﻿nt 



UUBUBO. 



LIMERICK. 



(IS 



•U«lid«<l to Uutn tilings ; there U > good breed of horwa, aod bee* are 

 owrull; tendrd. The principal riven are — the lUa^ which reoeiree 

 the J«ar oo it* left bank at Maaitrioht ; the Demrr, which riainit weat 

 of Uacetricht run* weetward paat Haaielt, aod haTing reoeired sereral 

 •mall feeders from both baok* cDten South Brabant on ita way to 

 join the Drle, a feeder of the Scbelde; and the Dommel, which riaet 

 u the north of thii prorinoe and flow* through North Brabant, where 

 it ent«r> the M*a« at Cr^recceur. 



HaucU, the capital of the prorincc, is a well-built town of 7600 

 inhabitant*, on the Demer. It has eonie manufaoturea of lineu, 

 leather, tobaooo, beer, apirita, point-lace, &a A branch railroad lend* 

 from Haaaelt through St-Troud to the Li^-Ualines line, which it 

 j >in« at liuidpn. 



St.-T^-ond, 10 mile* from Hanelt, itandi oo the Meielbeok, a feeder 

 of the Demer, and haa 9500 inhabiumta. It ia joinrd by a branch 

 railroad to the Liige-Malinea Una. The chief manufactures are fire- 

 arms aod laoe ; there are iron-forges in the neighbourhood. 



BiltcH, a small place of 2900 inhabitants on the left bank of the 

 Demer, baa iron mineral spring* and potteries. Tongrtt, or Tongem, 

 OD the Jaar, is a well-built town with 6000 inhabitants, who manu- 

 beture cliicory, leather, and hats. In a valley near this town there is 

 an iron mineral spring which has been described by Pliny. Tha town 

 ia named from the Tangri, the first Qeruiau tribe which settled on the - 

 left bank of the Rhine. Maateyk, or Mazeil; a town of 4000 inhabit- 

 anta, stands in the north-east uf tbe province on the left bank of the 

 Maas, and has manufactures of leather, paper, hate, tobacco, pottery, 

 beer, spirits, and ropea. 



The Dutch province of Linburg has tbe title of duchy, extends 

 botw. en 50° 45' and 61* 47' N. lat, h° 35' and 6° 18' E. long., and is 

 bounded N. bv Qrlderland, E. )>y Rhenish Prussia, S. by the Belgian 

 provinod of Libge, and W. by those of North Brabant and Limburg. 

 The area is S4S square miles, and the population in 1852 was 210,276. 

 It extends 71 miles from north to south, with an average breadth of 

 14 miles, but at some points the width does not exceed S miles. Xu 

 the southern part axtendins along the right bank of the Maas the 

 •oil is fertile, but in the ni>rth bogs, moors, and marshes cover a great 

 part of the surface. Cnttlebroediug and agriculture are tbe chief 

 occupations of the inhabitants ; the products are similar to those of 

 the B- Igiao province of Limburg. 'The principal rivers besides the 

 Maas are its feeders from the right, the Roer and the Neisse. 



MaaMrickt, or Maetlricht, tbe capital of the province, stands on the 

 left bank of the Maas. here crossed by a handsome stone bridge, in 

 60° 48' N. hit, 5° 43' E. long., and has 22,000 inhabitants. The part 

 of the town that stands on the right bank of tbe Maas is properly a 

 suburb, and called Ifyci. Tbe town ia regularly and well built, and 

 contains several spacious squares, one of which, the Parade, is inclosed 

 by an avenue of treea. The town-hall in tbe great market-place, and 

 the oburch of St,-Gervat8, are the most remarkable buildings. There 

 are 6 Roman Catholic and 3 Calvioitt churches, 2 hospitaU, 2 orphan 

 asylums, and a lyceum. The manufactures consist of woollen-doth, 

 flannel, leather, fire-arms, soap, beer, and spirits. The town is very 

 strongly fortified, and haa an arsenal and military magazine : the 

 citadel is erected on a hill called Petersberg, on the west bank of tbe 

 Maas. Underneath this hill is a stone quarry of great extent, 

 abounding in many curious and interesting fosalla ; it ia said to be 

 intersocte<l by above 20,000 passages, forming a moat intricate laby- 

 rinth. Steamers ply on the Mass to Li^ and Rotterdam. Maestricht 

 has suCisred often from siege. It was taken after a four-months' siege 

 by tbe Spaniards in 1579, when the garrison and many of the towns- 

 people were massacred by the victors ; it was taken also by Louis XIV. ; 

