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LONDON. 



LONDON. 



The Pantheon, in Oxford-street, originally a theatre, is now a bazaar. 

 There are several other bazaars in Westminster. 



There are scTeral buildings and rooms for lectures, exhibitions, 

 concerts, and balls. The chief of these are the Royal Institution, 

 Albemarle-strect; the Society of Arts, John-street, Adelphi ; the 

 National Gallery, Trafalfjar-square, and Marlborough House, Pall- Mall, 

 for the National collection of pictures ; the British Institution, Pall- 

 Mall ; Gallery of Briti!>h Artists, Suffolk-street, Pall-Mali ; the Old 

 and New Water-Colour Societies' Galleries, Pall-Mall ; the Egyptian 

 Hall, Piccadilly ; Wyld's Great Globe, Leicester-square; the Panop- 

 ticon Institution, Leicester-square ; the Leicester-square Rooms ; the 

 Hungerford Market Rooms ; the Hanover-square Rooms; the Argyle 

 Rooms ; Exeter Hall ; and the Whittington Club Rooms. The Peni- 

 tentiary and the Bridewell prisons are in Westminster. 



The London and Westminster Bank haa erected a handsome new 

 building for its Bloomsbury branch. The design is by Mr. Henry 

 Baker, and presents a four-storied front in the Italian style, with 

 rusticated projections at the sides. 



The two principal markets in Westminster are Covent Garden for 

 vegetables, fruit, and flowers, and Hungerford Market for fish, 

 fruit, &c. 



In Westminster are included Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens, 

 as farasthe Serpentine River, the Green Park, and St. James's Park. A 

 new line of street, called Victoria-street, has been recently opened from 

 Westminster Abbey to Vauihall Bridge Road, Pimlico, and some exten- 

 sive ranges uf dwelling-houses have been built along part of the line. 



Westminster Bridge was erected by Charles Labelye, a native of 

 Switzerland. The first stone was laid January 29th 1738, and the 

 bridge was opened November 18th 1750. It consists of 15 arches, 

 the centre arch being 76 feet span. The entire length is 1223 feet. 

 This bridge has fallen into a very dilapidated condition ; and a new 

 bridge is now being constructed under powers granted by Act of 

 Parliament. Mr. Thomas Page is the architect. The bridge is to be 

 in the gothic style, to harmonise with the houses of parliament, and 

 is to consist of 7 principal arches, and 2 of smaller dimensions on 

 the Surrey side. The length of the roadway is 91-1 feet, and the 

 extreme width of the bridge will be 85 feet. The span of the centre 

 arch is 121 feet. Waterloo Bridge was erected by John Rennie for 

 a company of proprietors. The first stone was laid October 11th 

 1811, and the bridge was opened June 18th 1817. It consists of 

 9 elliptical arches of 1 20 feet span. The entire length of the bridge 

 and abutments ia 1380 feet. The approaches have been raised, and 

 the bridge is level. A toll of ^d. is charged to foot-passengers, and 

 there are other tolls for vehicles. Hungerford Suspension-Bridge was 

 erected by I. K. Brunei. The first stone was laid in 18J1, and the 

 bridge was opened April 18th 1845. It consists of throe arches, the 

 span of the centre arch being 676 feet, and that of each of the side 

 arches 383 feet. It is only for foot passengers, who are charged a 

 toll of f,d. each. 



The Borowjh of Maryldxtne adjoins Westminster on the south, 

 Oxford-street and the Uxbridge-r<md forming the boundary. The 

 area is 5310 acres. The population in 1841 was 287,465 ; in 1851 it 

 was 370,957. It returns two members to the House of Commons. 

