﻿LBSOHISTAN. 



LEXDEK. 



6M 



LESOIIISTAX. [OaoBoiA.] 



LKSLIK. [KiFMUM.] 



LBSHAKAUUW. [LARABUHni.] 



LBS-MAKTIUUBa [BouoiUi-ou-RBdKK.] 



I.ESNEVHN. [PixiaTftRi.] 



LESPAKRE [OiBOKDE.1 



LE8-RICEYS. [Aubk.] 



LBBSINES. [HiniAULT.] 



LBSSOE. [AALBOBa.] 



LETUAM. rFoRTAasmBB.] 



LETTERKENNT, county of Donegkl, Ireland, u market- and post- 

 town, and Um nat of a Poor-Law Union, u situated on the side of a 

 s te ep hill above the left bank of the Swilly, at about a mile above its 

 entranoe into Lough SwiUy, in 54° 57' N. Ut, 7* 44' W. long., 15 miles 

 N.W. bom LifTonl, 140 mUes N.N.W. from Dublin. In 1851 the popu- 

 latioD was 1947, besidea 23S inmat«a of the workhouse The Poor- 

 Iaw Union contains 14 electoral divisions, with an area of 101,207 

 ■ores and a population of 20,665 in 1851. The town of Letterkeuny 

 oonsista principally of one long straggling street, which however con- 

 tains some good retail shops. The chief buildings are the parish 

 church, a Roman Catholic chapel, three chapels for Presbyterians, a 

 oouri-house, fever-hospital, and the Union workhouse. There are also 

 • dispensary, a bridewell, and a loan-fund. Quarter and petty sessions 

 are held in the town, which is the head-quarters of the county police. 

 The creek of Rallyraine, called the Port of Letterkeuny, is a mile 

 distant bom the town, and admits vessels of 150 tons. The exports 

 are chiefly com, butter, eggs, and hides ; the imports consist of colo- 

 nial produce, manufactured goods, iron, coal, oak-bark, fish, &c The 

 ■oenery of Qlen-Swilly above Letterkeuny, and of Lough Swilly below, 

 presents much picturesque beauty. 



LEUCADIA. [loKiAS IsLAKOS, Santa Sfaura.] 



LEUCATE. [Audi.] 



LEUCUTENBERQ is a lordship in the kingdom of Bavaria, which 

 has an area of 84 square miles, and a population of about 5800. It 

 is aitaatfld on the western slope of the B6hmerwald, and is traversed 

 by the Lube, a feeder of the Naab, which river joins the Danube just 

 above Ratisbon. Till 1806 it was a landgraviate, the prince of which 

 had a seat and vote in the Diet of the Empire. It is called after the 

 ancient mountain castle of Leuchtenberg, in the village of that name 

 situated on the Lube, the original seat of the landgraves. The male 

 line becoming extinct in 1646, the cotmtry fell to Bavaria. In 1817 

 the late king of Bavaria, Maximilian Joseph, gave it, with the priuci- 

 pality of Eichstiidt, to his son-in-law Eugene Beauhamois, who assumed 

 the title of Duke of Leuchtenberg. The title of royal highness was 

 conferred on the duke and his successors according to the order of 

 primogeniture, and the rank of princes and princesses of Leuchtenberg, 

 with the title of serene highness, on the other members of the family. 

 The dukes of Leuchtenberg were also declared capable of succeeding 

 to the throne in case the royal line of Bavaria should become extinct ; 

 and on the other hand, on the extinction of the male line of the 

 house of Leuchtenberg, its possessions return to the crown of Bavaria, 

 on the payment of an indemnity of 2,320,312 Rhenish florins to the 

 female line. [Eicbstadt.] 

 LEUZE [Hainadlt.] 



