﻿«n 



LBIRIA. 



LEITRIM. 



of abov* SOO, meat at Laipsig to aattU their aoooanU, ke. ; and thb 

 ni«»itinK hu Mquirad «dititloiwl importuoe by (be eetebliahmeDt of » 

 BookaaTlen' Excbwigv, « buidiome buililing, opened in Mer, 18M. 

 Umiw are in tbe dty about 130 publiahiiig eitnblidimaata, and S8 great 

 printing-hooMa, with 260 pr«e n a, 14 of wbiob are worked by iteam. 



lu September 1631 the great riotoiy obtained by Ouatarui Adolphoi 

 over Tilly waa fought on the plain of Leipaig. In 1642 the otty wa* 

 b e« i ege d by the Swediah geneial Tonteixon, ail«r defeating the 

 imperial army under the Arahduke Leopold William and Pioeolomini, 

 who came to ita relief In the fearful battle of Leipzig, fought on the 

 16th, 17th. and 18th of October, 1813, Napoleon I. waa totally defeated 

 bv tlM allied armiee under Prince Schwanenberg. Oeaner, Emesti, 

 nad«r, and Beiake have been rectors of the schools of Leipxig ; and 

 Leiboits, Thomasius, Kabriciua, and Teller were natives of this city. 



(Leonbartli, UetckidUt und Bfckmbung dtr Kreittladt Leiptig, 

 Leipsig, I7U9; DoU, Venack einer Oackiehli txm Leiptig, Leipzig, 

 1818 : Dretscbel, Leiptig und tine Umgtbtmgtn, Leipzig, 1828.) 



LKIKIA. rEsTHKtUDURA ; PORTUOAL.] 



LEITH, Kiliuburghshire, Scotland, a sea-port town and n municipal 

 and parliniiit'Dtiiry burgh, is situated on tbe buiikB of tbe Water of 

 Leith, at ita coiitluencu with the Frith of Furth, in S5° 58' N. lat, 3° 9' 

 W. lung., about 2 miles N.E. from Edinburgh. Tbe population of 

 the municipal burgh or town of Leith in 18S1 was 30,919. The burgh 

 ia governed by 4 bailies and 12 counoillora, of whom one is provost; 

 and, conjointly with Portobello and Musselburgh, returns one member 

 to the Imperial Parlinment. 



Leith is mentioned as early aa the reign of David I., and has for 

 several centuries maintained a respectable rank among the maritime 

 towna of Scotland. In 1313, and again in 1410, the English burned 

 the vessels in the harbour. In 1541 the town was fired, and almost 

 destroyed, by the English fleet In 1549 the French, in the interest 

 of Mary of Ouise, took possession of the town. In 1560 the forces of 

 Queen Elizabeth besieged it, in conjunction with the Scottish Protes- 

 tant forces under the Lords of the Congregatiou. Leith fort was 

 repaired, and a citadel, with 5 bastions, erected by CromweU. In 1715 

 the citadel was held for a short time by the adherents of the Pretender. 

 In 1822 George IV. landed on tbe pier. 



The town is irregularly built, and in some parts not well paved ; 

