﻿LURCT-LEVT. 



LUZERN. 



ia LvncTille ars^tha parUh oboroh ; ths immcnM OTalry bnmcka, 

 wilk itebliDg for 6000 bonu ; Uia ridiog-iohool, which U coniidered 

 tikt finaat in Franca, being Urg« enough for 200 bone soldiers to 

 axaroiae in ; the hotpitala ; and the PUoa-Neuve, which ia ornamented 

 with handsome buildinga. Great bodice of cavalry are frequently 

 •oUcetad at Luoerille io the autumn for the purpoae of manoeavring 

 on a iuga aeala. The town baa maoafaoturaa of woollen-cloth, c&Iioo, 

 boaiary, lace, gloTaa, eartheowan, aheet-iron, and beer ; it has alao a 

 good trade in wine, com, brandr, hemp, flax, wood, Ac By the treaty 

 of peaM ligned at Lunanlle, February 9, 1801, the lUune waa mode 

 the limit bettveen France and Qermany. 



LUKCYLEVY. [Aujbb.] 



LURE. rSAAKS-HAirre.] 



LUROAN, county of Armagh, Ireland, a market- and poet-town, 

 and the acat of a PoorUw Union, is aituatad in 54° 2S' N. lat, 6° 21' 

 W. long., 16 milea K.E. from Armagh by the Ulater railway, and 914 

 miles K. from Dublin by the Dublin and Belfast junction railway. 

 The population in IS&l was 4211, besidas 440 inmates of the work- 

 houae. Lurgan Poor-Law Union compriaea 20 electoral divisions, with 

 an area of 79,230 acrea, and a population in 1S51 of CT,317. 



Lurgan was built in the reign of James I. by William Brownlow, 

 £«)., one of tbc English settlers : it was burned by the iusui^ente in 

 1641, and again destroyed by the army of James II. in the war of the 

 rerolutioo. The town consists principally of a wide street extending 

 along the Armagh and Belfast road, and baa a clean and neat app^i> 

 ance. Besides the parish church, which is a handsome building with 

 a tower and octagonal spire, there are places of worship for Roman 

 Catholics, Presbyterians, Quakers, and Methodists. The public 

 buildinga are— the market-house, a linen-hall, a court-house, a district 

 diapeiua>7, a bridewell, and the Union workhouse. The manufacture of 

 linsoa, especially of damasks and diapers, for which Lurgan is famed, 

 ia extensively carried on. There are a brewery and a distillery. 

 Qnartar-aessicna and petty sessions are held here. Fairs arc held on 

 August itb, November 22nd, and the second Tuesday of every month. 

 The market-day is Friday. Lurgan Castle, the seat of Lord Lurgan, 

 is a mansion of modem erection in the Elizabethan style. 



LURL [COBSICA.] 



LUS. [Beloocbistax.I 



LUSATIA. rLACSiTZ.] 



LUSIGNY. [AuBB.] 



LUSITANIA. [PoBTcoAL.] 



LU8K. (Dublin, County of.] 



LUSS. [DUMBABTONEIIII.E.] 



LUTON, Bedfordshire, a market-town, and the seat of a Poor-Law 

 Union, in the parish of Luton, is situated in a depres.sion of the chalk 

 hiUs, on the right bonk of the Lea, in 51° 62' N. lat, 0° 25' W. long., 

 distant 12 miles S. by E. from Bedford, and 81 miles N.N.W. from 

 London. The population in 1851 waa 10,648. For sanitary purposes 

 the tonrn is under a Local Board of Health. The living is a vicarage 

 in the archdeaconry of Bedford and diocese of Ely. Luton Poor-Law 

 Union contains 14 parishes and townships, with an area of 89,998 

 acres, and a population in 1851 of 25,083. 



The town baa a neat and dean appearance. The streets are lighted 

 with gas and paved. The principal building ia the church, a remark- 

 ably fine edifice, 174 feet long by 51 feet wide, of the early English, 

 decorated, and perpendicular styles ; but it has suffered much from 

 injudicious slterations. In the interior is an almost unique baptistery 

 over the font of decorated character. There are several Dissenting 

 places of worship, a National and a Britiah school, and almahouaea. 

