﻿m 



LOZBRB. 



ftbs an held in the year. Th* oommww of th* daputment, owing 

 to th* want of water eommmiioaUoa aod good roadwayi, is confined 

 to artielee of mare naea Mi ty, and ii altogether iniiTniflant 



TIm departmeot ooataina l,a78,7S« aeroL Of thie area, 515,629 

 aorae are arable ; 110,185 aaree are ooTered with woodi and foreeta ; 

 443,373 aerca coMUt of natural paKtoree, heath*, and moon ; and 

 72,8<MI aerea are under different kinds of culture. 



The depaitaieot ia divided into 3 arrondiaaementa, which, with 

 their subdiTiaiona and population, are as follows : — 





OoauBDBce. 





1. Mdrte . 



1. FkmM . . 



*. lUrreteU 



7 



7 



10 



61 



49,161 



41,416 ' 

 i3,918 



Total . . . 



14 1 194 



144,705 1 



1. The flnt arrondiawment ia named £rom ita chief town, Menie, 

 whidt ia aituated in a valley inrrounded by high hillfi, on the right 

 b«ik of the Lot, in 44* 31' 4' N. Ut, 3° SO* 4' E. long., 2426 feet 

 above the level of the eea, and haa a tribunal of ftnt instance, eocle- 

 ■iaatical and eommnnal oollegea, a public library, and 6345 inhabitants 

 in the eommnnsL The town ia surrounded by ramparta, which form 

 a pretty walk ; the streeta, many of which are aupplied with fountains, 

 are narrow and crooked. Mende is the seat of a bishop ; the oathedral, 

 a gothie structure surmoimted by two towen, one of which is greatly 

 admired fiir ita graceful elegance ; and the former episcopal palace, which 

 is now the residence of the prefect of Lozire, are the moet remarkable 

 bnildinga. The manufactures consist of coarse woollen cloths and 



Eaper. On Mont Uimat, one of the hills above the town, is the 

 ermitage of St Privat, who suffsred martyrdom here at the hands of 

 the Vandals. The town waa first anrronnded with walls by Adalbert 

 bishop of O^vaudan, in 1151. In the religious wars of the 16th 

 centui7 the town was taken no leas than seven times. Tho citadel 

 was demolished in 1 597 after the reduction of the town by the forces 

 of Henri IV. About 10 miles from Mende in the valley of the Lot is 

 J3aqmoU4ei-Baini, a small village famous for ita medicinal springs and 

 baUis. Jipagnae, a pretty town situated in a valley on the right bank 

 of the Tarn and on the south side of the Canasde-de-Sauveterre, has a 

 mineral spring and 1800 inhabitants. Lartgogne, a small town, with 

 an eoclesiaatical aohool, and 2803 inhabitants, is situated on a high 

 plataan on the left bsink of the Allier, on the eastern border of Qm 

 department. It has an ancient church which belonged to a monastery 

 founded in the 1 0th century. A few miles west of Langogne between 

 the aonroe of the Allier and the right hank of the Cbapeauronx is 

 Olt4U(Xntti^-U-Jland<m, whilst besieging the castle of which the 

 ohhralroua constable Dnguesdin died. The commander of the fortress 

 had agreed to surrender the place in a fortnight in case no succour 

 airived ; the time having expired without bringing the expected aid he 

 broogfat the keys of the fortress and laid them on the dead warrior's 

 ooBn. The road from Langogne to Mende crosses the Hargeride 

 moDOtains near the ruins of ttie old castle just named by a high pass, 

 often blocked up with snow. VHUfort, a small place of under 2000 

 inhabitanta, aituated at tiie foot of Mont Loiire, ia important for its 

 lead- and oopper-minaa. 



2. In the second airondissement the chief town, Florae, ia situated 

 in 44* 10' 29' K. bkt, 3* 85' 44' E. long., 1960 feet above the sea, on 

 the left bank of the Tamon, a foedor of tho Tarn, and has a tribunal 

 of flnt inalnae, and 8S86 inhabitauts in the commune. Near Florae 

 ia OriMoe, a moimtafai village, tho birth-place of Pope Urban V. 

