﻿LAVOBO, TKBRA DL 



LBAMIKOTON PRIORS. 



for U>« purity and coMimm of iU watan «nd for iU trout, 



Jafaa Um Uri on th« loil fatuik, afk«r formioj; loma bMutiful cmcmIm 

 •ad driving (ha maohinerjr of a larg* papar factory. Cioero'a Arpine 

 rilla atood naar tlis Fibreuu4 ; tha chiuroh of the mooaatary of San 

 Domaaioo Abate ia built out of iU ruini. llirea milea down the rirer 

 ftom Sots b Itoln, a thriving town of 4000 inhabitant, built on an 

 Uaod formed by two branohae of tha Liri, at tha bww of a hi!{b plat- 

 form orownad by an old feudal oaatla of the dukaa of Sora. The arma 

 of the river leaping down 100 feet perpendicularly on aaoh aide of 

 the ca»tlr, form two of the fineet oaaoadea in Italy ; and at tha lower 

 end of the town the principal branch of the river " rushea down au 

 iaaUnaii plane many hundred feet in lenKth, forming a muieatio oom- 

 Vhw Wm of CMoade and oataraot." (Hlowitt, ' Southern Italy.') leola 

 k fluBOiM for the atatueeque beauty of ita women. It haa important 

 eloth-, linen-, and paper-milla, which are worked by water-power 

 derived from the river at the foot of the faU. A little farther couth 

 b ilrce, a cnatom-bouae atation, at the foot of a ataep hill crowned 

 with the fortnaa of Rocoa d'Aroe, which oooupiea the aita of the 

 ancient Ant. There are many remains of polygonal walls on the bill. 

 The eoontry between Arce aud Sora is in many parta very beautiful, 

 abounding in vinee, alma, and poplai^trees of exoeedingly fine growth, 

 and preeenting almoct at every turn some remains of antiquity. 



Arpimo, the ancient .irpHimn, the birthplace of Cicero and Marius ; 

 and Aquino, the birthplace of Juvenal and St Thomaa Aquinas, are 

 described in arparate artiolee. [Arpino ; Aqcittuu.] 



Between Arpino and Aquino flows the Helfa, the ancient Helfis, a 

 feeder of the Qarigliano, as the Liri is colleil after ita junction with 

 the Saooo. The roads in all this part of the province are excellent, 

 and the {dain la oovered with rich com and maize fields, and large 

 vineyarda interspemd with magnificent elms and oaks. On a hill 

 high up among the bleak Apenninea, and far above the plain of the 

 Melfa, stands the city of Atina, which retains ita ancient site and 

 Dame. Atina was a very ancient Volscian (subsequently Samnite) 

 town. Virgil speaks of it as powerful long before the foundation of 

 Rome (' ^n..' viL 630). It was a floiiriebing and populous place in 

 the time of Cicero and durinc; the empire. The extent and magnitude 

 of the Cyclopean walls which inclosed the whole platform of the hill 

 attest the ancient importance of the place. Of later works there are 

 remains of a grand Roman aqueduct, ruins of temples, and numerous 

 sepulchral monuments and inscriptions. Several of the streets retain 

 their ancient pavement, and there is a gateway of Roman architecture 

 called Port*-Aurea. Atina, surrounded by bleak Apennines, has a 

 desolate aspect ; it is one of the coldest places in tlie kingdom. The 

 modem city, which occupies but a small part of the ancient iucloaure, 

 has a cathedral, a convent, an hospital, and about 6000 inhabitants. 



