﻿(17 



KAAa 



HACEDONIA. 



M 



MAAa [MnsK.] 

 HAASETK. [LniBURo.] 

 MAAS^LUIS, or HAASLAKD^Ltna [Hou-asd.] 

 MAASTRICHT. [LntBinio.] 

 MACAIRE. ST. [OntosDE.] 



MACAO, an UUnd at the aoutb-weatam mouth of the Choo-Kiang 

 or Ouiton BtTer in China. It terminates to the southward in a 

 Moinsnla running in the direction of north.«ast to south-west for a 

 lewth of more than two miles, with a breadth of half a mile where 

 widest, and is connected with the rest of the island by a long narrow 

 isthmus about 100 yards across. On this peninsular projection stands 

 the Portuguese town and settlement of Macao ; the rest of the island 

 is held by the Chinese who have built a wall, with a gate and gtiard- 

 honse in the centre, across the isthmus. The town is built on 

 dsolivities round the harbour, the shore beneath being embanked so 

 as to form a marine paraile, backed by a terrace of white houses, 

 above which Chinese and European houses ar<> intermingled. The 

 principal buildings are the church and college of St. Joseph, 1 1 other 

 churches, the senate-house, and several Chinese temples. The house 

 in which Camoens wrote pari of the 'Lusiad' still exists. The 

 harbour which lies north and west of the town, and between it and 

 the island of Patera, is not deep enough for large ships ; these anchor 

 in the Macao roads on the east side of the peninsula from 6 to 

 10 miles RS.& from the town. The Chinese r^uhitions i>ermit 

 none but Portuguese or Spanish vessels to trade at Macao ; but 

 through the connivance of the Chinese officials, and the readiness of 

 the Portuguese inhabitants to lend their names to foreigners who wish 

 to be associated with them for the purpose of trading to the port, 

 T « «i s1 i of other nations have little difficulty, generally speaking, in 

 lading or discharging in the roads by means of Portuguese boats. The 

 Portuguese obtained possession of the peninsula of Macao in 1586, 

 and made it for a long time the centre of an extensive commerce with 

 China, Japan, the Philippines, and other eastern countries. For many 

 yean the trade has been of little importance. Indeed Macao may be 

 said to be a place without any manufactures or commerce of its own. 

 It is merely a place for landing goods, which are afterwards sent for 

 sale to Canton. Goods imported (comprising cotton, broadcloth, 

 oamlets, betel-nut, tin, edible birds'-nests, rattans, saltpetre, pepper, 

 opium, gold and silver, &o.) pay a moderate duty at the Portuguese 

 custom-house. No cognisance is taken of goods exported, nor do 

 they pay any duty. 



The population of the peninsula is about 13,000, mora than half of 

 whom are Chinese ; the whole island has a population perhaps 

 exceeding 20,000. The Chinese part of the island, to which the 

 Portuguese are rarely admitted, has a light sandy soil, and is extremely 

 well cultivated, being made to yield all kinds of potherbs and vege- 

 tables. The town receives its supplies from the Chinese part of the 

 island or from the mainland. When the Portuguese give offence to 

 the Chinese the gate of tho isthmus is shut, and all supplies and 

 intercourse are cut off till satisfaction is made. The Portuguese 

 govern Uiemselves. The administration is vested in a governor and 

 senate composed of the Catholic bishop, the judge, and a few of the 

 principal inhabitants ,- but all real authority is in the hands of the 

 Chinase msodarin resident in the town. The harbour of Macao is 

 Aafended by six forts. Besides the college of St. Joseph the Portu- 

 guese have an endowed grammar school, and an orphan asylum. 

 Macao is about 80 miles firom Canton. The flagstaff is in 22° 12' 45" 

 N. Ut, US' 35' E. long. 



MAC CARTHY'S ISLAND. [Oambu, Colony o£] 



MACASSAR. [CsuBB.] 



MACCLESFIELD, Cheshire, a market-town, municipal and parlia- 

 msntary borough, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish 

 of Prastbury, is situated on the river Bollin, in 58° 16' N. Ut, 2° 6' 

 W. long., distant 84 miles E. by N. from Chester, 167 miles N.W. by 

 N. from London by road, and 1654 miles by the North-Westem and 

 North Btaffordahin railways. The population of the borough in 

 18S1 was 89,048. The borough is governed by 12 aldermen and 36 

 aoaneiUors, one of whom is mayor; and returns two members to the 

 Iia|Mlial Parliament. The living is a perpetual curacy in the aroh- 

 dsMonry and dioccM of Chester. Macclesfield Poor-Law Union 

 oontains 41 parishes and townships, with an are* of M,078 acres, and 

 m popnlatioo in 1851 of 68,322. 



In 1260 the son of Hemy IIL, as Earl of Chester, made Maccles- 

 field a free boroagfa. Various advantages were granted to the buigesses 

 in lUer timaa. Mseclesfield U a chirf seat of the silk-throwing trade, 

 vUeh progrosiTely advanced from 1808 to 1825, when it atUined 

 Ha grsatsat prosperity. The msnufaoture is still very considerable. 

 Almost every vaitety of silk, including the finest kind, is manufactured 

 here. The mills are mostly situated on the Bollin. Macclesfield 

 posMMes also several ootton-factories, dye-works, foundries, and 

 Mvweries. Small wares ars extensively made. Coal, slate, and stone 

 are found in the neighboorhood. 