 A town-hall has been recently erected. In the town ore a litetaiy 

 inatitution and library, a mechanics inatituts, and a savinga bonk. 

 Stiaw-plaiting is extensively carried on, and there are aeveral straw- 

 bonnet manufaetoriea, the Luton plait having a high reputation. 

 Malting and brewing are also carried on. The market is on Monday. 

 Fairs are held on the third Monday in April and October, and a statute 

 fair in September. Petty aesaions and a county court are held in the 

 tows. Luton Hoo, the seat of the Marquis of Bute, waa almost wholly 

 destroyed by &n in 1848. 



LUItKRWORTH, Leiceatarshire, a markat-town, and the seat of 

 a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Lutterworth, is situated on the 

 right bank of the little river Swiil, in 62" 27' N. Ut. 1° 12' E. long., 

 diataiit 18 miles & by W. from Uioeatar, and 89 milea N.W. from 

 London by road. The population in 1851 waa £446. The living is a 

 ractocy in the archdeaconry of Leioeater and diooea* of Peterborough. 

 I«ttarworth Poor-Law Union containa 87 pariaboa and townahi|is, 

 with an area of 61,090 aorss, and a population in 1851 of 16,194. 



The town oonaists of on* main street and aeveral smaller ones, and 

 U Uchtwl with gaa. A nmv town-haU was erected in 1886. The 

 I«rish churdi, crwitcd about tha year 1100, and thorough rapairwl 

 •boot 1740, is a large bandsoms building. The chancel ia oeponted 

 iSrOD the nave by a beautiful screen. From the pulpit, which is of 

 finely earrad oak, Wickliffe, who held the living of Lutterworth, is 

 said to bare addreaaed bis flock. Wesleyan and Primitive Msthodista, 

 Indapaodaata, and Baptiata have pUoea of wonhip. Th«ra ai« two 

 •odowed aebooU— Ryder's school for girls, and Sberriec'a and Poole's 

 for boys; a mechanica institute; and a savings bank. A county 

 ooort is held. Tha shiaf manufaotorsa an thoae of coarse hoaiery 

 •od ailk ribbon. The market ia on Thursday. Fairs an held on 



April 2nd, Holy Thuraday, September 16th, and on the Friday aftar 

 September ICth. 



LUXEMBOURG, or LUXEMBURG, a grand-duchy, the aovercignty 

 of which until lately vested, according to the anmngements of tha 

 Congress of Vienna, in the King of the Netherlands, who thus bacaiae 

 a member of the Germanic Confederation. After the aaveraoca of 

 Belgium from Holland in 1830 the grand-duchy waa divided after ooB- 

 oiderable delay and discussion between these two atatea, the King of 

 Holland retaining the title of Grand-Duke of Luxembourg. The 

 boundary line between the two states runs a little east of the water- 

 shed between the Meuse and the Moselle, Belgian Luxembourg, 

 which lies to the west of the line just indicated, being drained by the 

 Somoia or Semoy, the Lesse, and the Otirthe ; and Datoh Lnxemhoui^ 

 by the Moselle and the Our, which meet a few milea waat of Trdvea 

 and form the eastern boondory of the grand-duchy. The interior of 

 Dutch Luxembourg is drained also by tha Alzetta, the SAre, and 

 many other streams, all feeders of the Our. All these rivera rise in 

 the Ardennes or the EifeL 



Luxembourg is crossed from south-west to norlh-eaat by a raoge of 

 high groimd, part of the Ardennes, which separates the valley of the 

 Mnos from that of the Moselle. The soil of this elevated region is 

 calcareous, and is principally occupied as pasturage. The lower lauda 

 arc vety productive, and yield abuudaut harvests of wheat, rye, flax, 

 hemp, mangel-wurzel, ko. Such of the high lands as are tilled rarely 

 yield anytUng but ryo, oats, and potatoes. Luxembourg contains 

 many large forests. Agriculture js in rather a backward state all 

 through Luxembourg. The vine is cultivated on the bonks of the 

 Moselle and the Silre. The quality of the wine is inferior. In Dutch 

 Luxembourg thoro are a great number of distilleriea, and some iron- 

 works. Horses, homed cattle, swine, and sheep are numerous. In 

 Belgian Luxembourg there are iron-works, slate-quarries, potteries, 

 tanneries, cloth, and paper-mills. Iron- and lead-mines are worked ; 

 copper is found in Dutch Luxembourg. 



