is a small shipping business at Lytham Fool, aflurding 

 some employment for ship-carpenters, block-maken, and sail-maken. 

 A branch of the Preston and Wire railway runs to Lytham. There 

 are baths, assembly- and billiard-rooms, and other accommodations 

 used at bathing towns. 



!fewlothin-Mal-er/ltld, or Newton-in-Ae-WiUovi, is situated about 15 

 miles W. from Manchester, by the Manchester and Liverpool railway : 

 the population of Newton in 1851 was 8719. The market, which had 

 been long discontinued, has been restored. An obelisk marks the site 

 of an ancient market cross. Fain for cattie and horses an held on 

 May 17th and August 11th and 12th. In the town is an ancient 

 court-house. Newton was a borough by prescription, and returned 

 two memben to Parliament fWim the 1st of Elimbeth, but was dis- 

 franchised by the Reform Act Besides the parish church there an 

 a chapel for Independents, a Orammar school, and on lufiuit schooL 

 Cotton-mills, flour-milU, iron-foundries, and an extensive glass-manu- 

 factory, affurd em)>loyment Brick-making is carried on. 



Poulton, or Poullon-le-Pj/lde, a market-town in the Fylde district, 

 sitoated on an elevation, about 2 miles from the left bank of the 

 SDstuary of the Wire, 21 miles S.S.W. from Lancaster : population of 

 the township, 1120. The church was rebuilt about 1757, except the 

 tower, which is of the time of Charles I. The Wesleyan Methodists 

 and Uomau Catholics buve places of wonhip. A Free school was 

 founded in 1717 for boys and girls; an apprentice fund for poor boys 

 was also provided by the founder of the Free school. The market- 

 day is Monday : three yearly fairs are held. Poultou possesses a 

 savinga bank. 



RadcUffe, 6 miles N.N.W. from Manchester : population of the town, 

 5002. Ginghams, checks, ticks, and fustians are largely manvifactured ; 

 and there ore calico printing-works and collieries. The parish church 

 is an ancient structure : there arc a chapel of ease, two chapels for 

 Wesleyan Methodists, and National and Infant schools. Near Iladcliire 

 are the ruins of a tower erected in the reign of Henry IV. 



Saint Helen't, in Prescot parish, 22 miles W. by S. from Manchester, 

 population of the town 14,866, is a straggling ill-built place : it is 

 liguted with gas. There ore two established churches and a chapel 

 of ease ; chapels for Independents, Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, 

 Quaken, and Roman Catiiolics ; several National and British schools. 

 Infant schools, a Free school, and a school for Roman Catholics. The 

 town-hall in the marketj>lace contains assembly-rooms and a news- 

 room. The British Plate-Olsss Company's establishment at Ravenhead, 

 the works for smelting copper-ore belonging to the proprietors of the 

 Parys Mine in Anglesey, chemical works, potteries, iron and brass 

 foundries, and a brewery, aSbrd employment Rope-making and tan- 

 ning are carried on. A customary market is held on Saturday : there 

 are two yearly fairs. A county court is held in the town. The 

 Liverpool and Manchester railway and the Sankey Canal pass near the 

 town, and a railway goes to Runcorn Gap on the Mersey. 



Soiuhf>orl, 22 miles N. from Liverpool, or 184 milea by railway, 

 population 4765, situated in a flat district on the coast at the mouth 

 of the Ribble, is a favourite bathing place. The main street of the 

 village is well lighted with gas and paved, and there is a spacious 

 promenade. In the village are three churches, two Independent 

 chapels, and one each for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, Quaken, 

 and Roman Catholics; Church, Wesleyan, National, and British schoola 

 The usual accommodations for vlsiton are amply provided, and there 

 are medical and other charities. 



TgUUiley, about 10 miles W. by N. from Manchester, population of 

 the town 3608, has a large and handsome church, with a tower and 

 spirs, together 150 feet high; chapela for Wesleyan Methodists and 

 the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion ; a National school, and a 

 mechanics institution with a library. Coal-mines, cotton-factories, 

 and flour-mills give considerable employment 



The following are among the ^ore important villages ; the popula- 

 tions, when not otherwise designated, are those of the paiiahea in 

 1861 :— 



AsQTOitiH-MAKiRruaj). Bacup, 16 miles N. from Manchester, 

 population of the Tillage 6981 in 1851, has extensive cotton factories, 

 several dyeing establishments, brass and iron foundriea, woollen, 

 woollen-printing, and fulling-mills, and an extensive com-miU. In 

 the vicinity are numerous coal-mine*. There are in Bacup a chapel 

 belonging to the Establishmsnt ; two chaptls for BajptisU; ohapela 



