﻿fil 



LOT-ET<IAROXNE. 



LOUOHBORODOH. 



•11 



Tlie d'pMtmrnt to oecupiwl wholly by the »upni«r»Uecon« *tnta. 

 Tronniiim «re worked ; good building stone, oklcareou* »?«•, gjfwuni, 

 •Dd mul an fonnd. The chief manufactures are eork, sailcloth, lipen, 

 •wiuxkiDS, |»otUrT, linen- and eotton-yarn, iron, glasa, paper, lime, 

 ropes, K-atber, tolJarro. The eommerce is composed of the various 

 indojitrinl aud agriculuiml artiele* enumerated, and of pitch and tar 

 made fnim the pines of the Landcs. About 676 fairs and market* are 

 held annnally. The department posseaeos 11S8 wind- and water-mills, 

 9 iron forges and furnaces, and 239 factories of different kinds. 



The department contains 1,823,062 acres. Of thin area 708,996 

 acres are arable land ; 104,684 scree are gi«B8 land j 171,371 acres ars 

 under vineyards; 169,617 acre* are oorered with woods ; 97,986 acres 

 eoMbtof bamn heaths and moon; 28,762 acres are occupied with 

 n-ads, buildinn, 4c. ; 12,689 aotes with rivers ; and 19,020 acres are 

 laid oat in orchards and fruit plantations of various kinds. 



The department is divided into 4 arrondissementa, which, with 

 their subdivisions and population, are as follows : — 





Cantons. 



Ooaunnnes. 



PopulatiaalalS»l. ' 



1. ARta . 



S. Marnude , . . 



1. TUleneare 



4. Vint . . 



8 



9 



10 



7 



71 



9< 

 83 

 61 



8«,«93 



101,044 



9i,S91 



60,818 



Toial 



>S 1 (IS 



841,349 



1. In the first arrondissement the chief town, Agen, which is also the 

 capital of the department, and of the former district of Ag^nois, is 

 the subject of a separate article [Aoen]. Of the following places the 

 population is that of the commune. Aitafforl, on the right bank of 

 the Gers, 10 miles S. from Agen, is surrounded by old turreted 

 bnlf-ruined walls, and has 2414 inhabitants. A lar;^ croos, erected at 

 a short diiitauoe from the rear of the parish church, marks the spot, 

 ttill called Champ des Huguenots, on which the Priuce of Cond^ was 

 defeated in the religious wars. Porl-Sainte-Marie, 12 miles W. from 

 Agen, is built at the foot of a high hill, on the right bank of the 

 Garonne, which is here crossed by a fine suspension-bridge and forms 

 a commodious harbour for river crafts The high road to Bordeaux 

 passes under an arcade surmounted by a lofty tower, the whole built 

 with email square stones, and supposed to be of Rotaiau erection. The 

 population of the town is 3026. 