Luxembourg is bounded U. by the Prusfion Rhenish provinces, K. 

 by Li6ge, \Y. by Namur, and S. by the Freuch dej.artments of the 

 MoscUb and Ardennes. Its greatest length from east to west is 75 

 miles, and its greatest breadth is 50 miles. 



Dutch Luxembourg, the possession of which gives the King of 

 Holland the title of Grand Duke, and a voice in the Gennan Con- 

 federation, lies east of Belgian Luxembourg, ond haa an area of 848 

 square miles, with a population in 1852 of 210,275. 



Belgian iMxtmbourg ia the larger and more western part of the grand- 

 duchy ; it contains also the old duchy of Bouillon, a small territory 

 in the south-west of the province, and has an are* of 1T03 square 

 milea, with a population (in 1849) of 187,978. 



The city of Luxembourg, the capital of Dutch Luxembourg, is a 

 fortresa of great strength, situated in 49° 37' N. lat., 6° 9' E. long., 

 on the Alzette, or Else, 76 miles S.S.E. from Liege, and has about 

 12,000 inhabitaota. The city is surrounded by strong walls and deep 

 ditches, and has a double line of outworks in the form of a heptagou. 

 The upper town is built on a platform of a rock which is joined to 

 the neighbouring country on the west side, and on the other three 

 sides descends precipitously about 200 feet^ Similar lofty precipices 

 rise opposite them screening a deep valley watered by tha Ahsette, 

 along which the lower town is built The communication botwaen 

 the upper and lower towns is by flights of steps and by sigzag atraata 

 which an passable for carriages. 'The fortifications have been greatly 

 atrsngtbened by the German Confederation since 1830. The Vale of 

 the Alzette is crossed in various directions by the fortifications. A 

 projecting rods, called Le Uouc, which divides the lower town into 

 two quarters, contains caaemates for 4000 men hollowed out of the 

 rook, which ia perforated with loopholes and embrasures so as to 

 sweep the valley up and down. A new fort haa been built outside 

 the Tr^vea gate. The garrison numbers about 6000 men. In the 

 lower town an aeveral mills and dya-works. Tha town is small but 

 well-built ; it haa four churches, a military hoapitol, and a newly built 

 market-place. Echtemach, a walled town on the right bank of the 

 i^re, 17 milea N.E. from Luxembourg, has a population of about 

 4000, who an occupied with the mouufoctun of pottery, damaaks, 

 and woollen-cloths. 



Of Belgian Luxembourg the chief town is Ari.ox. The only other 

 towns worth notice are Ji<ul</gne, 19 miles N. by W. from Arlou, 

 population 2500 ; and liouUUm, the capital of the ancient duchy of 

 Bouillon, which stands near the French frontier, on the left bank of 

 the Semois in a gorge of the Ardennes, and has 2000 inhabitants. The 

 old castlo of Bouillon, built on a rock high above the town, has been 

 restorc<l and is now used as a prison. A few milea west^of Baatogne 

 is ths forest of St.-Hubert, which is said to be the original of 

 Shakeapere's ' Foreat of Arden.' Tba aoaneiy atill answers to the 

 description of the poet. At St.-Hubert, a poor village, in a clearing 

 in the middle of the forest, is a fine gothio churob, which formerly 

 belonged to the abbey of St.-Hubcrt who wmi buried hen in 826. 

 A railroad is in course of construction from Namur to Arlou. 



LUXUR. [TnEBEa.] 



LUXUKIL. [SaOh*, Haute.] 



LUZE'RN (Lucerne), a cauton of Switaerland, is bounded N. by 

 Aargau, E. by Sohwytx and Zug, S. by Unterwalden, and W. by Bern. 

 Its greatest length from north to aouth is 83 milea, and ita gnateat 