 in the older portions of the town the streets are narrow and incon- 

 reuient, and the bouses closely built ; of late years some good streets 

 and numerous dwelling-houses of a superior character have been 

 erected, particularly in the neighbourhood of the Links, on the 

 south-east side of the town. The town is lighted with gas, and has 

 a good supply of water. Two draw-bridges and a stone bridge over 

 the Water of Leith connect North Leith and South Leith. Among 

 the public buildings are the town-ball, or court-house, erected m 

 1 828, in which are held the burgh and sheriff courts ; the exchange 

 buildings, a Urvcian structure, containing commodious assembly-rooms, 

 readiug-rooms, and the post-office; the Trinity-house, or mariner's 

 hospital, erected in 1817; the custom-house, on the west side of the 

 harbour, erected in 1812, at a cost of 12,000/. ; the female asylum for 

 incurables, erected by the late Sir John Gladstone, Bart, of Fasque, 

 a native of Leith ; and a new poor-house for the parish of South 

 i<eith. The pariah church of South Leith, erected probably about 

 1490, has been recently repaired at an expense of about 3000t North 

 Leith Church is a neat and spacious modem structure in the Grecian 

 style, erected in 1814 at a cost of 12,000/. St Thomas's church was 

 built and endowed by Sir John Gladstone, in connection with the 

 asylum erected by him. The Free Church has four chapels, besides 

 the Marinars' church ; the United Presbyterians have four chapels, 

 and there are oue each for Original Seceders, Wesleyan Methodists, 

 Episcopalians, Independents, the Evangeliod Union, and Roman 

 CatholieSL There are several public schooU including the High school, 

 which is conducted by six teachers, and is uuder the management of 

 the town-oouucit and the miuistera of South i«ith ; Dr. BeU's school, 

 in whicb about 700 children receive instruction on the Madras 

 ■ystem ; and a Charity school for boys. There are also a savings 

 oank, a public library comprising 8000 volumes, belonging to 136 

 annual subscribers, and a mechanics subscription library. The incor- 

 pocmted trades are the ship-masters, usually termed the Trinity House, 

 oombining the features of a benefit society with those of a board for 

 B e mwin g pilots; the traffickers, or merchant company; and the 

 oouvenety of trades, lepresentinc eight trades. The position of the 

 town near the mouth of the eestnary of tbe Forth causes considerable 

 difficulty iu keeping the harbour clear from accumulations of sand 

 brought down by the river. Great expense has been at various 

 periods inoumd to deepen the harbour, and render it commodious 

 for flipping. For this purpose two wet-docks were constructed and 

 opoied, one in 1806, the other in 1817, each 250 yards long, and 100 

 yarda broad ; three dry, or ^ving docks, 136 feet by 46 feet, were also 

 made, and the eastern pier was carried out on a level with tbe 

 Xartello Tower. The eastern pier, which is constructed in part of 

 timber, azteods about 3000 feet into tbe Fritb, and forms a fine 

 promaoade. A new pier, nearly parallel to the old one, waa erected in 

 1862, and ■aothar wet-dock to the north of the previous existing 

 •Mtem dock, waa oonstmoted. The new dock ia of nearly simibu- 

 ■iw to the other docks, bat tbe depth of water is greater. These 

 opMatioM hsT* oMiMd • ooBiid wb U apanditauNk ^ whieh gorsm- 



ment has largely oontribtited, but greatly increased aocomniodation 

 has been afforded to the shipping. A large proportion of the Leith 

 vessels is engaged in the Baltic trade. Steamers sail from Leith to 

 various porta in the Frith of Forth, to the east and north of Scotland, 

 to Hull, to London, Hamburg, and Rotterdam. The number and 

 tonnage of vessels registered at the port of Leith on December Slst, 

 1863, were:— Under SO tons 79, tonnage 2350; above 50 tons 102, 

 tonnage 22,007 : steam-vessels, 13, of 274 tons, and 16 of 3672 tons. 

 In the ooaating<-trade, during 1853, there entered tbe port 1069 

 sailing-vessels of 66,931 tons, and 614 steam-vessels of 182,496 tona 

 During 1853 there cl<-ared out 784 sailing-vaaMis of 55,387 tons, and 

 616 ateam-vasseU of 184,059 tons. In the colonial trade 24 veesels 

 of 7993 tons entered, and 8U veaseU of 11,807 tons cleared from the 

 port In the foreign trade there entered 386 British vessels of 34,323 

 tons, and 891 foreign vessels of 86,912 tons ; and there cleared out 86 

 British vessels of 14,696 tons, and 265 foreign vessels of 38,769 tons; 

 with 78 British steam-vessels of 18,006 tons, and 2 foreign steam-vessels 

 of 320 tons inwards, and 73 British steam-vessels of 16,965 tons, and 1 

 foreign steam-vessel of 160 tons outwards. The chief imports are 

 flax, tallow, hides, hemp, wiues, Jtc. In Leith are several rope, 

 cordage, and sail-cloth manufactories, and sail-making establiahmenta ; 

 ship-building yards and slips ; oil and oolourworks; chemical works; 

 glass-works ; soap and candle factories ; an extensive meat preserving 

 establishment ; corn-mills ; iron-foundLries ; engineering works ; and 

 other establishments. Leith has communication by the North Britiah 

 and the Edinburgh and Northern railways with all parts of the 

 kingdom. 