2. In the second arrondissement the chief town, Marmande, is 

 situated in the west of the department, on a hill above the Garonne, 

 which is here croaed by a bridge of a single arch. Harmande is an 

 atident plaoe^ but its origin is unknown. The Ooths are said to have 

 occupied it. The Saracens destroyed it in the 8th century. It was 

 rebuilt however, and the fortifications it is said were raised by the 

 English Coeur-de-Lion. In 1212 it was taken from the Euglinh by 

 Bimoo de Montfort, and again in 1219 by Amaury de Hontfort, whose 

 troop* massacred all the townsfolk they could lay hands upon. In 

 1424 the English attacked it without success; but took it in 1427, 

 and held it for a short time. Henri IV. besieged it without success 

 in 1677. In 1314 the town, garrisoned by a small force, held out 

 for a month against an English ilivision. It has au old-fashioned 

 look ; many of the houses are timber-framed. The most important 

 buildings aro the town-hall, the court-house, the college, and the 

 hoepitaL Marmande is the seat of a tribunal of first instance, and hai 

 8257 inhabitants, who manufacture hats, woollen stufils, brandy, ropes, 

 and leather. It has also a considerable trade in com, flour, wine, 

 brandy, plums, hemp, tobacco, tu). Steam-boats ply several times a 

 day to Bordeaux. Clairac, a clean well-built town, stands in a pretty 

 ■itttation oo the right bank of the Lot, has 4842 inhabitants, who 

 trade in white wine, plums, flour, tobacoo, ko. Oatld-Moren, 

 formerly a fortified town, which was taken in 1816 by the Engliah, 

 ■taoda on the Lot, and Ins 2879 inhabitants. lie-Mat^ Aginoii, a 

 ■moll but ancient town, is situated 8 miles <W>m Marmande, on the 

 left bank of the Garonne, and has 2414 inhabitants. 7V>nn«t'ns, a few 

 miles E of Le-Maa-d'Ag^nois, on the right bank of the Garonne, 

 which is here cnased by a soqMnsion-bridge, is a cheerful, well-built 

 town, Bituat«d on the Mas of a hill, from whence there is a delightful 

 view. The town-hall, the theatre, and the public baths are the most 

 •onspicuoiu buildings. Tonncins has a population of 6973, who 

 manufacture great quantitiea of ropes, leather, and tobacco, and trade 

 1b these articliBs, as also in hemp, plums, wine, com, brandy, fto. 



i. The third arroodiaaamcnt takes ite name from ViUmettvt tCAgen, 

 m town of 12,887 iabafaitanU, 14 miles N. from Agen, situated on the 

 Lot, wbidi divides it into two unequal parts, united by an ancient 

 bridge of remarkable itnicture. VilleneuTe ooonpia* the site of Gajao, 

 a town which was destrored in the earty part of the 18th oentniy ; it 

 W!W rebuilt by the brother of St Lotda hi 1264, and baa been slnee 

 ealled VilleoMiva, or the new town. Gajao it is supposed occupied the 

 ■it* of tb* aMtont Exdmun mentioned in the ' Antonine Itinerarv.' 

 tiy much th* greater part of the town is on the right bank of the 

 river, and oooeiat* of sev.-ral wide, straight, well-liuilt streets, that 

 abut in a ciroiu surround- d by arcades. Of the old fortifications, 

 two towers and th* eaall* still remain ; the rampart* have been turned 

 into handtome promewde*. The baijdhig* of th* Mioi«nt tbhty of 



Eyases, situated about three-quarters of a mile north of the town, now 

 form a convict prison for eleven deportments. Villeoeuve h.-u tribunals 

 of first instance and of commerce, and a college. Linen, leather, tiles, 

 hammers for metal foundries, tc, are manufactured ; the eommere* 

 is composed of flour, plums, wiue, cattle, paper, iron, copper, Ac 

 Ptmd, E by M. from Villeneuve, on the right bank of the Lot, has 

 paper-mills, and S677 inhabitaota. ISaintt-Livradt, W. of Villeneuve, 

 and near the left bank of the Lot, has a population of 3209, who 

 mouufacturo leather, and trade largely in plums. Mo^fianquin, 

 situated on a hill, near the left bank of the LMe, 9 miles N. from 

 Villeneuve, has 6075 inhabitants. The streets are narrow, steep, and 

 ill paved. The neighbourhood is fertile in wine and fruits. Toumoit, 

 a market-town, 16 miles E. from Villeneuve, situated on a hill on 

 the right bank of the BauduMon, a feeder of the Lot, has 4986 

 inhabitants. 



4. The fourth arrondissement comprises the south-west of the 

 department, and takes its name from the chief town, Nfrac, which is 

 prettily situated on the Boise, 16 miles S.W. from Agen, and ha* tri- 

 bunals of first instance and of commerce, a college, and 7090 inhabit- 

 ants, who maDufocture coarse woollens, sea-biscuits, corks, leather, 

 and great quantities of flour. The old town, situated on a steep 

 slope, on the right bank of the Baiae, is ill built, with narrow streets 

 of old wooden houses ; it is joined by two stone bridges to the new 

 town, which stands on the left bank of the river, and is larger and 

 better built This town has several pretty and shady walks, one of 

 which is adorned with a statue of Henri IV. The mosaics, the 

 remains of a palace, a temple, an aqueduct, and of balbs, found here, 

 mark the place as the site probably of a Roman city, the name of 

 which is lost The lords of Albret had a castle hero which was built 

 on the site of a Benedictine monastery, erected in 1250. The castle 

 consisted of four rangee of buildings surrounding a square, and was 

 built by the different members of the house of Albret after that 

 family bad ascended the throne of Navarre. The last addition to the 

 building was made by Jennnc d" Albret who built the fourth range 

 with the materials of demolished churches and monasteries after 

 hei- conversion to Calvinism. In this part of the building Henri IV. 