 but William III., king of England, attacked it in vain. Its brave 

 garrison defended it successfully against the Belgians in 1830, and 

 thus preserved it to the Dutch. A branch railway connects the town 

 with Aix-ls-Chapelle, whence it has communication with the Belgian 

 and Rhine railways. 



The other towns are : — SUIard, K. by E. from Maestricbt, popu- 

 lation 3325 : Soirmonde, or Sureaumde, a strongly-fortified place at 

 the entrance of the Roer into the Mass, with 6000 inhabitants, who 

 manufacture woollen-cloth, leather, and beer : VaeU, a frontier town, 

 a little W. of Aix-la-Chapelle, with 3000 inhabitants : Venioa, a forti- 

 fied town on the right bank of tbe Maas, and near the Prussian frontier, 

 has 7600 inhabitants, seveml breweries, distilleries, tobacco-factories, 

 Tinegar-worka, tin- and lead foundries, tan-yards, and spinning-mills ; 

 tha fort SU-Michael, which forms part of the defenoes, stands on the 

 left baok of the Maas, aod is joined to the rest of tha town by a bridge 

 of boats : and Vmrdi, which is situated in a marshy district, near the 

 borders of North Brabant, on the Bree, and has 6500 inhabitants, who 

 inanafacture hats, cloth, tobacco, chocolate, candles, leather, and 

 ■tookinga. 



LIMBURO, referred to from Galioia, is a misprint for Lbmbero. 

 LIMBURO. [Litot] 



LIMBITRO, a town in the duchy of Nanau, situated near the point 

 60* 20' N. lat, 8° 0' E. long., 20 miles N.N.W. from Wiesbaden, gives 

 title to a Roman Catholic bishop, and haa about 3300 inhabitants. 

 It is built on tha left bank of the river Lahn, a feeder of the Rhine, 

 over wliich there ia a stone bridge. It haa a mint and four churches, 

 of which St Qsoim's ohoroh is deserving of notice. The inhabitants 

 m a nnf a o ture MurtEsnware, and oanj on a considerable trade in the 



produotions of the country. There is a Roman Catholic clerical ooUag* 

 aod an hospital in tbe town. The Bishop of Limburg is ruffragan of 

 the Arohbirhnp of Freiburg. 



LIMERICK, an inland county of the province of Munster, ia 

 Ireland, is bounded N. by the Shannon, which separates it from CUre, 

 E. by Tipperary, a by Cork, and W. by Kerry. It lies between 

 52' 17' aod 52° 47' N. Ut, 8° 8' aod 9° 26' W. long., and u 86 miles 

 long from north to south, 54 miles fh>m east to west The area com- 

 prises 1064 saoare miles, or 080,842 aorea, of which 626,876 are arable, 

 121,101 uncultivated, 11,575 in plantatioo^ 2759 in towns, and 18,531 

 under water. In 1841 the population, excluaivo of the city of Lime- 

 rick, waa 281,638 ; in 1861 it was 208,688. 



Surface, Bydrograpky, Commvuiicatiom. — The sur&oe is an undu- 

 Intiog plain, sloping with a gentle declivity towards the Shannon on 

 the north, and surrounded on its sonthem aod western borders by a 

 well-defined margin of mountain groups and hilly uplsnda A moun- 

 tainous tract, caOed Slieve-Phelim, covers the nortb-enst of the county, 

 being a continuation of the Keeper Mountains in Tipperary. The 

 general direction of the Slieve-Pbelim range is from north east to 

 south-west, and this is also the course pursued by the streams that 

 descend from tbem into the Bilboa, a feeder of the Mulkem River. 