LEITMERITZ, an episcopal town in Bohemia, ia situated on the 

 slope of a hill above the left bank of the Elbe, in 50° 30' N. Ut, 

 14° 5' E. long., and has about 5000 inhabitants. The Elbe is here 

 navigable, and spanned by a bridge 843 feet in length. The town is 

 surroimded with walls and a moat. It has a very fine cathe<lral, 

 dedicated to St Stephen, and eleveu churches, the princi|<al of whiuh 

 is All Saints ; an episcopal palace, a handsome towu-boll, a gymuosiuui, 

 a theological seminary, &c. The surrounding district is extremely 

 fertile ; it is laid out in corn-fields, vineyards, hup-gnrdeiis, aud 

 orchards ; the best Bohemian wines are produced in the neighbour- 

 hood, and vast quantities of fruit The town has an active trade in 

 corn, fish, and wine. Tbe Elbe contains stuigeon, shad, aud salmon. 

 The bridge across the Elbe connects tbe town with Lobositz, a station 

 on the Dresden-Prag railway, distant 66 miles S. by E. from Dresden, 

 and 53 miles N. by W. from Prag. 



LEITRIM, a maritime county of the province of Connaught in 

 Ireland, is bounded N. by the Bay of Donegal and by the counties of 

 Donegal and Fermanagh, E. by Fermanagh, Cavan, and Longford, 

 S. by Longford, and W. by Roscommon and Sligo. It lies between 

 63° 47' and 64° 27' N. lat, 7° 35' and 8° 25' W. long., and extends 

 from north-west to south-east 51 miles, with a breadth varying from 

 Si to 21 miles. The area is 613 square miles, or 392,363 acres, of 

 whicb 249,350 acres are arable, 3396 acres in plantations, and 23,784 

 acres under water. In 1831 the population was 141,624 ; in 1841 it 

 wss 155,297 ; in 1861 it was 111,841. 



Tbe outline of Leitrim is very irregular. Lough Allen stretohes 

 across the narrowest part of the county, dividing it into two nearly 

 equal parts. The district lyiug south and eaat of Lough Allen is an 

 irregular parallelogram of about 18 by 20 miles, the western and 

 Bouth-weetem sides of which are formed by the lake and the line of 

 the Shannon, and the north-eastern and south-eastern sides by the 

 boundaries of the counties of Cavan aud Longford respectively. The 

 southern portion of this district, abutting un the counties of Long- 

 ford and Roscommon, is to a consiilerable extent occupied by low, 

 narrow, and steep ridges, shutting in numerous small lakes, and 

 flanking tbe streams and roads by which the interme<liate valleys are 

 traversed. Of the lakes the principal is Lough Rinii, which is about 

 two miles in length by half a mile in breadth ; it is formed by an 

 expansion of the river Kinn, which runs southward out of Leitrim 

 through the north-westem extremity of Longford to the Shannon. 

 The Eslin, which brings down the waters of several small lakes 

 situated between the Riun and the Shannon, joins the latter river at 

 the southern extremity of Lough Boffin. Northward from this hilly 

 tract extends an open imdulating plain, interspersed with numerous 

 lakes and streams aa far as the southern extremity of Lough Allen. 

 This district forms part of tbe great Umestoue plain of Ireland, and 

 contains some excellent arable und, but is in general better adapted 

 for grazing. The surface is irregularly traversed by a great number 

 of clay and gravel ridgea The principal heights on this plain are 

 Sheemore and Sbeebog, two hills of moderate elevation rising from 

 the left bank of the Shannon. The main draiunge of the limestone 

 district is southward and westward to the Shannon, but several 

 ■treaau in the north-eastern division of it run eastward to the lakes 

 on the border of Cavan. Of the streams the principal is the Yellow 

 River, which runs post Ballinamore into Lough Oaradice, and thence, 

 under the name of the Woodford River, to Lough Erne. A cluster of 

 lakes, of which the largest ore Lough Sour and St. John's Lough, 

 occupies a tract of about 6 miles in length on tbe north of the 

 limestone district near Cssbcorrigan ; and there are upwanls of fifty 

 other lakea, varying from a quarter of a mile to a mile iu length, 

 sea Uiiml throoghout the same portion of the county. 