LEVA'NT, LEVA'NTE, an Italian word, which means the East, 

 and which is also commonly used, especially among seafaring and 

 commercial people of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, 

 to designate the eastern or Asiatic shores of that sea, namely, those of 

 Syria and Asia Minor, the harbours of which are styled < Scale di 

 Levante,' in French ' Echelles du Levant' ('Stairs uf the Elast'). 

 Smyrna, Alexandretta, Beyrout, Acre, the harbours of Cyprus and 

 other islands near the coast of Asia, are included within this denomi- 

 nation. The inhabitants of those countries, and more particularly 

 that mixed population which is found in the sea-port towns, the 

 descendant* of Europeans settled there, and of Greek, Armenian, or 

 Syrian mothers, are called Levantines. They speak Qreek among 

 themselves, but their medium of intercourse with European seamen 

 and traders is a very corrupt Italian mixed up with modem Qreek 

 words, which is known by the name of ' Lingua Franca.' 



Zcvimt is also the name of one of the Hy6res Isles. [Ht^bes.] 



LEV EN. [FlFESHIRE.] 



LEVEN, LOCH. [KiNBoaMBiBE.] 



LEVROUX. [iBDBB.] 



LEWES, Sussex, a market-town, parliamentary borotigb, and the 

 ■sat of a Poor-Law Union, is situated chiefly on the right bsiik of the 

 rirsr Ouse, in 60° 62' N. Ut, 0° I' E. long., distant 85 mUes E. by N. 

 from Chichester, 60 miles S. from London by road, and 50 miles by 

 the London, Brighton, and South Coast railway. The population of 

 Um parliamentary borough of Lewes in 1851 was 9638. The borough 

 ivtoms two members to the Imperial Parliament. The livings are in 

 the archdaaoonry of Lewes and diooeae of Crhichester. Lewes Pooi> 

 Law Union contains 7 parishes, with a population in 1861 of 9821. 



Many Roman remains have been found in Lewes and its immediate 

 Tkanity. The town had acquired its present name some centuries 

 ptior to the Norman conqueal Lewes, with a wide tract of country 

 bMidai, was giTan by William L to William earl of Warrenne, who 

 had nuiniad bis daughter Oundreda. The earl made Lewes his chief 

 reri d en o e ; and in the priory of Lewes^ which they had founded, ho 



and his wife were buried. The bodies of both the earl and Oundreda 

 were discovered in their original leaden coffins when the priory ground 

 was excavated in 1845. On May 14th, 1264, a battle was fought at 

 Lewas by Henry III. with his brother Richard, king of the Romans, 

 and his son. Prince Edward, against the Confederated Barons under 

 Simon de Montfort, which ended in the defeat of the royal army, and 

 the capture of the kin^ of the Romans. 



The town of Lewes u built on the uneven slope of a chalk hill, on* 

 of the South Downs, while other and loftier hills of the same rang* 

 surround and shelter it on almost every side. The streets are wdl 

 built, i>aved, and lighted with gas. The principal public buildings are 

 the churches, the aasixe-hall, and the house of correction. St Anne's, 

 though one of the smallest of the churches in the town, is the most 

 interesting ; it is a very neat example of the early English style. The 

 church of St. Thomss tt Becket at Cliffe is of the perpendicuUr style. 

 St. Michael's and St John the Baptist, at Southover, have been 

 modernised and denuded of all architectural character. All Saints 

 and St John's are modem brick buildings. M«lling church was 

 erected in 1628. The Wesleyan Methodists, Independents, Baptists, 

 Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion, Huntingtoniana, Calvinists, 