 This borough contains the Regent's Park, with the Gardens of the 

 Zoological Society, and the Botanical Society ; the termini of the 

 Great Western, North-Westem, and Great Northern railways ; the 

 two exhibitions of the Colosseum and Diorama ; University College ; 

 the Foundling Hospital; the Middlesex Hospital; and St. Mary's 

 Hospital, Paddington. University College was designed by W. Wilkins, 

 to consist of a centre, and two wings advancing at right angles from 

 ita extremities. The centre only lias been completed. The first stone 

 was laid April 30th 1827, and the building was opened October 1st 

 1828. The grand entrance under the portico opens into an octagonal 

 vestibule, which is surmounted by a dome. The interior contains 

 several lecture-rooms, a large general library, a Chinese library, a law 

 library, a museum, 4c. The Flaiman Gallery, which is open to the 

 public on Wednesdays and Saturdays, contains the original models of 

 the statues, bas-reliefs, and other works of Flaxman. The number of 

 students in arts and law in 1853 was 236; in medicine 186. The 

 college haa been already endowed to a considerable extent by various 

 benefactors. In connection with it is a Junior school, of very high 

 character, which is held in the south end of the building. The 

 number of scholars in 1853 was 290. University College Hospital 

 stands opposite the college, and besides the usual benefits conferred 

 by an hospital affords improved means of instruction in medicine and 

 surgery to the medical students of the college, under the superintend- 

 ence of its professors. 



The Foundling Hospital was founded by Captain Thomas Coram, in 

 1739. The funds were afterwards increased by a parliamentary grant 

 of 10,000<., and the system of admission was altered. The children 

 are now admitted on application of the mother, who must depose to 

 the abandonment of the father, and non-recognition of the parish 

 ■atboritifs. The number of children in the institution is usually 

 about 400. After receiving a moderate education the boys are 

 apprenticed to trades, and the girls either apprenticed or put to 

 Service. 



The Borough of Pinibury adjoins Westminster and Morylebone on 

 the wait, and the western part of the city of London on the south. 



oKoo. Drv. VOL. m. 



The area is 4670 acres. The population in 1841 was 265,043 ; in 1851 

 it was 323,772. It returns two members to the House of Commons. 

 This borough contains the British Museum, Lincoln's Inn, Gray's Inn, 

 the College of Surgeons, the Mechanics Institute ; the Free and the 

 Lying-in Hospitals, and St. Luke's Asylum for Lunatics ; the Charter 

 House, and Sadlers Wells Theatre. The British Museum owes its 

 origin to the purchase by government for 20,000!. of Sir Hans Sloane'a 

 collection of books and specimens of natural history. The purchase 

 was made in 1753, the Harleiau collection of mauuscripts was added 

 to it, and Montague House wius bought as the place of deposit. Large 

 additions have since been made by gifts and pailiamentary grants. A 

 new museum was commenced in 1823 by Sir Robert Smirke, and has 

 been recently completed. The library of printed books is said to 

 consist of about 500,000 volumes ; there is also a very large collection 

 of manuscripts. The Print Room contains prints, drawings, &.c. of 

 the first masters. The zoological department is supplied with a vast 

 collection of stuffed beasts, birds, reptiles, fishes, insects, and shells. 

 The collections of mineralogy and geology are very large. The speci- 

 mens of fine art consist of Egyptian antiquities, sculptures from 

 Nineveh, the Elgin marbles, Phigaleian mai-bles, Lyciau marbles, and 

 Townley marbles. 



Lincoln's Inn is so called after Henry de Lacy, eail of Lincoln, who 

 died in 1312, and whose town-residence occupied a considerable part 

 of the present site of Lincoln's Inn. He assigned the grounds to 

 certain professors of the law, who built on them an inn of court for 

 the study of the laws of England. Lincoln's Inn Old Hall, in which 

 the Court of Chancery sits during vacation, haa been repeatedly 

 altered and modernised. It La a fine room, but not very large. Lincoln's 

 Inn New Hall and Library were built by Philip Hardwick, R.A- They 

 form a very handsome structure of Tudor architecture on the west 

 side of Lincoln's Inn New Square. The building, which is of brick, 

 with stone quoins and dressings, was commenced April 20th 1843, 

 and was opened by the Queen, October 30th 1845. The hall is 120 

 feet long, 45 feet wide, and 62 feet high, and has a roof of carved oak. 

