﻿Ml 



LANDEWEDNACK. 



LANGUEDOC. 



463 



Englieh held it from the 12th to the 15th century, when they were 

 finally driven from Gascogne by Charles VII. St.-Esprit, in the 

 Bouth-westem extremity of the department, and on the right bank of 

 the Adour, here crossed by a long wooden bridge which joins the 

 town to Bayonne, is a large busy town, with a population of 7324, by 

 far the greater part of whom are descendants of Jewish refugees from 

 Spain. The citadel of St-Esprit, constructed by Vauban, commands 

 the town of Bayonne, and the approaches to it by land and sea. 

 [Batoune.] The Jews have 3 synagogues here, in one of which a 

 Babbi preaches every day in Spanish. Peyrthorade, on the right bank 

 of the Gave-de-Pau, which here becomes navigable and a few miles 

 lower down enters the Adour, has 2742 inhabitants. It has a fine old 

 castle flanked with towers. Large stores of ship-timber from the forests 

 of the Pyrenees are kept here; there are also important quarries in 

 the neighbourhood. Souttoru, on the eastern shore of the lagime of 

 Soustons, 17 miles W. from Dax, has a population of 2783. 



The department forms the see of the bbhop of Aire, is comprised 

 in the jurisdiction of the High Court of Pau, within the limits of the 

 University Academy of Bordeaux, and belongs to the 13th Military 

 Division, of which Bayonne is head-quarters. It retums 2 members 

 to the Legislative Body of the French Empire. 



(Dictionnairt de la France; Annuairepour VAn 1849; SUUittique de 

 la France ; Official Paptrt.) 



LANDEWEDNACK. [CORimMJ..] 



LANDUECY. [Nobd.] 



LANDSCKONA, a small fortified seaport town in Sweden, on the 

 shore of the Sound, is situated at nearly an equal distance between 

 Cape KuUer and the town of Halmo, and opposite the small island of 

 Hven, in 55° 61' N. lat., 12° 8' E. long., and has about 4000 inhabit- 

 ants. Its harbour is spacious and safe. Being situated nearly oppo- 

 site the capital of Denmark, the harbour as well as the town arc well 

 fortified. It carries on a considerable trade in com, and has some 

 manufactures of tobacco and starch, and also some sugar-houses, tan- 

 neries, and soap-houses. 



LANDSHUT, one of the prettiest towns in the kingdom of Bavaria, 

 is situated in 48* 30' N. lat, 12' 7' E. long., in a delightful country 

 on the right bank of the Isar, which is here crossed by two bridges. 

 The principal portion of the town consists of two long, broad, and 

 straight streets, connected by a number of narrower ones. The houses 

 are well built of brick, lofty, many of them with pointed gables. The 

 town has a very picturesque character, owing to its antique architec- 

 ture and the number of its towers. The open parts are two market- 

 places and the parade-square. The most remarkable buildings are the 

 palace, the house of the provincial assembly, an hospital, and two 

 parish churches, of which St. Martin's is celebrated for its beautiful 

 steeple, 456 feet high, and one of the loftiest in Germany. On a hill 

 overlooking the town is the ancient castle of Trausnitz, which was 

 formerly a strong fortress, and the residence of the dukes of Bavaria : 

 in this castle Frederick of Austria was confined for three years by Lewis 

 the Bavarian. On the declivity of this hill is the botanic garden. A 

 saborb is built on an island formed by the Isar. In the year 1800 the 

 university of Ingoldstadt was transferred to Landshut, but in 132)) it 

 was removed to Munich. There are however still a Catholic theo- 

 loKical school, a gymnasium, a lycenm, and a chirurgical clinical 

 school. There are manufactories of woollen cloth, leather, hosiery, 

 starch, playing-cards, snuff, and tobacco, but all on a small scale ; the 

 breweries and distilleries are however extensive. Landshut was 

 formerly an important fortress. It has accordingly siiffered severely 

 in times of war. The population is about 9500. 



LANDVISIAU. [FnrisTiRE.] 



LANE-END. [Lomotos.] 



LANESBOROUGH. [Losofobd.] 



LANGDALE. [Westmoblahd.I 



LANGEAIS. [ISORE-ET-LOIRB.] 



LANGELAND. [FUsen.] 



LANGEXSALZA. [Erfurt.] 



LANGHOLM. [Dumfriesshike.] 



LANGLEY, ABBO-FS and KING'S. [Hertfobdshibe.] 



LANGON. [GiRONDE.] 



LANGPORT, Somersetahire, a borough and market-town and the 

 seat of a Poor- Law Union, in the parish of Langport Eastover, is situ- 

 ated in 61° 2' N. lat., 2° 41»' W. long., distant 38 miles S.W. by S. from 

 Bath, and 123 miles W. by S. from London. The population of the 

 parish in 1851 was 1117. The borough is governed by a portreeve 

 and capital bnigesses. The living is a perpetual curacy annexed to 

 the vicarage of Huish Episcopi, in the archdeaconiy of Wells and 

 diocese of Bath and Wells. Langport Poor-Law Union contains 

 29 parishes and townships, with an area of 58,485 acres, and a popu- 

 lation in 1851 ofl8,4«8. 