Macclesfield is sitoated on the west side and at the base of a range 

 of high land on the border of Cheshire which forms part of the mountain 

 region of Derbyshire. A canal which unites the Orand Trunk and 

 Peak Forest canals passes close to Maoolesfiald, uid thus opens a 

 water oommunication with most parts of Endaod. The town 

 contains four principal streets, diverging from Uie market-place in 

 various directions ; tne streets are partially paved, the town is lighted 

 with gas, and the sewerage is good. Baths and wash-houses were 

 established in 1 850. The town-hall is a good building. A subscription 

 library, founded in 1770, has above 20,000 volumes, and contains like- 

 wise Uie public records. The court-house and jail are situated in the 

 market-place. A county court is held in the town. 



Thero are in all seven churches. The oldest and finest, St. Michael's 

 church, was founded by Eleanor, queen of Edward I., in 1278 : the 

 chancel, which has been nbuilt, contains a painted window. The 

 Independents, Wesleyan, Primitive, New Connexion, and Association 

 Methodists, Baptists, Roman Catholics and Mormons have places of 

 worship. The Free Orammar school was endowed with lands in 1602 

 by Sir John Peroyval, Lord Mayor of London, a native of Maccles- 

 field. It was refouuded by Edward VI. The annual revenue is 

 1600/. The number of scholars in 1853 was 39. A Commercial 

 school is also supported on the foundation, and the Grammar school 

 has two exhibitions. In the town are National and Infant schools, 

 and schools supported by the Wesleyan Methodists snd the Roman 

 Catholics. There are a school of design, established in 1851 ; a useful 

 knowledge society, which had 513 members in 1851, and 2000 volumes 

 in its library ; a museum ; a dispensary ; and a savings bank. The 

 com and butchers' markets are held on Tuesday and Saturday. 

 Fairs are held on May 6th, June 2l8t, July 11th, October 4th, and 

 November 1st. 



MACBDO'NIA, in the time of Strabo, included a considerable part 

 of lUyrin and Thrace ; but Macedonia proi>er may be considered as 

 separated from Thessaly on the south by the Cambunian Mountains ; 

 from Illyria on the vest by the great mountain chain called Soardns 

 and Bemus, and which under the name of Piudus also separates 

 Thessaly from Epirus ; from Mccsia on the north by the mountains 

 called Orbelus and Scomius, which run at right angles to Soardus ; 

 and from Thrace on the east by the river Strymon. The Macedonia 

 of Herodotus was however still mora limited, as is afterwards 

 mentioned. Macedonia proper, as defined above, is watered by three 

 rivers of considerable size, the Axius, the Lydias, and the Ualiacmon, 

 all of which flow into the Thermaic Gulf (Gulf of Saloniki). The most 

 easterly as well as the largest of the three, the Axius (Vardar), flows 

 from the ranges between Scardus and Orbelus, in tho north-west of 

 Macedonia, and is increased by several tributaries, and particularly 

 the Erigon (Kuchuk Kara-su), which rises in the mountains between 

 Macedonia and Illyria. The next river to the west of the Axius is 

 the Lydias (called at the present day Kara Azmac, on the coast, and 

 Potova in the interior), which flowed, according to Strabo (viL, 

 ' Extracts,' sec 9, vol. ii. p. 130, Tauchn.), through the lake on which 

 Pella is situated into the sea. It now joins the Axius about a league 

 above the entrance of the latter into the sea. To the west of the 

 Lydias is the Holiacmon, which flows from the Cambunian Mountains ; 

 in the time of Herodotus it joined the Lydias (vii. 127), but at present 

 it flows directly into the sea to the south-west of the mouth of the 

 Axius. The Haliacmon was called Astrceus, probably from the goiges 

 of Beraea ; the modem corrcsi>unding names are Injdkara and Vistritsa. 

 The whole of the district on the sea-coast, and to a considerable 

 distance in the interior, between the Axius and the Haliacmon, is very 

 low and marshy. [Axius.] 



From the mountains which divide Illyria and Macedonia two 

 mountain ranges run towards the south-east, separating the valleys 

 of the Haliacmon, the Lydias, and the Axius : the most southerly of 

 these ranges, which is between the Haliacmon and Lydias, was cidled 

 Bermius; and the most northerly, between the Lydias and the Axius, 

 Dysorum, in one part of its course at least The only other rivers of 

 any importance were the Strymon and the Angites, whose valleys 

 were separated from that of the Axius by a range of mountains which 

 runs from Orbelus on the north towards the peninsula of Chalcidice. 

 The Strymon (Struma) rises in Mount Scomius and flows into the 

 Strymonic Gulf (Gulf of Orphano). Not far from the sea it forms a 

 lidce, called Cercinitis (Kerkine), into which the Angites flows from 

 the eastward. [AurairoLis.] 



The origin and early history of the Macedonians are involved in 

 much obscurity. Some modems have attempted to derive the name 

 from the Kittim mentioned in Gen., x. 4 ; Numb., xxiv. 24 ; Jer., ii. 

 10; Ezek., xxvii. 6; Dan., xL 30. In the book of Maccabees, Alex- 

 ander the Great is said to come from the land of Cheittieim 

 (1 Mace, i. 1), and Perseus is called king of the Kittions (1 Mace, 

 viii. 6). Whatever the origin of the name, there is abundant reason 

 for believing that the Macedonian princes were of Helleuic race, and 

 that the Macedonians themselves were an Illyrian people, though the 