 The library is 80 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 44 feet high. The hall 

 forms the south end of the structure, the libi'ary the north end, and 

 they are connected by a vestibule. 



Gray's Inn derives its name from Edmund lord Gray of Wilton, 

 who, iu 1505, sold the manor of Portp'oole, four messuages, four 

 gardens, and other premises and grounds, to Hugh Denny, Esq., from 

 whom they passed into the possession of thd prior and convent of 

 East Sheen, in Surrey, by whom they were teased to certain students 

 of the law. The hall was completed in 1560. It is a handsome 

 apartment, little inferior to the Middle Temple Hall. 



Eight Inns of Chancery are nominally attached to the four Inns of 

 Court To the Inner Temple are attached Clifford's Inn, near St. Dun- 

 stan's church, Fleet-steet, Clement's Inn, near St. CUment-Danes, 

 Strand, and Lyon's Inn, at the bottom of Newcastle-street, Strand. 

 To the Middle Temple is attached New Inn, Wych-street, Drury-lane. 

 To Lincoln's Inn are attached Fumival's Inn, on the north side of 

 Holbom, and Thavies Iim, nearly opposite, on the south side. To 

 Gray's Inn are attached Staple Inn, near Holbom Bars, and Barnard's 

 Inn, in Holbom, adjoining Fetter-lano. 



The College of Surgeons is in Lincoln's Inn Fields, and contains an 

 excellent collection of anatomical specimens, and a museum of com- 

 parative anatomy. The Mechanics Institute was founded in 1823. 



The Charterhouse, which name is a corruption of Chartreu.se, is an 

 asylum for about 80 decayed householders upwards of 60 years of age, 

 and has also a Free school in which about 40 boys are educated, some 

 of whom are sent to the university, and others are apprenticed. The 

 total number of scholars in 1851-52 was about 180. 



The Jiorowjh of the Tower Ilamlcta adjoins the City of London and 

 the Borough of Finsbury on the west. The area is 8988 acres. The 

 population in 1841 was 419,730; in lS51itwas 539,111. It returns 

 two members to the House of Commons. The public buildings iu 

 this borough are not of sufficient importance to require special notice ; 

 but it includes the Victoria Park ; the East and West India, the 

 London, and the St. Katherine's docks ; the termiuus of the Eastern 

 Counties railway ; the London Hospital, the Jew's Hospital, Bancroft's 

 almshouses, and numerous others ; tho Tower Hamlets' cemetery ; 

 and the extensive Union workhouse for the City of London. 



The Borough of Southwark is bounded by the river on the north, by 

 the borough of Lambeth on the south and west, and by the borough 

 of Greenwich on the southeast. The area is 590 acres. The popula- 

 tion in 1841 was 142,620 ; in 1851 it was 172,803. It returns two 

 members to the House of Commons. It contains St. Thomas's 

 Hospital, Guy's Hospital, Bethlehem Hospital, the School for the 

 Indigent Blind, the Magdalen Asylum, St. Patrick's Hospital; the 

 Surrey Theatre ; the fine old church of St. Saviour; the modern gothic 

 Roman Catholic Cathedral ; the terminus of the South-Eastem and 

 Brighton railways; and the Queen's Prison. St. Saviour's church, 

 formerly St. Mary-Overy, though it has been much injured, is still, 

 next to Westminster Abbey, the largest and handsomest of the old 

 gothic churches of the metropolis. The Lady chapel was restored in 

 1832, in accordance with ^he original architecture. 



The Borough of Lambelh adjoins that of Southwark on the east and 

 north. The area is 8840 acres. Thepopulation in 1811 wis 197,412 ; 

 in 1851 it was 251,346. It i-eturns two members to the House of 



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