"^he town of Langport is built at the junction of the Ivel and 

 Parret, on the slope and at the foot of a hill : the lower part of the 

 town near the Parret is liable to be flooded. The principal street 

 leads down the hill to the Parret, over which is a handsome bridge of 

 three arches. The town is well lighted with gas and paved through- 

 out. The village of Huish Episcopi, or Bishop's Huish, forms a part 

 of Langport. The ancient guildhall and market-place is a neat 

 bonding. Langport church consists of nave, chancel, north and south 

 aisles, two chapels, and a vestry-room, with a good western tower. 



The road to Yeovil passes under an ancient building with an ai-ched 

 gateway ; this building ia popularly called ' Hanging Chapel ; ' it is 

 now used as a museum. There are chapels for Independents, Bible 

 Christians, and the Plymouth Brethren. The Grammar school, 

 founded in 1675, has been further endowed, and a new school-room 

 built : the school is free to children of the inhabitants : the number 

 of scholars in 1852 wa.s 60. There is also a National school. On a 

 bridge near the middle of the town is the register-office, au elegant 

 little building. There is also a public reading-room and library. On 

 the banks of the Parret Navigation Company's canal are extensive 

 wharfs. The market is on Saturday; there are four yearly fairs. 

 Langport sent members to Parliament in the reign of Edward I. A 

 coiraty court is held here. 



LANGRES, a town in France, capital of the second arrondissement 

 in the department of Haute-Mame. This town takes its name from 

 the Lingonee, a Celtic people, whose capital it was. They were 

 among the tribes who, in the time of Caesar, embraced the Roman 

 alliance, and they retained a considerable degi-ee of liberty even under 

 the emperors. "Their chief town was called Andomatunum ; in the 

 later period of the Roman empire it was called, after the name of the 

 people, Lingones ; in old French the name is written Langone and 

 Langoine, and thence by corruption came Langres. It was a place of 

 great importance under the Romans : many antiquities have been 

 found; and there yet remain the ruins of triumphal arches, and 

 vestiges of several Roman roads. The Alemanni were defeated with 

 terrible slaughter under the walls of Langres in a.d. 29S by the 

 Romans under Constantius, the father of Constantine the Great. 

 The town was taken and burnt by Attila, and afterwards by the Van- 

 dals in A.D. 407. Rebuilt, it was next seized by the Burguudians. It 

 was afterwards the head of a county in the possession of the dukes 

 of Bar, from whom Hugues III., duke of Bourgogue, purchased it in 

 A.D. 1179, and gave it to his uncle Qanthier, bishop of Laugres. 

 Louis VII. erected the county into a duchy, and the bishops of 

 Langres were peers of France down to 1830. In 1814 Langres 

 capitulated to the Austrians. 



Langres te situated in 47° 51' 63' N. Ut, S" 19' 65" E. long., at a 

 distance of 158 miles S.E. from Paris, and has 8646 inhabitants. The 

 town, built on the watershed between the Meditemmean and the 

 Atlantic, near the sources of the Mame, the Meuse, the Amonce, and 

 the Vingeanne, occupies a higher site than any other town in France, 

 except Brian9on. It la surrounded by old walls, and is pretty well 

 built, with wide streets, and is ornamented with fountains and pro- 

 menades. The most remarkable structures are the cathedral, part of 

 which dates from A.D. 380 ; the town-hall ; and a Roman triumphal 

 arch, which makes part of the town-wall. The greatest ornament of 

 the town is the promenade called Blanche-Fontaine, which is formed 

 of an avenue of magnificent limes, nearly a mile in length, and 

 terminates in a majestic vaulted arcade, from the top of which a 

 colossal frog in bronze continually spouts a mass of limpid water that 

 feeds several basins and jets. The public library of 7000 volumes is 

 in the town-hall : there is a museum in the old church of St.-Didier. 

 The chief manufacture of Langres is cutlery ; there is also a consider- 

 able trade in corn, flour, wine, flax, hemp, wool, &c. The town hsu) 

 given title to a blihop since the 3rd century ; its diocese is coextensive 

 with the dcportmeut of Haute-Manic. It is the seat of tribunals of 

 first instance and of commerce, and has two ecclesiastical schools, a 

 college, and three hospitals, 



LANGUEDOC, one of the most extensive and important of the 

 provinces into which, before the revolution, France was divided. It 

 was bounded N. by Lyounais and Auvergne, and by Rouergue and 

 Querci, subdivisions of Guyenne ; E. by the Rhduc, which separated 

 it from DauphiniS and Provence ; S. by the Mediterranean, the pro- 

 vince of Roussillon, and the Pyrenees ; and W. by Quienne and 

 Qascogne. Its extent, as described above, includes the county of 

 Foix, which is a subdivision of it, though it constituted a separate 

 military government previous to the revolution. Its subdivisions and 

 area, exdusive of Foix, were as follows : — 



District. Capital. Square Miles, 



Vivarals. . . Viviers 2201 



Baser. , . , Limoux 790 



CarcaMcs , . Carcassone , . . .561 

 Lauragiiais . . Castclnaudary and Lavaar , . 063 



Telay , . . Le I'uy 013 



Oevandan . ' . , Mcnde 2027 



And the following dioceses : — 



Mimes 1240 



Vtti 116S 



Toulouse 1090 



MontpcUler 707 



Lodivo 272 



Bczicrs 897 



Narbonnc 143.^ 



Alby 1923 



Montauban (part of) 208 



Total 10,119 



The province now forms the departments of Aodb, Tarn, Herault, 

 LoziRE, Ard^cbe, and Gars, together with the arrondissements of 