 Suia t i Bnimie, aa ancient town which originated in a monastery 

 feoadad In the 7th eaotnry by a daughter of Clothaire II., is situated 

 amongst savage mountains with lofty precipitous sides, on the right 

 bonk of the Tan, and has 1200 inhabitants. The Tom, which runs 

 ia a deep rooky bed in all tUs part of ita course, is famous for its 

 •scalleat trout. Bmrt, a small market-town of about 700 inhabitants, 

 b aituated in the Ovennea mountains about 9 miles S.S.E. from 

 rlofao. BL-Otrmain-dt-CaUmU, &E. of Klono, is situated in a 

 diatrict afanost entirely eovered with mulberry plantations, and has 

 Mas inhabitanta, who raiae ■ oonaiderablo quantity of raw silk. 

 Mmnmt, near the southern border of the department, on the right 

 ■■■kjftlha Jcota, a tbadar of the Tarn, haa hydraulic sawmilhi, 

 ■'■■'"'•'■'•• *l "•% nfaaaae, lace, wire for earda, and knitting needles. 

 n* popolatka ia S00& ViaUu, 16 milea E. ftt>m Florae, on the 

 aonthero slope of Mont Loakre, haa lead-mines and 2126 inhabitanU 



8. In the third amre dl aaa m a u t the chief towo ia MarvtjoU, which 

 to ritaaUd ia a vaUey planted with fhiit-treea, on the r^t bank of 

 tt>Oo lagy(a ImhW of the I.ot), 12 miles W. from Meade, and has a 

 ■yiy«» ™ "^»»<».«« »ellage, on eecleaiastical school, and 41 42 

 ■MUMrt^ who maaiifMura woollen cloth and yam, leather, bricks, 

 ** ItiMlda about 2000 feet above the level of the sea, in 44* 33' 17' 

 N. Ut, a* 17' ««• R long. The town is regulariy built, weH paved, 

 aod omamaotad with fountains. A canal from the Colagne supplies 

 the dya-hoOMi of the town vrith water, and drivea the machinery of 

 aavafal faetoriaa A, Atbtm, 16 milaa N.N.K. from Marvejols, on the 

 riglit bank oftka Tnyira, hta S1S« inhabitanta, and an old baronial 

 <m aoarMad IdIo • flmda IumUo aaylum. Zo-Omowyw^ 



lObeck. cm 



7 mllaa 8. from Xarveiola, ia sitnated ia the fertile valley of tha 

 Urugue and near the junction of the small stream with the Lot. 

 Some antiquities auppoaed to be Celtic exist in the town. Tha 

 population of the commune numben about 3000. The town haa 

 been always famous for the manufacture of serge and drugget. 

 St,-CMi), on the grea t road from Clermont to Narbunne, is situated 

 in a mountainous country north firom Marvejols, ami has about 1600 

 inhabitants. Ckirat, 8 miles B. from Marvejols, on the right bank of 

 the Colagne, and near its mouth in the Lot, hot 1644 iubabitanti in 

 the commune. iltUzieu, 5 miles N. from St-Alban, and on the right 

 bank of the.Truyftre, has 1200 inhabitants, who manufacture eoarsa 

 woollen stuflli, leather, and blankets. 



The department forma the see of the Bishop of Mande, is included 

 in the jurisdiction of the High Court of Nlmes, within the limits of 

 the Univenity Academy of Montnellier, and belongs to the 10th 

 Military Division, of which Montpellier is besd-quaiter*. It retiuns 

 one member to the Legislative Body uf the French empire. There 

 are in Mende a diocesan seminary, a preparatory ecclesiastical school, 

 a communal college, and a normal scbooL The Calviuists have 

 churches in Meyrueis, Florae, Vialos, Beure, and St.-QermaineHla- 

 Calberte, besides 8 meeting-houses in other districts of the departuMnt. 

 (/>ie<tonna(re de la Franct; Annuaire pour tAn 1858). 