 lodged in his youth. In the reign of Louis XIII. N<5rac sided with 

 the Calvinists, but was forced to capitulate to Mayenne in 1621. lu 

 the following year its defences were dismantled. The town trades in 

 linen, hemp, flax, wine, brandy, Ac, and is famous for its partridge 

 patties. NiSrac has an important corn-market Ctutel-Jaloux, IS 

 miles N.W. from N^rac, on the left bank of the Avance, is a pretty 

 well-built town, not far from the commencement of the ' landes,' and 

 has 2585 inhabitants, who manufacture coarse cloth, paper, glass, 

 leather, &c It has also iron-forges, copper-foundries, smelting- 

 fumaces, hydraulic saw-mills, and a considerable trade in com, wine, 

 pitch, and tar, oakbark, chestnuts, and leeches. Mizin, 7 miles S. 

 from N(5rao, on the right bank of the Oeliae, a feeder of the Baise, is 

 an ill-built town, with 3042 inhabitants, who manufacture corks, 

 pottery, flour, paper, and leather. 



The department forms the see of the Bishop of Agen, is included 

 in the jurisdiction of the High Court of Agen, within the limits of 

 the University-Academy of Bordeoux, and belongs to the 1 4th Military 

 Division, of which Bordeaux is head-quarters. It returns 3 members 

 to the Legislative Body of the French empire. There are a diocesan 

 seminary, a secondary ecclesiastical school, and a communal college at 

 Agen. A iguillon, Marmande, Mdzin, and Villeneuve also have com- 

 munal colleges. The Calrinista have churches at Tonneins, Clairac, 

 N^rae, Lafitte (a village near Clairac), and Castelmoron; and 19 

 meeting-houses in different tovms of the department 



(Dictvmnaire de la Franc*; Annnaire pour FAn 1853 ,• Oficial 

 Papert.) 



LOTHARINGIA. [Lorr.mne.] 



LOTHIANS, THE, a term by which is understood that port of 

 Scotland which stretches along the southern shores of the Frith of 

 Forth, and includes the counties of Haddington, Edinburgh, and 

 Linlithgow, called respectively East Lothian, ^d Lothian, and West 

 Lothian. 



LOUDfiAC. fCdTW-DU-NOBD.l 



LOUDUN. rviKKSE.] 



LOUGHBOROUGH, Leicestershire, a market-town and the seat of 

 a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of I^oughborough, is situated in 

 62' 47' N. let, 1° 13' W. long., distant 13 miles N. by W. from 

 Leicester, 109 miles N.W. by N. from London byroad, and llSj miles 

 by the North-Western and Midland railways. The population of the 

 town of Loughborough in 1861 was 10,900. The sanitarv arrange- 

 ments of the town are under a Local Board of Health. The living 

 is a rectory in the archdeaoonry of Leicester and diooese of Peter- 

 borough. Loughborough Poor-Law Union contains 24 parishes and 

 towni£ip«, with an area of 42,613 acres, and a popuUtion in 1861 

 of 26,268. 



Loughborough consists of five principal streets, which radiate from 

 the centre nf the town, and several smaller streets. The town is 

 lighted with gas. The old church is a handsome edifice in the per- 

 pendicular style with a fine tower. Emmanuel church is of recent 

 erection. The Wesleyan Methodists, Baptists, Independents, Quakers, 

 and Roman Catholics have place* of worship. Burton's school, founded 

 in 1499, has an income Rom endowment of 17422. ld«. ; with the 