Near the source of the lUpido -a small feeder of the Oarigliano, 

 8 miles E. from Aquino, stands ^tn-Gcrmano on part of the site of 

 the ancient Cannttm, and has about 5600 inhabitants. On a height 

 above the town is the old turreted castle of San-Qermano, famous in 

 the wara of Manfred and Charles of Anjou. San-Germano is interest- 

 ing for ita healthy and charming situation, but more so for ita ancient 

 remains, among which are a small amphitheatre in nnnsu.'vlly perfect 

 preeervation ; ruins of a temple, a theatre, and a sepulchral monu- 

 ment, with considerable portions of ancient pavements, still showing 

 the rat of chariot wheels, and some parta of the ancient walls. Casi- 

 nnm was originally a Volscian, next a Samnite, and then a Roman 

 town. It received a Roman colony, probably a 'colonia civium,' 

 B.O. 812. Hannibal encamped in ita territory, which he ravage<I for 

 two daya, but he made no attempt to take the town. The district 

 between the city and the Liris was extremely fertile, and particularly 

 famous fur its olives ; it was portioned out among military oolonista 

 in the second Triumvirate. The town continued to flourish during 

 the empire ; it was taken and in great part destroyed by the Lombards 

 in the 6th century. On ita niins rose the modem town. 



On the summit of the lofty hill above San-Oermano, at the distance 

 of about two miles, stands the celebrated monastery of Monte Caiino, 

 founded by St. Benedict A.D. 629, on the site of a temple of Apollo. 

 This monastery, the most ancient in Europe, is a massive pile, without 

 much pretension to architectural beauty, but imposing for its great 

 magnitude and general simplicity. It consista of several quadrangles 

 connected by arcades. In the central quadrangle, round which a 

 eloister runs, supported by ancient granite columns, stands the abbey 

 church, which for the tasteful elegance and costliness of ita decorations 

 ia unequalled in Italy. The interior is adorned with rich marbles, 

 paintings, and mowdca. The choir is lined with walnut-wood 

 •zqoiaitely carved ; fifty corinthian columns separate the stalls, the 

 backs of which are carved in every variety of pattern with flowers, 

 birds, and foliage ; under the high altar, which is richly decorated 

 with precious atones, lie the remains of St Benedict and his nister 

 St SchoUstioa : the organ ia the finest in Italy. The library numbers 

 above 10,000 select volnmes, and is famous for classical and other 

 HMBHiaeripta ; it contains also the arohivca of the monastery, not the 

 lassl intovating portion of tha collection. The monastery waa for- 

 meriy rich in paintinga, but the beat of theae have been taken away 

 to adora the gallery of Naples. The inmatea of the monastery must 

 be of noble nmily and independent fortune : the revenue of the 

 •stabliahment, formerly about 100,000 duoata, now hardly exceeds 

 S0,000, but the oourtaoiu hospitality of the brethren to strangers 



oontinuea unabated. The view from the monastery over tha rich and 

 well cultivated plain of the Oarigliano and the neighbouring moimtaina 

 ia exteuaive and beautiful. 



Venafro, 11 miles El from San-Oermano, stands near the wa at ain 

 edge of the basin of the Voltnrao on tha lower alopaa of the Santa 

 Crooe Mountains, which are still covered with olives as they were In 

 the time of Horace. It givea title to a biabop, and haa about 4000 

 inhabitants. The city retaina tha name though it stands a little 

 below the site of ancimt Venafmm, of which there remain only some 

 vestiges of an amphitheatre, a portion of the polygonal walls, and 

 some inscriptions. Above the town are a feudal oaatle belonging to 

 the Caracciuli, dukea of Miranda, and an old ruined tower. Tha wild 

 boar ia bunted in the hills about Venafro. 



In the valley of the Oarigliano on both sides of that river, between 

 the mouths of the Melfa and tha Rapido, is an isolated dirtriot, 

 belonging to the States of the Church, and called Panttcorro from the 

 chief town in it This district is included in the delegation of 

 Froaiuone. It is fertile in com and olives ; somewhat hilly towards 

 the north-west, and liaa a population of 7500. The town of Ponte- 

 corvo, founded in the 9th century, fell under the power of the 

 Normans, and was sold in the 12th centunr by Robert count of 

 Cajazzo to the monastery of Monte Casino, la 1460 it paaaed under 

 the direct protection of the Pope. It was aeited by Carlo Borbone 

 in 1758 ; Napoleon I. present«d it to Beraadotte with the title of 

 duke. At the Congress of Vienna it was united to the States of the 

 Church. In the town are an old feudal caatle,« cathedral, a fine 

 bridge over the Oarigliano, and an hospital. The sees of Ponteoorvo, 

 Aquino, and Sora are united under the aame bishop. Nearly opposite 

 Ponteoorvo, on the left tiank of the Liri, are the ruina of Inleramna- 

 JArinat, an'old Volscian city, colonised by the Romans B.c. 818. 