 Quakers, and Unitarians have places of worship in the town ; and 

 there are National, British, and Infant schools. The Free Qrammar 

 school of Lewes and Southover, originally founded and endowed by 

 Agnes Morley in 1512, is free to 12 children of the burgesses of 

 Lewis, and had 42 scholars in 1862. In the town are a mechanics 

 institute, subscription library, assembly-room, record-room, ic The 

 county -hall was erected in 1812 at an expense of 15,000{. It is a 

 handsome building, 90 feet long and about the same width, and com- 

 prises a council-chamber, the civil and criminal courts, record-rooms, 

 and other convenient apartments. The house of correction was erected 

 in 1793, and enlarged in 1817. A county jail has been recently erected 

 outside the town. The summer and winter assizes are held at Lewes ; 

 likewise the general quarter-sessions* for the eastern division of the 

 shire, and a county court. The borough has returned two members 

 to Parliament continuously from the reign of Edward I. Grain and 

 malt, sheep and cattle, are now the principal articles of traffic. Brew- 

 ing, tanning, rope- and twine-making, and lime-burning are extensively 

 carried on. Newhaven, at the mouth of the Otise, about eight mile* 

 below the town, is the port of Lewes. The fairs for cattle are held on 

 May 8th and the beginning of June ; those for sheep on September 21st 

 and October 2nd. 'The average number of sheep sold annually at these 

 fairs is estimated to exceed 100,000. There is a savings bank. 



Lewes Castle is of Norman date ; the chief portions remaining are 

 the gatehouse aud the keep, both of massive proportions, but much 

 altered. The interior is now fitted up as a local museum. Of the 

 priory the lemaius are few, and in a very dilapidated condition. The 

 building is situated just outside the town, in the suburb of Southover. 

 The railway is carried through the priury precinctn, and in constructing 

 it a place of interment, besides the priory burial-ground, was cut 

 through. Thirteen waggon-loads of bones are said to have been 

 removed. It was supposed, with much probability, that they were 

 the bones of those who fell in the great battle. 

 LEWIS, ISLAND OF. [Ross-siiire.] 



LEWISHAM, Kent, a village, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in 

 the palish of Lewisham, is sitiiiited in 51" 27' N. lat, 0" 1' W. long., 

 distant about 6 miles S.E. from Loudon. The population of the village 

 in 1851 was 6097. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of 

 Middlesex and diocese of London. Lewisham Pooi^Law Union con- 

 tains 7 parishes and townships, with an area of 15,767 acres, and • 

 population in 1851 of 34,738. 



The village of Lewisham stretches along the road to Bromley for 

 above a mUe. Many of the houses are }arge and well built, and the 

 road for a good part of the way is bordered by lofty elms. Lewisham 

 is a favourite place of residence for London merchants. There are 

 three or four corn-mills on the Kavensboume river. Brewing, brick- 

 making, to., are carried on. There are extensive nursery grounds. 

 The church, a plain brick structure, was rebuilt, except the tower 

 which is ancient, in 1744 ; but was largely altered after a fire in 1831. 

 In the interior are monuments by Flaxman and Banks. There are 

 chapels for Wesleyan aud Primitive Methodists, Independents, BibU 

 Christians, and Unitarians. The Free Grammar school was founded 

 in 1656 by the Rev. Abraham Colfe, vicar of Lewisham, who also 

 founded an English Free school and almshouses for six poor females. 

 The Grammar school had 44 scholars in 1851. The present master, 

 the Rev. J. Prendeigast, D.D., has filed a bill in Chancery against the 

 trustees for the recovery of considerable property for uie benefit of 

 the foundation. There are several National and Infant schools; a 

 British school ; a Congregational school for educating the children of 

 Congregational ministers, which had 35 scholars in 1851 ; and a 

 mechanics institute. A handsome range of almshouses for persons 

 who have become reduced in their circumstances was built and endowed 

 a few years back by J. Thackeray, Esq. A station of the North Kent 

 railway is at Lewisham. 



LEXDEN, a hundred in the county of Essex, which conjointly 

 with the hundred of Winittree in the same county constitutes a Poor- 

 Law Union. The hundreds of Lexden and Winstroe are bounded 

 E. by Tendring himdred ; Lexden hundred is bounded N. by the 

 liver Stour, which hero separates Essex from Suffolk ; Wiustree hun- 