 LOBECK, a free city in the north of Oermany, is aituated in 53* 51' 

 N. let., 10* 60' E. long., on a long eminence between the rivers Trava 

 and Wakenitz. It ia the capital of a republic whose territory, con- 

 sisting of a continuous tract along the Trave, is lx>unded E. by Meck- 

 lenburg Strelita, W. by Oldenburg and Holstein, S. by Lauenburg, 

 and N. by the Baltic. The city also possesses, in common with Ham- 

 burg, tho Vierlandm district, a rich fertile tract inclosed by -arms of 

 the Elbe, from the floods of which it ia protected by dykes. This 

 district, which is inhabited by the descendants of a Dutch colony 

 settled here in the 13th century, forms the bailiwick of Bergedorf, so 

 named from its chief town at the entrance of the Bille into the northern 

 arm of the Elbe. The total area of the possessions of the republic is 

 no square milon (of which 16 sqiuure miles are in the Viorlsnde), and 

 the total population, according to the census of 1851, amounted to 

 54,166. The population is thus distributed : — City of Liibeck, 26,098; 

 country porta, 16,587 ; bailiwick of Bergedorf, 11,481. 



Adolpbus II., count of Holstein, founded the present city of Lttbeck 

 on the banks of the Trave in 1140. In 1168 Adolphus ceded it and 

 its territory to Henry the Lion, who rebuilt the town, surroimded it 

 with walls, gave it magistrates of its own, granted it several privileges, 

 allowed the northern nations a free trade to it, and gave it the cele- 

 brated code of laws called ' Das Liibische Recht.' In 1163 the see of 

 the bishopric of Oldenburg was transferred to Liibeck. The chnrohea 

 of St Mary and St Peter were already built, and the cathedral waa 

 founded by Bishop Qerold in 1170. Henry the Lion being put under 

 the ban of the empire, Liibeck was forced to submit to the emperor 

 Frederick I., during whose absence in the Holy Land Henry returned 

 from England and recovered it, but had held it only three years when 

 it was taken by Adolphus III., count of Holstein (1192). Ten yean 

 later it waa taken by Woldemar, brother of Canute, king of Denmark. 

 The citiaena expelled the Danish garrison in 122<i, and placed them- 

 selves under the protection of the emporor Frederick II., who confirmed 

 all their privileges, and made Liibeck a free imperial city. 



The wealth and power of Liibeck increased, and it joined the 

 Hanseatie League, of which it became the head, about 1260. The 

 city was the aeat of government of the League, tiie repository of ita 

 archivea, and the station of ita fleet, to the command of which Liibeek 

 was entitled to appoint one of her own citizens. For four centuries 

 the city maintained her flourishing condition, and possessed it is said 

 at one time a population of 200,000 souls. From the dissolution of 

 the League in 1630 LUbeck has considerably diminished in importance, 

 her commerce has greatly decayed, and her streets that were once 

 crowded with the bustle of busy commerce are now partially overgrown 

 with gross. The occupation of the city by BlUoher after his retreat 

 from the battle of Jena led to the plunder of the town during three 

 days by about 75,000 French troops, who after expelling the Prussians 

 took up their quarters in tho town. Liibeck, like Hamburg, woa 

 inoorporotad with the French empire in 1810, and so remained till it 

 recovered its freedom after the battle of Leipzig in 1813. The most 

 important recent event in the history of the town is its connection 

 by a branch railway with the Hamburg-Berlin line at Buchen. 



Liibeck, in its present state, is no longer a fortified town ; the old 

 ramparta are converted into public waus, and the city, being on a 

 moderate emfaienoa between the Tnve and the Wakenitz, is very 

 pleasantly situated, very dean and dtearful. The interior is more 

 regnUr than in moat <i the old Oerman towns, it being intersected 

 by several broad and stnight streets. The houses are built of 

 stone. A great number of the houses are in the old-fashioned style, 

 with the gable-ends towards the street, and many of them arc richly 

 decorated. The dom, or cathedral, erected between 1170 and 1341, 

 ia a large red-brick structure surmounted by two spires. In the choir 

 and side-chapels are many tomtui of the bishops and leading families 

 of LUbrck. The screen which separates the choir from the nave is a 

 masterpiece of wood-oarving of the early Qennan school. But the 

 great treasure of thia church is a painting by Memling, in one of the 

 rid»diapda, repraaanting the chief incidents in the Passion of our 