 Hannibal in his march from C'«pua against Rome(B.a 212) laid waste 

 its territory ; and soon after Interamna refused to furnish Rome with 

 any further snppliea. It subsequently passed into the state of a 

 mtmicipal town having lost its colonial rank. The spot on which it 

 stood, though entirely deserted, is still called Terame. It presents 

 many remains of ancient buildings, with portions of walls, streets, and 

 aqueducts. 



(Petroni ; Neigebaur ; Serristori ; Hoars ; 

 Romanelli ; Blewitt, Uandbook of Soalh Italy ; 

 and Roman Ocograjthy.) 



LAWRENCE, ST.; RIVER. [Cajiada.] 



LAWRENCEBUUO. [Indiasa.] 



LAYBACH. [KnAitf.] 



LAYER-DE-LA-HAY, and LAYER MARNEY. 



LEADHILLS. [Lanarkshire.] 



LEAMINGTON PRI0K3, Warwickshire, a market-town and inland 

 watering-place, in the psriah of Leamington Priors, is situated in 

 52° 18' N. lat, 1° 80' W. long., distant about 2 miles E. from War- 

 wick, 92 miles N.W. from London by road, and 97 J miles by the 

 London and North-Westem railway. The population of the town in 

 1851 was 15,692. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconiy of 

 Coventry and diocese of Worcester. For sanitary purposes the town 

 ia under the management of a Local Board of Health. 



Leamington as a town is quite of modem date. Its mineral waters 

 were noticed by Camden and Dugdale, though their valuable medicinal 

 qualitiea were first publicly recognised by Dr. Kerr of Northampton 

 in 1784, whose recommendation attracted a few patients, and mora 

 prominently by Dr. Lambe, about 1797. In 1811 Leamington con- 

 tained but 60 houses, and 548 inhabitants. Ita growth has since been 

 very rapid. The town is situated in the valley of the Lcam, in a 

 situation sheltered by gentle and well-wooded declivities, and consists 

 of two parte, the new and the old town, separated from each other by 

 the lawn, gardens, and shrubberies of the Royal Spa, and by the river 

 Learn, which joins the Avon about a mile below the town. The soil 

 ia dry and absorbent ; the strata through which the waters peroolato 

 are of the new red-sandstone formation. The springs are saline, sul- 

 phureous, and chalybeato, containing, in varying proportions, oxygen, 

 azote, and carbonic acid gases, the sulphureous springs containing also 

 sulphuretted hydrogen, with sulphate of soda ; the chlorides of sodium, 

 calcinum, and magnesia ; nud in some instances ulica, peroxide of iron, 

 and traces of iodine and bromine. The ordinary season for using the 

 waters is from May to October. 



Leamington contains many new streets regularly laid out, terrace*, 

 squares, crescents, and parades, chiefly in the new town, which is on 

 the north side of the Lcam. The river is crossed by a handsome stone 

 bridge. The town is well paved and lighted with gas. The old well or 

 spring noticed by Camden haa a neat pump-room over it Since 1784 

 new springs have been discovered, and in connection with these other 

 establishments for drinking the waters or bathing, of which the Royal 

 Spa is the principal, have been formed in dificrent parte of the town. 

 Theae establiahmente have hot, cold, vapour, aud shower baths, and 

 pump-rooms. The parish church, recently rebuilt in the decorated 

 and perpendicular styles, is a very elegant structure. Trinity church 

 is another handrome new church. 'The churches of St Mary and 

 Milverton, and the Episcopal chapel, are of little architectural merit 

 The Weslevan Methodists, Independents, Baptisto, Countess of 

 Huntingdon s Connexion, and Roman Catholics have places of wor- 

 ship. There are National, British, and Inbnt schools, and a school 



Keppel Craven ; 

 Diciionari/ of Orecl 



[BssKX.] 