 The Mulkem carries a considerable body of water to the Shannon, 

 which it enters a little above the city of Limerick. The district 

 between the Slieve-Phelim range and the Shannon is, towards the 

 extremity of the county, flat and boggy, but has a pleasingly diversified 

 surface along the banks of the Mulkem. The Shannon which, flowing 

 between well-timbered banks, boimds this district on tbe weat, forms 

 a series of rapids of uncommon grandeur, the principal of which, near 

 Castle Connell, is known as the ' Ijeap of Doouass.' The valley of tbe 

 Shannon is here contracted by the Slieve-Barnngh Mountains on one 

 side, and the Keeper range on the other, and pr.»euta features of a 

 grand and striking character throughout a distance of i>everal miles. 



Tbe principal features of tha great plain of Limerick, extending 

 from the Mulkern westward and southward to the mountains on the 

 borders of Kerry and Cork, are the rivers Maiguc and Dei-l, which 

 traveriie it from south to north in nearly parallel courses. The basin 

 of the Maigue embraces the east and south-ea-'t of tbe county. This 

 river haa its source in the high land stretching south of Ch»rleville, 

 in tbe county of Cork, from whence it runs north by west to the 

 Shannon, and nearly bisects the central plain of Limerick. Its chief 

 feeders, the Looba, the Momin, and the Camogue, fall in on tbe right 

 bank, and have their sources among tbe continuation of the Oaltees 

 and a detached group called the Castle Oliver Mountains, which 

 occupy tbe southtast of tbe county. Tbe Maigue is navigable from 

 Adare to the Shannon, a distance of 12 miles. Lough tiur, a pic- 

 turesque sheet of water, about 5 milts in circumference and embosomed 

 among romantic knolls, some of which have a cousiderable elevation, 

 is about midway between the Camogue and the Morain. A cava and 

 the ruins of a strong fortress on an island in the lake, and a vaat 

 number of Druiilical structures on its shores, sdd to the interest of 

 the scenery. From the summit of Knockfennol, one of tbe hills 

 forming the basin of the lake, a magnificent view is obtained of the 

 surrounding plain, comprisiug the greatest extent of arable land unin- 

 cumbt!reJ with bog in Ireland, bounded by an imposing ainpliitheatre 

 of distant mountains. The country between the Camogue, the Mulkem. 

 and the Shannon has a more varied surface than that above described: 

 several conical hills rise within a short distance on the Tipperary border 

 alx>ut midway between the more marked mountain boundaries which 

 limit the plain on tbe north and south. 



The country west of the Maigue fur about two-thirds of its extent 

 has much the same character of surface as the di!<trict lost described, 

 the remainder being included in tbe mountainous region stretching 

 westward into Kerry. It is drained by the Deel, whicb is navigable 

 for three miles &om its junction with the Shannon below Aakeaton. 

 The lower portions of the courses of the Deel and Maigue are through 

 so flat a country that their respective valleys are scarcely observable, 

 but in tbe district intervening between their sources there is a good 

 deal of high ground, particularly about tbe small town of Ballingorry, 

 in the neighbourhood of which are the steep bills of Knockfeernha 

 aod Kilmeedy. Knockfeernha has an elevation of 907 feet The 

 valley of the Upper Deel lies between these heights on tbe east, and 

 the high country towards Kerry on the west The high lauds rise 

 round the Kerry margin of the level district in a ooutinuous sweep of 

 above 20 miles from Drumoollogher, at the head of the river, to 

 Shanagoldeu and the Shannon. At the northern extremity of the 

 mountain range tbe detached bill of Knockpatrick rises boldly between 

 Ube town of Shanagolden and the Shannon. From Sbanagoldon west- 

 ward the surface is rough and hilly, rising at the dist-ince of 2 or 3 

 wiles from the Shannon into sterile tracts of bog and mountain, which 

 spread southward and westward into the counties of Cork and Kerry. 

 The county extends considerably beyond the water8he<i of this moun- 

 tiinous region, the principal rivers of which, the Feale and the Qale, 

 flow westward and south-westward into Kerry, where they unite with 

 the Brick to form the Cashen river or restuary. 



The Lower Shannon runs along the northern boundary for a 

 distenoe of about 36 miles. It is navigable at high water for vessels 

 of heavy burden up to Limerick. Some hiprovements have been 

 Utely efiected in the navigation of the Lower Shannon, and several 



